November 1991
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27 Reads
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143 Citations
Modern Language Journal
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November 1991
·
27 Reads
·
143 Citations
Modern Language Journal
... No subject-verb agreement markers exist, as observed in subject-drop languages, such as Spanish or Italian, which enable the listener to understand the referent of the null subject, although the honorific or passive forms can indicate the agent of the action (Yoshimura and MacWhinney 2010). In principle, pronouns or the syntactic replacement of NPs do not exist in the language (Iwasaki 2013;Shibatani 1990), although there are different strategies for replacing NPs, e.g., by utilizing deictic pronouns before nouns (e.g., sono hito "that person") or the English translation of third-person pronouns (kare "he" and kanojo "she"). Although first-and second-person pronouns do exist, they are close to lexical items, and the choice is determined by sociolinguistic conditions (Shibatani 1990). ...
November 1991
Modern Language Journal