July 2024
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2 Reads
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5 Citations
Scientia Horticulturae
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July 2024
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2 Reads
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5 Citations
Scientia Horticulturae
August 2023
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129 Reads
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7 Citations
Horticulture Research
Caffeine is considered as one of the most important bioactive components in the popular plant beverages tea, cacao and coffee, but as a wide-spread plant secondary metabolite its biosynthetic regulation at transcription level remains largely unclear. Here, we report a novel transcription factor CsS40 as a caffeine biosynthesis regulator, which was discovered during screening a yeast expression library constructed from tea leaf cDNAs for activation of tea caffeine synthase (TCS1) promoter. Besides multiple hits of the non-self-activation CsS40 clones that bound to and activated TCS1 promoter in yeast-one-hybrid assays, A split-luciferase complementation assay demonstrated that CsS40 acts as a transcription factor to activate the CsTCS1 gene and EMSA assay also demonstrated that CsS40 bound to the TCS1 gene promoter. Consistently, immunofluorescence data indicated that CsS40-GFP fusion was localized in the nuclei of tobacco epidermal cells. The expression pattern of CsS40 in ‘Fuding Dabai’ developing leaves was opposite to that of TCS1; and knockdown and overexpression of CsS40 in tea leaf calli significantly increased and decreased TCS1 expression levels, respectively. The expression levels of CsS40 were also negatively correlated to caffeine accumulation in developing leaves and transgenic calli of ‘Fuding Dabai’. Furthermore, overexpression of CsS40 reduced the accumulation of xanthine and hypoxanthine in tobacco plants, meanwhile, increased their susceptibility to aging. CsS40 expression in tea leaves was also induced by senescence-promoting hormones and environmental factors. Taken together, we showed that a novel senescence-related factor CsS40 negatively regulates TCS1 and represses caffeine accumulation in tea cultivar ‘Fuding Dabai’. The study provides new insights into caffeine biosynthesis regulation by a plant-specific senescence regulator in tea plants in connection to leaf senescence and hormone signaling.
July 2023
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45 Reads
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4 Citations
Plants
Tea, as a global nonalcoholic beverage, is widely consumed due to its economic, health and cultural importance. Polyploids have the ability to solve the problems of low yield, cold resistance and insect resistance in tea tree varieties. However, the response mechanism to aluminum and heavy metal remains unclear. In this study, the content of Al, Cu and Cd were measured in the leaves and roots of ‘Qianmei 419’ and ‘Qianfu 4’, respectively. The content of Al, Cd and Cu in the roots of the ‘Qianmei 419’ tea variety were significantly higher than in ‘Qianfu 4’ roots. Only the content of Cu in the leaves of the ‘Qianmei 419’ tea variety was significantly higher than that in the roots of the ‘Qianfu 4’ tea variety. Moreover, we found that the content of Al, Cu and Cd in the soil around the root of ‘Qianfu 4’ were higher than in the soil around the root of ‘Qianmei 419’. RNA-seq was performed to identify the DEGs involved in the accumulation of Al, Cu and Cd between ‘Qianmei 419’ and ‘Qianfu 4’. A total of 23,813 DEGs were identified in the triploid tea variety, including 16,459 upregulated DEGs and 7354 downregulated DEGs. Among them, by analyzing the expression levels of some metal transporter genes, it was found that most of the metal transporter genes were downregulated in the triploid tea plants. In short, through the analysis of transcriptome data and metal content, it was found that changes in metal transporter gene expression affect the accumulation of metals in tea plants. These results provide candidate genes to enhance multi-metal tolerance through genetic engineering technology.
April 2023
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64 Reads
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5 Citations
Horticulturae
In this study, the metabolites in insect tea and hawk tea were analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. We found 49 metabolites in insect tea and hawk tea that can be used as key active components in traditional Chinese medicine, as well as 98 metabolites that can be used as active components of pharmaceutical preparations for the treatment of cancers, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, etc. Comparative analysis found that insect tea and hawk tea had significant differences in their metabolic profiles. Insect tea contains more metabolites beneficial to human health than hawk tea; insect tea also has higher antioxidant activity in vitro than hawk tea. The results of this study will contribute to the development of new health foods using insect tea.
March 2023
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6 Reads
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3 Citations
Gene
In this study, the content of main nutrients in 'QianFu No. 4' were significantly higher than 'QianMei 419.'Transcriptome and proteome were combined to provide new insight of the molecular mechanisms linked to nutritional quality of 'QianFu No. 4' and 'QianMei 419' by leaf function analysis, RNA sequencing and isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification techniques.A total of 23,813 genes and 361 proteins exhibited differential expression level in 'QianMei 419' when compared with 'QianFu No. 4'. These genes and proteins revealed that the pathway of flavonoids biosynthesis, caffeine metabolism, theanine biosynthesis and amino acid metabolism were linked to nutritional quality of tea. Our results provided transcriptomics and proteomics information with respect to the molecular mechanisms of nutritional changes of tea, identified key genes and proteins that associated with the metabolism and accumulation of nutrients, and helped clarify the molecular mechanisms of nutrient differences.
February 2023
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60 Reads
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9 Citations
Polyploidization results in significant changes in the morphology and physiology of plants, with increased growth rate and genetic gains as the number of chromosomes increases. In this study, the leaf functional traits, photosynthetic characteristics, leaf cell structure and transcriptome of Camellia sinensis were analyzed. The results showed that triploid tea had a significant growth advantage over diploid tea, the leaf area was 59.81% larger, and the photosynthetic capacity was greater. The morphological structure of triploid leaves was significantly different, the xylem of the veins was more developed, the cell gap between the palisade tissue and the sponge tissue was larger and the stomata of the triploid leaves were also larger. Transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed that in triploid tea, the changes in leaf morphology and physiological characteristics were affected by the expression of certain key regulatory genes. We identified a large number of genes that may play important roles in leaf development, especially genes involved in photosynthesis, cell division, hormone synthesis and stomata development. This research will enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying tea and stomata development and provide a basis for molecular breeding of high-quality and high-yield tea varieties.
November 2022
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6 Reads
European Journal of Horticultural Science
November 2022
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63 Reads
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4 Citations
Industrial Crops and Products
Styphnolobium japonicum is an important industrial crop that is widely used as a source of flavonoids. In this study, the first chromosome-scale reference genome of S. japonicum was provided by combining Illumina and nanopore sequencing and high-throughput chromatin conformation capture technology. The genome of S. japonicum is 520 Mb and has an N50 contig that is 4.77 Mb. The contig could be clustered into 14 pseudochromosomes. A total of 32,551 genes that encode proteins were annotated in the genome. Comparative and phylogenetic analyses of the genome revealed the phylogenetic placement of this plant, which indicates that S. japonicum experienced two whole-genome duplication (WGD) events. The genes retained after the WGD were shared by members of the papilionoideae. A comparative genomic analysis revealed that the expansion and contraction of the flavonoid pathway gene families was the reason that the production of flavonoids was enhanced. This reference genome enabled the prediction of 17 genes that are involved in the flavonoid and lignin biosynthetic gene families. Collectively, S. japonicum could have undergone adaptive evolution to promote its growth by enhancing the production of flavonoids and altering the composition of lignin.
July 2022
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18 Reads
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5 Citations
Genomics
The magnoliid Litsea coreana has been the subject of a substantial amount of research owing to its production of many flavonoid metabolites, high food processing value, and a controversial phylogenetic position. For this study, we assembled a high-grade genome at the chromosome scale and annotation of L. coreana that was anchored to 12 chromosomes. The total genome was 1139.45 Mb, while the N50 scaffold was 97.18 Mb long. The analysis of phylogenetic trees constructed by different methods show that the phylogeny of Magnoliids is inconsistent, indicating that the differentiation process of monocots, eudicots, and Magnoliids still remains in dispute. An ancient whole-genome duplication (WGD) event was shown to have occurred before the Magnoliales and Laurels had differentiated. Subsequently, an independent WGD appeared in the Lauralean lineage. A total of 27 types of flavonoids were detected in all five tissues of L. coreana. Chalcone synthases (CHSs) that are responsible for production of flavonoids have been validated at the bioinformatics level. The retention of comparative genomic analyses of the CHS gene family showed that this family had contracted significantly in L. coreana. Our research further elaborated the evolution of Lauraceae and perfected the genetic basis of flavonoid biosynthesis in L. coreana. Significance statement Provides evidence that determines the evolutionary status of Magnoliids. The chalcone synthase gene family was significantly contracted in Litsea coreana.
December 2021
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143 Reads
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39 Citations
Horticulture Research
The ancient tea plant, as a precious natural resource and source of tea plant genetic diversity, is of great value for studying the evolutionary mechanism, diversification, and domestication of plants. The overall genetic diversity among ancient tea plants and the genetic changes that occurred during natural selection remain poorly understood. Here, we report the genome resequencing of eight different groups consisting of 120 ancient tea plants: six groups from Guizhou Province and two groups from Yunnan Province. Based on the 8,082,370 identified high-quality SNPs, we constructed phylogenetic relationships, assessed population structure, and performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Our phylogenetic analysis showed that the 120 ancient tea plants were mainly clustered into three groups and five single branches, which is consistent with the results of principal component analysis (PCA). Ancient tea plants were further divided into seven subpopulations based on genetic structure analysis. Moreover, it was found that the variation in ancient tea plants was not reduced by pressure from the external natural environment or artificial breeding (nonsynonymous/synonymous = 1.05). By integrating GWAS, selection signals, and gene function prediction, four candidate genes were significantly associated with three leaf traits, and two candidate genes were significantly associated with plant type. These candidate genes can be used for further functional characterization and genetic improvement of tea plants.
... This has fuelled its popularity, driven by a global focus on wellness (Huda et al., 2024;Kong et al., 2024). While tea production is a vital source of income in many developing nations, the industry, led by producers like China and India, faces challenges in meeting demand while maintaining quality (Arhin et al., 2024;Baite et al., 2024;Hu et al., 2024;Peng et al., 2024aPeng et al., , 2024b. This underscores the need for innovative and sustainable processing techniques to ensure consistent flavour and efficiency in tea production. ...
July 2024
Scientia Horticulturae
... With the discovery of specific germplasm resources and the increasing popularity of genomic and transcriptomic technologies, novel excellent alleles of NMTs have been discovered [18,54,80]. The content of purine alkaloids is highly correlated with the expression of related genes, especially NMTs; several transcription factors like CsMYB184, CsHB1, CsS40 and CsNAC7 have been discovered to positively regulate the NMTs and promote caffeine accumulation in tea plants [3,[81][82][83]. Furthermore, a study addressing homologue expression bias in the caffeine metabolic pathway of coffee plants revealed that pre-existing functional divergences between parents have significant effects on the phenotype of the offspring [84]. ...
August 2023
Horticulture Research
... Heavy metals alter the expression of key genes regulating the theanine metabolism [113]. Additionally, oxidative stress induced by heavy metals in tea plants at the cellular level can lead to the degradation of theanine and other amino acids, further affecting the quality of tea products [114,115] (Figure 2). ...
July 2023
Plants
... Herein, astragalin, kaempferol-3-glucuronide, and tribuloside belonged to flavonoids. Sheng et al. applied widely targeted metabolomics to identify the nutritional components of hawk tea 20 . The results showed that metabolites such as adenosine, astragalin, tribuloside, (-)-epicatechin, kaempferol, etc. are also the main components of TCHT and IHT 20 . ...
April 2023
Horticulturae
... A previous study investigated the nutritional quality-related molecular mechanisms of coix seed during breeding by this technique [13]. Furthermore, nutritional quality-related molecular mechanisms in different varieties of olive [14] and tea [15] have also been investigated through transcriptomic and proteomic techniques. The combined application of transcriptomic and proteomic approaches is widespread and diverse in its utilization. ...
March 2023
Gene
... Similar results were detected by Canellas et al. (2013) [21]. The modulation of the ATPF1B enzyme subunit should also be highlighted; F1B is an F-type H + transport ATPase βsubunit gene in ATP synthase, which, together with other genes, is functionally essential for carbon dioxide assimilation [56]. ...
February 2023
... Transcriptome-based gene identification is a widely adopted approach for studying genes involved in lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose biosynthesis. For example, Zhang et al. identified 20 lignin biosynthesis-related genes during the pigmentation process in Ziziphus jujube [47], and Chen et al. identified 42 lignin-related genes in Styphnolobium japonicum [48]. In the species of the genus Pinus, a larger number of genes associated with the biosynthesis of lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose have been reported. ...
November 2022
Industrial Crops and Products
... The assembly and annotation of a high-grade, chromosome-scale genome of L. coreana var. sinensis was recently accomplished, yet the resulting data remains unpublished [32]. RNA-seq based on high-throughput next-generation sequencing has been widely applied in plant studies, such as Pinus massoniana [33], and Camellia sinensis [34]. ...
July 2022
Genomics
... Through screening, Lu et al. identified four genes related to the plant size and leaf color of tea plant using GWAS. The results indicated that these genes were associated with the size, leaf color, etc [32]. Jiang et al. employed GWAS to identify aroma substances in 70 tea cultivars from Fujian province and Liu et al. revealed the phylogenetic relationships of four typical tea landraces from Hunan province [33][34][35]. ...
December 2021
Horticulture Research