Ho-Sung Yoon’s research while affiliated with Kyungpook National University and other places

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Publications (125)


Fig. 1. Schematic of the substrate of the attached algae culture system. (A) The schematic of attaching materials. (B) Actual photograph of the attached system.
Fig. 2. Comparison of the attachment performance of microalgae grown on the surface of different attaching materials.
Fig. 5. Fatty acid methyl ester profile of the attached (A) and suspended (B) systems.
Comparison of the attaching materials, areas, working volumes, culture media, illumination, microalgal species, biomass productivity, and harvesting method of attached growth systems.
Characterization of Protosiphon botryoides KNUA219 Isolated from Dokdo Island as a Potential Biofuel Resource
  • Article
  • Full-text available

February 2025

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17 Reads

Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology

Hae-Seo Noh

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Ho-Seong Suh

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Ho-Sung Yoon

The increasing demand for sustainable and eco-friendly energy sources has intensified research into alternative biofuel feedstocks. Microalgae, recognized for their rapid growth and production of high-value products, have emerged as promising candidates for third-generation biofuels. This study evaluates the potential of Protosiphon botryoides KNUA219, a microalga isolated from Dokdo Island, South Korea, as a biodiesel feedstock. Molecular and morphological analyses confirmed its identity, while growth experiments demonstrated its species-specific physiological characteristics, including an optimal pH range of 5−7, limited salinity tolerance, and high biomass productivity. Biochemical analysis revealed significant levels of carbohydrates (30.42 ± 1.65%), proteins (26.18 ± 1.14%), and lipids (14.86 ± 0.33%) in P. botryoides KNUA219, with glucose and galactose as the dominant monosaccharides. Fatty acid methyl ester profiling identified a lipid composition consisting of saturated (20.54%), monounsaturated (19.03%), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (42.65%), with palmitic, oleic, and linolenic acids as key components. Biodiesel quality assessments indicated compliance with critical standards for cetane number and cold filter plugging point, although optimization was required for iodine value and density. Proximate and ultimate analyses revealed favorable energy properties, including a high volatile matter content (88.94 ± 0.33%) and a calorific value of 23.11 ± 0.11 MJ/kg. These findings establish P. botryoides KNUA219 as a promising and sustainable resource for biodiesel production, while highlighting its potential for broader industrial applicability.

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Treatment of Swine Wastewater Using the Domestic Microalga Halochlorella rubescens KNUA214 for Bioenergy Production and Carotenoid Extraction

December 2024

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27 Reads

The management of swine wastewater (SW) presents significant environmental challenges, requiring solutions that combine effective treatment with resource recovery. This study highlights the dual role of microalgae in wastewater remediation and bioenergy production. H. rubescens KNUA214 was cultivated in media containing varying concentrations of diluted swine wastewater (DSW; 0%, 25%, 50%, and 100%). Cultivating with Blue Green-11 (BG-11) medium + 50% DSW maximized biomass growth, the chlorophyll content, and carotenoid production. Nutrient removal efficiency in 100% DSW over 8 days demonstrated reductions of 59.3% in total nitrogen, 67.7% in ammonia nitrogen, and 40.7% in total phosphorus, confirming the species’ capacity for effective wastewater treatment. The carotenoid analysis using HPLC revealed that astaxanthin, lutein, canthaxanthin, and beta-carotene exhibited the highest levels in BG-11 + 50% DSW. Furthermore, the biomass analyses confirmed its potential for bioenergy applications, with high calorific values and significant polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations, enhancing its utility for bioenergy and biolubricant production. These findings position H. rubescens KNUA214 as an effective resource for integrating SW management with the sustainable production of high-value biochemicals, offering environmental and economic benefits.


Map of the sampling sites on the southern coast of the Korean Peninsula. The locations of the sampled estuaries in Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea, are shown in the black box. The colored square symbols indicate: Mukgok (red square, 35°03’00.8"N 128°00’44.3"E, 1172 − 340, Hwandeok-ri, Gonyang-myeon, Sacheon-si), Jangchi (green square, 34°56’36.7"N 128°14’48.1"E, 993-8, Sambong-ri, Samsan-myeon, Goseong-gun), Changseon (purple square, 34°51’56.1"N 128°00’59.4"E, 10 − 1, Sangjuk-ri, Changseon-myeon, Namhae-gun), Sagok (orange square, 34°55’17.7"N 128°07’16.3"E, 706-5, Deokho-ri, Hai-myeon, Goseong-gun), and Songpo (blue square, 34°58’14.3"N 128°03’00.4"E, 1510-14 Songpo-dong, Sacheon-si)
Taxonomy of the diatom species detected via microscopy and Illumina MiSeq. At the class level, the detected species belonging to Bacillariophyceae, Coscinodiscophyceae, Fragilariophyceae, and Mediophyceae are marked in red, blue, green, and purple, respectively. Species unclassified at the class level are marked in yellow. The data underlying all the diagrams indicated in this figure can be found in Table S1
Images of diatoms obtained via light microscopy. 1–40. (1) Nitzschia frustulum, (2) Nitzschia inconspicua, (3) Nitzschia intermedia, (4) Cocconeis pediculus, (5) Cocconeis scutellum var. parva, (6) Cocconeis lineata, (7) Cocconeis scutellum, (8) Gomphonema acuminatum (9) Gomphoneis clevei, (10) Gomphonema turris, 11. Gomphonema gracile, 12. Gomphonema parvulum, 13. Rhoicosphenia abbreviata, 14. Planothidium lanceolatum, 15. Navicula gregaria, 16. Navicula perminuta, 17. Sellaphora bacillum, 18. Hippodonta linearis, 19. Navicula cryptocephala, 20. Navicula cryptotenella, 21. Sellaphora pupula, 22. Humidophila contenta, 23. Navicula minima, 24. Navicula capitata, 25. Mayamaea permitis, 26. Craticula subminuscula, 27. Navicula peregrina, 28. Navicula viridula, 29. Navicula trivialis, 30. Navicula tripunctata, 31. Navicula tenelloides, 32. Pinnularia gibba, 33. Navicula zanonii, 34. Pseudofallacia tenera, 35. Melosira varians, 36. Melosira discigera, 37. Neidiomorpha binodis, 38. Staurosira venter, 39. Jousea elliptica, 40. Staurosirella pinnata. Scale bars = 10 µm
Phylogenetic tree of diatoms detected using Illumina MiSeq. Numbers at the nodes indicate bootstrap probabilities (more than 50%) for the ML analyses (1000 replicates). The dominant species found in each sample are marked with blue letters and boxes
Composition of the diatom communities at the genus level for each sample analyzed via microscopy and Illumina MiSeq, showing the relative abundance of the detected diatom genera. Genra (Bacillaria, Denticula, Psammodictyon, Pseudo-nitzschia, Tryblionella, Achnanthidium, Astartiella, Cymbella, Planothidium, Naviculales, Amphipleura, Halamphora, Diadesmis, Luticola, Diploneidaceae, Diploneis, Caloneis, Fistulifera, Haslea, Hippodonta, Mayamaea, Gyrosigma, Pleurosigma, Sellaphora, Stauroneis, Epithemia, Chaetoceros, Stephanopyxis, Guinardia, Skeletonema, Discostella, Cyclotella, Minidiscus, Thalassiosira, Asterionellopsis, Gedaniella, Meridion, Stauroforma, Synedra, Neodelphineis, Hydrosera, Minutocellus, Odontella, Cerataulina) with relative abundance less than 5% were categorized in the Others group. The data underlying all the diagrams shown in this figure can be found in Table S1
Comparison of Metabarcoding and Microscopy Methodologies to Analyze Diatom Communities in Five Estuaries Along the Southern Coast of the Korean Peninsula

July 2024

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102 Reads

Microbial Ecology

The study of microalgal communities is critical for understanding aquatic ecosystems. These communities primarily comprise diatoms (Heterokontophyta), with two methods commonly used to study them: Microscopy and metabarcoding. However, these two methods often deliver different results; thus, their suitability for analyzing diatom communities is frequently debated and evaluated. This study used these two methods to analyze the diatom communities in identical water samples and compare the results. The taxonomy of the species constituting the diatom communities was confirmed, and both methods showed that species belonging to the orders Bacillariales and Naviculales (class Bacillariophyceae) are the most diverse. In the lower taxonomic levels (family, genus, and species), microscopy tended to show a bias toward detecting diatom species (Nitzschia frustulum, Nitzschia inconspicua, Nitzschia intermedia, Navicula gregaria, Navicula perminuta, Navicula recens, Navicula sp.) belonging to the Bacillariaceae and Naviculaceae families. The results of the two methods differed in identifying diatom species in the communities and analyzing their structural characteristics. These results are consistent with the fact that diatoms belonging to the genera Nitzschia and Navicula are abundant in the communities; furthermore, only the Illumina MiSeq data showed the abundance of the Melosira and Entomoneis genera. The results obtained from microscopy were superior to those of Illumina MiSeq regarding species-level identification. Based on the results obtained via microscopy and Illumina MiSeq, it was revealed that neither method is perfect and that each has clear strengths and weaknesses. Therefore, to analyze diatom communities effectively and accurately, these two methods should be combined. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00248-024-02396-x.


Comparison of Illumina MiSeq and microscopy methodologies for the analysis of diatom communities in five estuaries along the southern coast of the Korean Peninsula

March 2024

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85 Reads

The study of microalgal communities is critical for understanding aquatic ecosystems. These communities are primarily composed of diatoms (Bacillariophyta), and two methods are commonly used to study them: microscopy and Illumina MiSeq. These two methods are distinct, and their differences are reflected in the results they yield. Thus, their suitability for analyzing diatom communities is often debated and evaluated. In this study, these two methods were used to analyze the diatom communities in the same water samples, and the results obtained were compared. The taxonomy of the species constituting the diatom communities was confirmed, and both methods showed that the species belonging to the Bacillariales and Naviculales orders (class Bacillariophyceae) are diverse. However, at the lower taxonomic levels (family, genus, and species), microscopy tended to show a bias toward detecting diatom species belonging to the Bacillariaceae and Naviculaceae families. The results obtained from the two methods differed in terms of the identification of each diatom present in the communities and the analysis of their structural characteristics. These results are consistent with the fact that diatoms belonging to the Nitzschia and Navicula genera are abundant in the communities, furthermore, only the Illumina MiSeq showed the abundance of the Melosira , Entomonis , and Amphiprora genera. Although the results obtained from microscopy tended to be biased, they were superior to those of Illumina MiSeq regarding species-level identification. Based on the results obtained via microscopy and Illumina MiSeq, it was revealed that neither method is perfect and that each has clear strengths and weaknesses. Therefore, for the effective and accurate analysis of diatom communities, it is desirable to combine the two methods.


Sargassum horneri drift as a soil amendment for soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) and its effects on microbiome composition

February 2024

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119 Reads

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1 Citation

Sargassum horneri which seasonally enters East Asian waters frequently leads to negative economic consequences despite its ecological importance. It damages vessel engines and fishing gear and releases hydrogen sulfide and ammonia as it rots. Traditionally, seaweed drifts have been used as fertilizers in certain coastal areas in Korea, but there have been no scientific reports regarding this kind of application of seaweeds. Hence, this study attempted to use Sargassum biomass as a soil amendment by monitoring soil properties and microbiome changes and soybean growth in Sargassum-added soil. Our results suggested that the addition of S. horneri biomass to soil improved soil physicochemical properties such as cation exchange capacity (CEC) levels that represents soil’s capacity to retain cations leading to more soil fertility. As (max. value 24.97 mg kg⁻¹) and Cd (max. value 0.58 mg kg⁻¹) concentration increases were notable in the soil, but all the metal levels were well below the Korean soil quality standards for agricultural uses except for As (25 mg kg⁻¹ limit) which is just a little lower than the limit. Diversity index results indicated that fungal and bacterial diversities were affected by the amount of Sargassum added. Our study demonstrated that seasonal drifts of S. horneri could be used as an excellent soil amendment. Moreover, Glycine max (L.) Merr. cultivation experiments suggested that 4% of S. horneri was the optimal amount to enhance soybean growth in agricultural practice.


Cattle wastewater treatment using green microalga Coelastrella sp. KNUA068 as a promising bioenergy feedstock with enhanced biodiesel quality

January 2024

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116 Reads

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8 Citations

Water Science & Technology

Global water scarcity increased the demand for clean water, leading to attention on microalgae-based biological treatment for wastewater due to economic feasibility and sustainable biomass applications. This study isolated indigenous microalga Coelastrella sp. KNUA068 from a wastewater treatment plant, observed its admissible growth rate in diluted cattle wastewater (DCW), and used it for wastewater treatment analysis. The microalga showed high growth rates in indoor and outdoor cultivation with 100% DCW. In addition, the ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen removal rates of the microalga were 69.97 and 60.35%, respectively, in indoor cultivation, and 50.63 and 67.20%, respectively, in outdoor cultivation. Carotenoid content analysis revealed lutein as the highest productivity carotenoid, and zeaxanthin production was higher in outdoor cultivation. The biomass exhibited suitable biodiesel quality with a cetane number of 50.8 for high-quality biodiesel production. Coelastrella sp. KNUA068 demonstrates potential for bioenergy feedstock, carotenoid production, and wastewater treatment.


Fig. 1. Phylogenetic relationships of Limnothrix redekei KNUA012 and related organisms.
Fig. 2. a) Light microscopy images of Limnothrix redekei KNUA012. The cell diameter ranged from 10 μm depending on the growth stage. Live cells were visualized at magnifications of 400 × (left panel) and 1,000 × (right panel) under a microscope equipped with differential interference contrast optics. b) Growth curves of Limnothrix redekei KNUA012 at 5-35°C (at intervals of 5°C).
The Prokaryotic Microalga Limnothrix redekei KNUA012 to Improve Aldehyde Decarbonylase Expression for Use as a Biological Resource

September 2023

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114 Reads

Polish Journal of Microbiology

The prokaryotic microalga Limnothrix redekei KNUA012 isolated from a freshwater bloom sample from Lake Hapcheon, Hapcheon-gun, South Korea, was investigated for its potential as a biofuel feedstock. Microalgae produce straight-chain alkanes/alkenes from acyl carrier protein-linked fatty acyls via aldehyde decarbonylase (AD; EC 1.2.1.3), which can convert aldehyde intermediates into various biofuel precursors, such as alkanes and free fatty acids. In L. redekei KNUA012, long-chain ADs can convert fatty aldehyde intermediates into alkanes. After heterologous AD expression in Escherichia coli (pET28-AD), we identified an AD in L. redekei KNUA012 that can synthesize various alkanes, such as pentadecane (C 15 H 32 ), 8-heptadecene (C 17 H 34 ), and heptadecane (C 17 H 36 ). These alkanes can be directly used as fuels without transesterification. Biodiesel constituents including dodecanoic acid (C 13 H 26 O 2 ), tetradecanoic acid (C 15 H 30 O 2 ), 9-hexa decenoic acid (C 17 H 32 O 2 ), palmitoleic acid (C 17 H 32 O 2 ), hexadecanoic acid (C 17 H 34 O 2 ), 9-octadecenoic acid (C 19 H 36 O 2 ), and octadecanoic acid (C 19 H 38 O 2 ) are produced by L. redekei KNUA012 as the major fatty acids. Our findings suggest that Korean domestic L. redekei KNUA012 is a promising resource for microalgae-based biofuels and biofuel feedstock.


OsHSP 17.9, a Small Heat Shock Protein, Confers Improved Productivity and Tolerance to High Temperature and Salinity in a Natural Paddy Field in Transgenic Rice Plants

April 2023

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96 Reads

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12 Citations

Various abiotic stress factors, such as high temperatures and salinity, have a significant impact on the development and growth of crop plants and ultimately impact crop yield. Previous studies have reported that overexpression of heat-shock-protein (HSP) genes in transgenic plants can enhance stress tolerance under controlled conditions in laboratories and greenhouses. Despite the significance of multiple environmental stressors on plants in natural paddy fields, there is still a lack of research regarding the contribution of HSP genes to stress tolerance and crop yield. In this study, we cloned and characterized the function of OsHSP 17.9, an HSP gene from Oryza sativa, in rice plants grown under diverse conditions. Our results showed that overexpressing OsHSP 17.9 in rice plants enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes under high-temperature and salinity stresses. Moreover, transgenic rice plants overexpressing OsHSP 17.9 exhibited significantly improved adaptability after transplantation from greenhouses to natural paddy fields. In particular, OsHSP 17.9-overexpressing transgenic rice plants established improved agronomic traits and increased grain yields even under unfavorable natural-paddy-field conditions. These results suggest that OsHSP 17.9 transgenic plants can be a promising strategy for cultivating crops in adverse environmental conditions.


Citations (72)


... Untreated control, pathogen-inoculated plants, T. orientale treated, R. aquatilis treated, and R. aquatilis + T. orientale were used. Disease severity was estimated based on a 0-5 scale of necrosis in the leaves and stems of infected plants (Yeo et al. 2024). ...

Reference:

Synergistic effects of Rahnella aquatilis and Trichoderma orientale in biocontrol of common bacterial blight in bean
Sargassum horneri drift as a soil amendment for soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) and its effects on microbiome composition

... Predominance of palmitic acid (C16:0), oleic acid (C18:1), and α-linolenic acids (C18:3) was also observed during cultivation of Coelastrella sp. in diluted cattle wastewater, indicating its high potential to be used as biodiesel feedstock with high cetane number [56]. A cetane number between 41 and 58 was also reported in biodiesel extracted from Coelastrella sp. by adjusting the photoperiod, light intensity, and salinity during the cultivation process [33]. ...

Cattle wastewater treatment using green microalga Coelastrella sp. KNUA068 as a promising bioenergy feedstock with enhanced biodiesel quality

Water Science & Technology

... Under HS, high molecular weight HSPs and small HSPs in rice function synergistically to protect the structure and function of intracellular proteins, thereby enhancing rice heat tolerance (Liu, Tseng, and Wu 2023a;Do et al. 2023;Kim and An 2013). During HS, the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum activates the expression of OsNTL3 and OsbZIP74, improving rice's ability to respond to HS (Figure 2) (Liu et al. 2020a). ...

OsHSP 17.9, a Small Heat Shock Protein, Confers Improved Productivity and Tolerance to High Temperature and Salinity in a Natural Paddy Field in Transgenic Rice Plants

... Do et al. isolated Graesiella emersonii from freshwater samples collected on Ulleungdo Island, South Korea, as part of their study on its biodiesel properties. They characterized FAME profile of this isolated strain and reported that it produced only 40.25% polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which is significantly lower than the PUFA content of the current isolate, G. emersonii LDC-1 (61.7%) (16) . ...

Effect of salt stress on the biomass productivity and potential bioenergy feedstock of Graesiella emersonii KNUA204 isolated from Ulleungdo Island, South Korea

... Relatively poor performances were obtained for ketoprofen, fluconazole (Faria et al. 2022), clarithromycin, metoprolol, oxazepam, propranolol, tramadol, andvenlafaxine (Burzio et al. 2022). Some of these compounds are well-known recalcitrant compounds that are highly stable during wastewater treatment (Do et al. 2022) because of their structural complexity. The removal of pharmaceuticals by biomass typically presents very low removal rates, and better results can be obtained by coupling a bioremoval process with ozonation. ...

Enhancement of carbamazepine removal rate using Tetradesmus obliquus KNUA061 and NaOCl and utilization of the resulting biomass

... eukaryotes. Compared with eukaryotic microbial communities, prokaryotes in these prawn farms were more varied and had a higher species richness [85]. ...

The microbial communities (bacteria, algae, zooplankton, and fungi) improved biofloc technology including the nitrogen-related material cycle in Litopenaeus vannamei farms

... This finding suggests that increased expression of DHAR, which is responsible for the recycling of AsA, may improve both the recycling and the redox status of AsA in plants, ultimately leading to an increase in plant stress resistance (Chen et al. 2003). The overexpression of the DHAR gene in rice improved plant resistance to salt stress (Ushimaru et al. 2006) and improved agronomic traits and environmental adaptation (Kim et al. 2022). Notably, the DHAR gene overexpression in tobacco, tomato, Arabidopsis thaliana, and rice improved plant tolerance to salt, drought, and paraquat stresses, with subsequent gains in grain yield and biomass (Hao et al. 2019;Chang et al. 2017;Qin et al. 2015;Kim et al. 2014). ...

Over-Expression of Dehydroascorbate Reductase Improves Salt Tolerance, Environmental Adaptability and Productivity in Oryza sativa

... Through photosynthesis, these organisms convert sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into oxygen and organic matter, such as sugars. In the artificial environment of a photobioreactor, this process is meticulously controlled [24,25]. ...

Effect of Different Cultivation Modes (Photoautotrophic, Mixotrophic, and Heterotrophic) on the Growth of Chlorella sp. and Biocompositions

... Therefore, this suggests that the mixotrophic condition is a more suitable cultivation method than the photoautotrophic condition for producing biomass for SFA or MUFA (Mansouri and Nezhad, 2020). In previous studies, it has been demonstrated that the lipids of microalgae biomass can be enhanced through an organic carbon source (Mansouri and Nezhad, 2020;Yun et al., 2021). Microalgae cannot only utilize this external organic carbon as an energy source but also store it in the body in the form of lipids by utilizing it for lipid synthesis (Mansouri and Nezhad, 2020;Yun et al., 2021). ...

Enhancement of Biomass Production in Colony-Forming Green Algae, Botryosphaerella sudetica, Under Mixotrophic Cultivation

... Do et al. [96] focused on the possibility of using municipal WWs as a growth medium for 22 microalgae strains, with the main aim of targeting FAs for biofuel production. Only two strains, Desmodesmus sp. ...

Biological treatment of reverse osmosis concentrate by microalgae cultivation and utilization of the resulting algal biomass
  • Citing Article
  • May 2021

Journal of Water Process Engineering