Ian Shaw’s scientific contributions

... These five stars appeared since the pre-dynastic age, specifically at the era of Naqada II as aforementioned of Gerzeh palette (bbbb) , fig. (7) [49,50,59]. In the later eras played an important role in ancient Egyptian social concepts and religious beliefs, especially during the Old kingdom up to the end of Greek and Roman eras (bbbb) [49,50]. ...

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LINGUISTIC SYMBOLIC APPROACH OF ANCIENT EGYPTIAN DIFFERENTIATION BETWEEN NORTHERN AND SOUTHERN CONSTELLATIONS

... a. The usual offering formula which begins the offerings (Htp di nsw…), "A boon that the king gives …", is lost and the rest that usually follows this formula begins with "nbt nfrt wabt n kA.n…""Every good and purified things to the ka of…" 50 . It represents the end of the list of offerings and gives a general list of offerings, including all requirements for the deceased. ...

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A Panel from The Tomb of MAHU in Saqqara North

... One of the Nile islands at the northern end of the First Cataract that existed since the early Pre-Dynastic Period [17]. ...

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THE NOTION OF THE "THREE HILL COUNTRY" IN THE ANCIENT EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION

... From there, it spread to ancient civilizations in Egypt, China and India, where it was highly valued for its versatile fibers and nutritious seeds (Fuller, 2011, . In ancient Egypt, flax was revered as a symbol of purity and used to create luxurious linen for clothing, sails, and even wrapping mummies (Nicholson & Shaw, 2000). The Phoenicians and Romans also recognized the durability and versatility of flax, utilizing it extensively in their textiles and trade (Wild, 2003). ...

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Linseed Basics: Understanding the Core Principles and Benefits

... The Indus Valley civilization including Mesopotamian trade began as early as the third millennium BC [33]. Mesopotamian civilizations traded with ancient Egypt starting in the 4th millennium BC [34] [35]. For much of history, Mesopotamia served as a trade center. ...

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Tigris, Euphrates, and Shatt Al-Arab River System: Historic and Modern Attempts to Manage and Restore Iraq's Lifeline Open Access