Hosein Zahednezhad’s research while affiliated with Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and other places

Introduction There is some evidence comparing the efficacy of telehealth to in-person mental health care, but there is limited research specifically comparing these modalities in nurses. The study aimed to compare the effects of Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction (MBSR) and Internet-delivered Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction (iMBSR) on burden of psychosomatic symptoms of nurses working at Al-Alhamzeh general hospital, Aldiwaniyeh, Iraq. Methods The study was a semi-experiment study with a pre-posttest design on 72 registered nurses. Subjects were randomly allocated in group A, in-person MBSR and group B, internet-delivered MBSR. Intervention in two groups was held at 8 weekly sessions. The data collection instrument included sociodemographic, Patient Questionnaire Health-15 (PHQ-15), and General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12). Data were analyzed with SPSS version 24 by descriptive and non-parametric inferential tests. Results The study found that 50% of the nurses in both groups reported mild somatic symptoms, and 40% reported moderate symptoms, with the majority showing no signs of mental distress. A more significant reduction in GHQ scores compared to PHQ scores was observed from pre-to post-intervention. Notably, the online MBSR group showed a significant decrease in GHQ scores, both between groups (p = 0.04) and within the online MBSR group itself (p = 0.02), highlighting the greater impact of the intervention in this group. Conclusion The study highlights the positive effects of both in-person and online MBSR interventions on reducing depressive symptoms and improving mental health outcomes among nurses. Online MBSR, in particular, shows promise in addressing medically unexplained symptoms and enhancing mental well-being.

Background Although psychological contract breach is linked to various significant organizational consequences, few studies have explored the antecedents of this important concept within the nursing field. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between perceived organizational justice and psychological contract breach among clinical nurses. Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study included 328 inpatient ward nurses from six teaching hospitals in Tehran, Iran. Clinical nurses were selected through multistage random sampling. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, the Niehoff and Moorman (1993) Organizational Justice Questionnaire, and the Robinson and Morrison (2000) Psychological Contract Breach Questionnaire.Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 21 using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression analysis. Results The findings revealed that procedural justice (P < 0.001; β=-0.20) and interactional justice (P < 0.001; β=-0.47) explained 41% of the variance in psychological contract breach among nursing staff. Conclusions The results identified interactional and procedural justice as the most significant dimensions of organizational justice in explaining nurses’ perceived psychological contract breach. Therefore, healthcare managers should prioritize fair decision-making processes and interactions with nurses to mitigate ' perceived the psychological contract breach.

Background Considering the vital role of nurses in responding to disasters, it is essential to measure their readiness with a valid and reliable tool. The present study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the Farsi version of the Disaster Nursing Readiness Evaluation Index (F-DNREI). Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted between 2023 and 2024 among 200 nurses working at educational hospitals affiliated with one of the medical universities in Tehran, Iran. The Disaster Nursing Readiness Evaluation Index was translated into Persian. The face, content, and construct validity, as well as internal consistency, were analyzed. Results In the exploratory factor analysis, five factors were extracted: practical skills for disaster response, adaptability to stressful situations at the disaster site, communication and cooperation skills for teamwork, emergency nursing skills, and effective coping with daily stress. Together, these factors accounted for 39.7% of the total variance. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the extracted model fit well: CMIN/DF = 1.519, CFI = 0.889, RMSEA = 0.051. The Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega coefficients for the entire questionnaire were 0.890 and 0.891, respectively. Conclusions Given that Iran is frequently exposed to disasters, it becomes essential to assess the preparedness of Iranian nurses using a valid and reliable scale. The availability of the Farsi version of the Disaster Nursing Readiness Evaluation Index (F-DNREI), which has undergone validation and reliability testing, facilitates accurate measurement of this concept.

Social function is an important concept in the mental and social health of older adults, and personality is a factor that drives many activities and communications. But their relationship is not explained. This study aims to determine the relationships between personality characteristics and social function in older adults. This is a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study. We entered 550 eligible community-dwelling older adults through multi-stage cluster sampling in the study. The data were collected through the Big Five Inventory-44 (BFI-44) and Social Adaptation Self-evaluation Scale (SASS). Data were analyzed using SPSS software v.16 via t-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation and multiple linear regression. There was a significant positive correlation between all personality characteristics and social function (p < .01). Age (β = -0.12), extraversion (β = 0.20), neuroticism (β = -0.11), openness to experience (β = 0.35), and conscientiousness (β = 0.16) are able to explain the variance of quality of activities, but agreeableness was ineffective. Also, quality of relationships variance is explained by age (β = -0.08), extraversion (β = 0.21), neuroticism (β = -0.12), openness to experience (β = 0.28), agreeableness (β = 0.11) and conscientiousness (β = 0.14). The changes in social function are predictable by BFI. Neuroticism has a negative effect on both the quality of relationships and the quality of activities, but agreeableness does not affect the quality of activities.

Background: Repeated contact with patients with COVID‑19 and working in quarantine conditions has made health workers vulnerable to psychological distress during the COVID‑19 pandemic. The goal of the present systematic review and meta‑analysis was to examine the prevalence of the various psychological distresses among health workers during the COVID‑19 pandemic. Methods: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched for access to papers examining psychological distress among healthcare workers during the COVID‑19 pandemic. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS). Heterogeneity among the studies was examined using the Cochran’s Q test; because heterogeneity was significant, the random effects model was used to examine the prevalence of psychological distress. Results: Overall, 12 studies with a total sample size of 5265 were eligible and included in the analysis. Prevalence rates of depression, anxiety, and PTSD were 20% (95% CI: 14–27), 23% (95% CI: 18–27), and 8% (95% CI: 6–9), respectively. The highest prevalence rates of depression and anxiety were related to the SDS and the GAD‑7, respectively, and the lowest prevalence rates of the two aforementioned variables were related to the DASS‑21. Conclusions: The high prevalence of psychological distress among healthcare workers during the COVID‑19 epidemic can have negative effects on their health and the quality of services provided. Therefore, training coping strategies for psychological distress in this pandemic seems necessary.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic and the increased workload and stress associated with the disease prevalence have posed a high risk of burnout to nurses. The effects of the workplace and environmental factors on resilience and burnout among nursing professionals have not been investigated in Iran. Objective: Present study aimed to assess a model linking quality of work-life to the resilience and various dimensions of burnout among Iranian nursing professionals based on the health service workplace environmental resilience model. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study performed on 202 Iranian nurses employed in three educational hospitals. Maslach burnout inventory, Brooks' quality of nursing work-life survey, and an abbreviated version of the Connor-Davidson resilience scale were used to collect data. The correlation between the study variables was assessed by conducting path analysis in AMOS 22. Results: The final model demonstrated adequate fit. The quality of working life indirectly affected burnout via a direct impact on nursing professionals' resilience (p <0.001, β = 0.39). In addition, resilience had negative, significant effects on all the dimensions of job burnout. The quality of work-life also had negative and significant effects on emotional exhaustion (p <0.001, β = -0.38) and reduced personal accomplishment (p <0.001, β = - 0.38). Conclusion: Resilience and quality of work-life are protective variables against burnout in nursing professionals. Nursing managers can increase resilience and decrease burnout among nursing professionals by adopting policies that can improve the quality of work life.

Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the effects of various job stressors on caring behaviours of nursing staff. Design: A cross-sectional nationwide study. Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive-correlational study was conducted on 260 nurses employed in the inpatient wards of seven teaching hospitals in Tehran, Iran during December 2019-February 2020. The participants were selected via convenience sampling. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, the nursing stress scale and the caring behaviours inventory. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 20 using descriptive statistics and linear regression analysis. Results: The results of regression analysis indicated that job stress is correlated with nurses' caring behaviours (β = -.36; p = .001). Factors such as workload (β = -.27; p = .001), uncertainty about patient treatment (β = -.26; p = .017) and lack of emotional preparation (β = -.20; p = .017) were the important stressors associated with nurses' caring behaviours. Conclusions: According to the results, high levels of perceived job stress due to workload, uncertainty about patient treatment and lack of emotional preparation are associated with lower levels of nurses' caring behaviours. Impacts: The findings of this study showed that to provide patients with optimal caring behaviours, hospital and nursing managers should design interventions to reduce nurses' job stressors, especially in terms of their interactions with their colleagues and physicians.

Introduction Domestic violence (social, legal, and health violence) is the most common type of violence against women. Due to factors such as the current quarantine, this type of violence has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study aimed to assess the frequency of domestic violence against women and identify the risk factor among Iranian women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods This online cross-sectional study was conducted on 203 Iranian women during May–June 2020. Data were collected using a domestic violence questionnaire, which measured three forms of violence, including physical, emotional, and sexual violence. A link of the questionnaire was distributed among anonymous subjects through social networking apps, such as WhatsApp and Telegram. The subjects were asked to complete the questionnaire based on their experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and a regression model. Results The descriptive results showed that the mean domestic violence against women in all the participants was 34.9 (SD: 17.28). In addition, 26.6% ( n = 84), 26.1% ( n = 53), and 21.2% of the subjects ( n = 43) experienced high levels of physical, emotional, and sexual violence during the COVID-19 pandemic, respectively. The regression model also indicated that lower age, illiteracy/primary education, previous marriage(s), and unwanted/unwise marriage were the significant risk factors for domestic violence against women. Conclusion According to the results, domestic violence against women is common among Iranian women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, strategies are urgently needed to prevent and minimize such domestic violence, and such strategies could be adopted through providing educational opportunities, raising awareness, promoting wanted/wise marriage, and providing social support and rehabilitation opportunities to vulnerable social groups, especially vulnerable women.

Background Moral sensitivity creates the basic attitude in providing effective ethical care to patients. Heavy mental workload is a major concern of critical care nursing professionals, which could adversely affect nursing staff and patients. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of mental workload and some demographic variables on the moral sensitivity of critical care nursing professionals. Methods This cross-sectional, descriptive-correlational study was performed on 181 nursing professionals working in the critical care units of Shahid Rajaei Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center in Tehran, Iran. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, the moral sensitivity questionnaire, and the NASA-task load index to assess mental workload. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 22 using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, Pearson’s correlation-coefficient, and regression analysis. Results The results of regression analysis yielded no statistical significant relationship between heavy mental workload and moral sensitivity of the critical care nursing professionals, while clinical experience had a positive, significant association with moral sensitivity. Conclusions Although care nursing professionals experience a heavy mental workload in critical care units, it does not decrease their moral sensitivity. In addition, experienced nurses have higher moral sensitivity and lower mental workload. Therefore, it seems that nursing managers should pay special attention to the importance of employing experienced nurses along with younger nurses.