February 2025
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3 Reads
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1 Citation
The Journal of Politics
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February 2025
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3 Reads
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1 Citation
The Journal of Politics
November 2024
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7 Reads
Good public policy in a democracy relies on efficient and accurate information flows between individuals with firsthand, substantive expertise and elected legislators. While legislators are tasked with the job of making and passing policy, they are politicians and not substantive experts. To make well-informed policy, they must rely on the expertise of others. Hearings on the Hill argues that partisanship and close competition for control of government shape the information that legislators collect, providing opportunities for party leaders and interest groups to control information flows and influence policy. It reveals how legislators strategically use committees, a central institution of Congress, and their hearings for information acquisition and dissemination, ultimately impacting policy development in American democracy. Marshaling extensive new data on hearings and witnesses from 1960 to 2018, this book offers the first comprehensive analysis of how partisan incentives determine how and from whom members of Congress seek information.
July 2024
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2 Citations
Journal of Law Economics and Organization
The federalism structure of the US government requires active cooperation from state governments to successfully enforce federal environmental regulations. What explains the variation in state governments’ participation in lawsuits against firms that are accused of violating major environmental statutes? We argue that firms’ political connections with state politicians affect a state government’s decision to join the litigation process. By constructing a novel dataset on the EPA’s civil cases and settlements for the period 1998–2021, we show that state environmental agencies are less likely to join the EPA in court when the defendant firms contributed to Republican state legislators. We do not find the same pattern when firms have connections with Democratic legislators. We present various mechanisms of how state politicians influence behaviors of state bureaucrats. Our findings highlight how state politics can be an avenue for firms to exert influence on federal environmental regulations.
August 2023
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27 Reads
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4 Citations
The Journal of Politics
November 2022
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5 Reads
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29 Citations
The Journal of Politics
September 2022
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3 Reads
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8 Citations
The Journal of Politics
August 2022
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14 Reads
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10 Citations
Economics and Politics
How do interest groups decide which member of Congress to target when decisions are made collectively? Do lobbying strategies change as legislation advances? Answering these questions is challenging due to a lack of systematic observations of lobbying contacts. I answer these questions using a novel data set constructed from reports submitted by lobbyists on behalf of South Korea regarding its free trade agreement with the United States for 10 years. I show that a diverse set of politicians are contacted but the timing, intensity, and strategy of lobbying contacts vary by politicians' institutional positions as well as their predisposed preferences for free trade.
May 2022
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13 Reads
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26 Citations
American Political Science Association
How are politicians informed and who do politicians seek information from? The role of information has been at the center for research on legislative organizations but there is a lack of systematic empirical work on the information that Congress seeks to acquire and consider. To examine the information flow between Congress and external groups, we construct the most comprehensive dataset to date on 74,082 congressional committee hearings and 755,540 witnesses spanning 1960–2018. We show descriptive patterns of how witness composition varies across time and committee and how different types of witnesses provide varying levels of analytical information. We develop theoretical expectations for why committees may invite different types of witnesses based on committee intent, interbranch relations, and congressional capacity. Our empirical evidence shows how committees’ partisan considerations can affect how much committees turn to outsiders for information and from whom they seek information.
February 2022
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26 Reads
The chapter examines the role of interest groups and money in the American political system. Although the activity of interest groups is generally seen as essential to the functioning of a democratic system and the framers of the Constitution such as James Madison thought that interests could be made to balance each other, the inequalities which characterise interest groups in terms of money and access can also pose a threat to democracy. The chapter considers unequal representation from two channels of influence: contributions to election campaigns and lobbying. Efforts to control the role of money in politics have been profoundly weakened by a series of Supreme Court rulings which equated the freedom to spend money in campaigns to freedom of speech and struck down measures designed to regulate federal campaign expenditures. As a result, interest groups have come to play an ever more influential role in campaigns and Super PACs (a type of organization devoted to independent expenditure with no limits on the size of contributions) have grown in importance. Equally, the lobbying industry has grown substantially, begging serious questions around who has access to power and what impact unequal representation might have on government decisions.
September 2021
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25 Reads
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18 Citations
The Journal of Politics
Over the last 15 years, the shale gas boom has transformed the US energy industry and numerous local communities. Political representatives from fracking areas have become more conservative, yet whether this elite shift reflects mass preferences is unclear. We examine the effects of fracking on the political participation of voters and donors in boom areas. While voters benefit from higher wages and employment, other fracking-induced community changes may dampen their participation. In contrast, donors experience more of the economic gains without the negative externalities. Combining zip code–level data on shale gas wells with individual data on political participation, we find that fracking lowers voter participation and increases donations. Both of these effects vary in ways that benefit conservatives and Republicans. These findings help explain why Republican candidates win more elections and become more conservative in fracking areas. Our results show broadly positive economic changes can have unequal political impacts. © 2022 Southern Political Science Association. All rights reserved.
... 5. Discussion: limits and future of the LinkedIn data in improving record linkage We have shown how to use half a billion user-contributed records from a prominent employment networking site to help link datasets about organizations. Researchers studying organizations frequently find themselves in situations where they must link datasets based on shared names and without common covariates (Crosson et al., 2020;Thieme, 2020;Rasmussen et al., 2021;Carpenter et al., 2021;Stuckatz, 2022;Abi-Hassan et al., 2023;González and You, 2024). Existing methods, notably human coding and fuzzy matching, or some combination of the two, are costly to apply and often involve ad hoc decision-making by scholars about what seems to be working well (or well enough). ...
July 2024
Journal of Law Economics and Organization
... The result is a patchwork geography of varying economic interest and affluence. U.S. electoral institutions also accentuate the role of geography, territorially grouping voters, expressing their voices in singlemember districts, and focusing the attention of officeholders on representing territorially bounded constituencies (Bisbee and You 2024;Lappie and Marschall 2018;Forest 2018;Rickard 2012) . ...
August 2023
The Journal of Politics
... Intermediary actors are present at all levels of socio-technological systems, i.e., not only within emerging niches (Bergek, 2020;Hargreaves et al., 2013;Kivimaa, 2014) or at the intersection between regimes and niches (Geels & Deuten, 2006;Klerkx & Leeuwis, 2008), but also within established technological regimes or systems (Bessant & Rush, 1995;Sovacool et al., 2020;Stankiewicz, 1995). Hence, it is important to acknowledge that, apart from transition intermediaries , there are intermediaries whose formal (or hidden) mission is to defend the existing regime, dominant technologies and practices, e.g. trade and industry associations, lobby organizations, etc. (Bushouse & Mosley, 2018;Hirsch et al., 2023). More research about these types of actors is crucial, as they consciously work to hamper transitions, e.g., by coordinating the interests of a particular industry and actively lobbying and negotiating with government to shape and maintain a status quo (Watkins et al., 2015;Yao et al., 2022). ...
November 2022
The Journal of Politics
... When researchers use lobbying expenditures as independent variables, I suggest they examine differences between the coefficients for contract and in-house lobbying expenditures. Further, combining analyses using expenditures with other measures of lobbying activity, for example, based on bills lobbied or committee appearances (e.g., Drutman, 2015;Lee and You, 2023) can clarify the extent to which there is variation in lobbying activity, especially if expenditures are constant over time or clients report zero expenditures in some filing periods. Finally, since temporally fine-grained expenditure data need not be best for reducing measurement error, researchers should consider higher levels of temporal aggregation in analyses where contract lobbying predominates, such as federal-level lobbying in the US. ...
September 2022
The Journal of Politics
... Foreign policy literature suggests that two types of policy impact foreign relations more than others-international alliances (Hussain 1979;Haim 2016) and foreign assistance (Berman and Heineman 1963;McKinlay and Little 1977;Mellor and Master 1991;Kee et al. 2007;Montes-Rojas 2013). Similar to domestic actors, a foreign entity can choose to contact the US government directly, often through diplomatic channels (Tidwell 2017), or they can hire a lobbyist to represent their interests (You 2023). The lobbyists are the focus of this inquiry and analysis. ...
August 2022
Economics and Politics
... Therefore, the pre-legislation phase is distinct from traditional congressional oversight functions, which are typically conducted after the enactment of laws and focus primarily on evaluating the enforcement of legislation by federal agencies and assessing the implementation of policy programs. Existing research has found a prominent role of federal agencies in congressional oversight activities (May et al., 2016;Miller, 2004) as well as in all committee hearings from 1961 to 2018 (Ban et al., 2023), but less scholarly attention has been paid to what roles federal bureaucrats play in the early years during the pre-legislation stage when an emerging public issue is relatively new and fluid, Congress focuses on understanding the issue, and no major policy or legislation has been formulated to address the issue. ...
May 2022
American Political Science Association
... First, I analyze how the development of the fracking industry affected the enforcement of the Clean Air Act (CAA) at the zip code-level in the seven states where most of this industry was located between 1990 and 2014. Following Sances and You (2022), I apply a difference-in-differences design using the year 2005 as the time at which technological advances made fracking economically viable, and show that the non-energy sector experienced a significant increase in regulatory activities. At the zip code level, having at least one fracking well increases the number of regulatory actions for non-energy firms by 23%. ...
September 2021
The Journal of Politics
... In this vein, women generally are disinclined towards public speaking (De Paola et al. 2021) and less inclined towards leadership roles (Alan et al. 2020;Ertac and Gurdal 2012), which are key components of public service. 2 Women are also underrepresented among congressional staff (Ritchie and You 2021) and in campaigns (Chewning et al. 2024;Enos and Hersh 2015). This work, however, focuses on institutional barriers or gatekeepers rather than on gender differences in ambition. ...
October 2020
The Journal of Politics
... These studies have evaluated the law and its amendments (Straus 2021), the scope of registration and disclosure requirements (Leech et al. 2005;LaPira et al. 2014; Thomas and LaPira 2017), and effectiveness (Choi et al. 2015). Fewer studies have focused on foreign agents registered under FARA (Newhouse 2009;Peksen and Petersen 2022), and those that have tend to focus on the available data (You 2020) or types of political activities covered by the law (Krishnakumar 2021). ...
September 2020
Interest Groups & Advocacy
... and childcare (Burgoon, 2001, Hays, 2009). This claim is echoed in more recent analyses of the anti-globalization backlash, some of which find that access to compensatory programs (such as Trade Adjustment Assistance in the United States) reduces the appeal of populist right-wing political candidates (and softens the effect of the 'China shock' on political outcomes (Kim and Pelc, 2021;Ritchie and You, 2021)). ...
July 2020
The Journal of Politics