I Dewa Putu Wijana’s research while affiliated with Universitas Gadjah Mada and other places

This study aims to explain the role of ethnic humor as a practice of marginalization against minority ethnic groups in Indonesia. The research data consists of 270 instances of ethnic humor sourced from books, websites, and social media. The data were analyzed using Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis approach, which includes three stages: description, interpretation, and explanation. Textual characteristics of ethnic humor were analyzed using SketchEngine, a corpus management and text analysis software developed by Lexical Computing. The findings indicate that ethnic humor can marginalize minority ethnic groups in Indonesia through three mechanisms: (1) negatively representing the targeted ethnic group, (2) constructing unequal social relations, and (3) justifying the behavior of the targeted ethnic group as inferior, strange, or even negative. The ideology embedded in ethnic humor discourse can be traced through patterns of language use, including word choice, sentence structure, and discourse organization. Words, sentence strcuture, and discourse organization are ideological because they contain experiential, relational, and expressive values. The results of this study reveal that ethnic humor, often appreciated for its entertainment value, can marginalize minority ethnic groups in two ways: by restricting their identity and roles. These findings reinforce previous research, such as that conducted by Pérez (2022), which argues that the ideological nature of ethnic humor can be harmful as it reinforces the dominance of majority groups. This finding also reinforce the findings of Mendiburo-Seguel & Ford (2023) which show that ethnic humor can strengthen ethnic prejudice. This situation suggests that ethnic humor should be approached cautiously to avoid negative impacts on Indonesia’s multiethnic society.

This brief article deals with the concurrence of plants or its parts and its representations in Indonesian proverbs. The data used are mostly extracted from Indonesian proverb books, and ones found in proverbs of other languages. First, the data are classified based on plants or parts of plant possibly concurred. Later, the investigation is directed toward the various possibility the combination might represent. Through careful analysis, it is finally found that the plants or parts of the plants to be combined can be between different plants, parts of the same plants, one plant and its parts, parts and different plants, and parts of different plants. Plants or parts of plants to be combined are perceived as: to have the same quality for representing something hard or impossible to change, something must be committed by both parties, the same destiny to be experienced, or how should someone to behave; the different quality of plants or parts of the plant is used to represent unexpected thing (better or worse) to happen, not easy to give up and always depend on something available, could differentiate between good and bad matters, to use the worse quality things first before the better ones, imbalance competition, ability and sincerity to accept the good and bad aspect of things; one plant or parts of the plant are older (coming out earlier) or younger (coming out later) than the others to represent the difficulties for the older people to change, any occasion follows cause and effect law, the new comers usually should or could not drive out or defeat the natives; and phonological representation to show that sometimes the proverbs are created on the basis of aesthetic achievements instead of merely on metaphorical similarities.

This study proposes to explain that Indonesian ethnic humor show cultural violence on the target group, in addition, to establishing an interethnic dialogue. Cultural violence is defined as the entire cultural aspect that can be used to legitimize violence, whether direct or structural. Forms of cultural violence can include religion, ideology, language, empirical sciences, formal science, and cosmology. The problems questioned are (1) how cultural violence is depicted in the language structure of Indonesian ethnic humor and (2) how are the forms of cultural violence in the discourse of Indonesian ethnic humor. Data on ethnic humor were from books, magazines, websites, and social media. All were analyzed using critical discourse analysis. The results show that the potential for cultural violence in ethnic humor can be traced by its content and context. The content relates to the expressed substance and language, while context is under users' social and historical formation. Ethnic humor in Indonesia targets ethnic minorities such as Chinese and Madurese. When it comes to racist circumstances, ethnic humor can normalize structural discrimination and violence against the referred ethnicities. Cultural violence includes stigmatization, normalization of discriminatory policies, and social exclusion. This finding suggests that nonserious discourse, such as humor, has a severe social impact, therefore it must be used wisely. Budaya kekerasan dalam humor etnis Indonesia: Analisis wacana kritis Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bahwa humor etnis Indonesia menunjukkan kekerasan budaya pada kelompok sasaran, selain itu, untuk membangun dialog antar-etnis. Kekerasan budaya didefinisikan sebagai seluruh aspek budaya yang dapat digunakan untuk melegitimasi kekerasan, baik langsung maupun struktural. Bentuk kekerasan budaya dapat mencakup agama, ideologi, bahasa, ilmu pengetahuan empiris, ilmu pengetahuan formal, dan kosmologi. Pertanyaan yang diajukan adalah (1) bagaimana kekerasan budaya digambarkan dalam struktur bahasa humor etnis Indonesia dan (2) bagaimana bentuk kekerasan budaya dalam wacana humor etnis Indonesia. Data tentang humor etnis berasal dari buku, majalah, situs web, dan media sosial. Semua dianalisis menggunakan analisis wacana kritis. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa potensi kekerasan budaya dalam humor etnis dapat dilacak melalui konten dan konteksnya. Konten terkait dengan substansi dan bahasa yang diekspresikan, sedangkan konteks berada di bawah pembentukan sosial dan sejarah pengguna. Humor etnis di Indonesia menargetkan minoritas etnis seperti Tionghoa dan Madura. Dalam situasi yang rasis, humor etnis dapat memperkuat diskriminasi struktural dan kekerasan terhadap etnis yang disebutkan. Kekerasan budaya mencakup penstigmaan, normalisasi kebijakan diskriminatif, dan eksklusi sosial. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa wacana yang tidak serius, seperti humor, memiliki dampak sosial yang serius, oleh karena itu harus digunakan dengan bijak.

This research article deals with Indonesian proverbs used to express “useless efforts” with focus of attention on the syntactic structures, and various causal factors that make the works expressed by the verbs impossible to realize. By using data collected from proverb collection book entitled 7700 Perribahasa Indonesia [7700 Indonesian Proverbs], it is found that the Indonesian proverbs convey useless efforts can be delivered through various types of syntactic structure: predicate-object (PO), conjunction-predicate-object (Conj-P-O), predicate-object-adverbial (P-O-Adv), conjunctionpredicate-object-adverbial (Conj-P-O-Adv), predicate-complement (P-Comp), predicate-adverbial (P-Adv), conjunction-predicate-adverbial (Conj-P-Adv), subject-predicate-object (S-P-O), subjectpredicate-adverbial (S-P-Adv), conjunction-predicate-adv (Conj-P-Adv), predicate-subject (P-S), and adverbial-subject-predicate (Adv-S-P). Based on these various types of structure, in the proverbs involving no subject slot, the impossibilities can be caused by the objects, object attributes, complements, and adverbials that explain the location, time, purpose, and instrument by which the efforts are executed. Meanwhile, in the proverbs involving subject constituent, the impossibilities are caused by the subjects filled by words or phrases of having referents human, non human, or entities which are improper or incapable realizing the actions.

This brief paper intends to describe the English structured shop names which are more and more to find in the use of Indonesian in the global era where the use of English has deeply penetrated the structure of world languages. By using samples of shop names found in Kalasan District and its adjacent areas, it is found that a lot of service and products used as the head of structure of noun phrase which are formerly constructed in post modifying pattern now has turned into premodifier one. And even more surprisingly, many Indonesian words are used as the head of phrase to refer to services and products offered following their attributes which refer to the names of the enterprise

This study highlights the role of language and slang in perpetuating cultural attitudes and gender roles and the need for a more positive and inclusive representation of women in language. This study examines the representation of Chinese women in Mandarin slang from the 1970s to the 1990s and its impact on business and professional communication. Employing qualitative methods, such as interviews and documents review, the research explores how the portrayal of women through Mandarin slang affected their participation and perception in the professional sphere. The findings reveal that most slang vocabulary used during this era carried negative connotations. Historical and cultural contexts, political events, and personal opinions and attitudes influenced the representation of women in Mandarin slang. The prevalence of negative expressions reinforced cultural expectations for women to conform to traditional gender roles and moral codes. In contrast, the limited use of positive and neutral expressions indicated evolving cultural attitudes. This study underscores the role of language and slang in perpetuating cultural attitudes and gender roles in professional contexts, emphasizing the need for a more positive and inclusive representation of women in language to foster greater gender equality in business and professional environments.

This research is a case study about the use of exclamation in a da’wah themed YouTube video title. The data source is a YouTube channel named Mufti Menk. The video titles that contain exclamation were collected. The exclamations were then analyzed based on the form and the use of syntactic instruments. The result of the study shows that the exclamations were found in two forms, i.e. minor sentence (in a form of phrases), and major sentence (in a form of simple sentences, compound sentences, and complex sentences), with some interjections as the supporting components. In addition, some syntactic instruments with different functions were also implemented in the sentences by using direct speech, active and passive sentences, foregrounding, topicalization, repetition, and syntactic compaction through deletion of subject, copula, main clause, ‘it is’, and ‘there is’.