Hernan Galperin's research while affiliated with University of Southern California and other places
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Publications (72)
Facilitated by the increased availability of affordable broadband Internet, individuals around the world are taking language lessons online from private tutors. A large proportion of online language tutoring takes place through online teaching platforms (OTPs), which are two-sided online markets that connect individual learners and tutors for piece...
This study examines the impact of broadband deployment on labor income and employment (in both level and composition) in rural Ecuador. The analysis spans the 2011 to 2019 period, during which the share of rural households covered by high-speed broadband increased from 14.5% to 83%. The empirical strategy exploits variations in the timing of networ...
How does live instruction relate to student engagement in distance learning? Does the relationship differ across grade levels? This study addresses these questions by examining data from a random sample of families from a large urban school district in southern California. We find a strong correlation between live instruction and student engagement...
There is a vast literature that examines the determinants of the gender digital gap in developing countries, and puts forth policy recommendations to mitigate it. However, few studies examine how gender differences in labor force participation and employment patterns affect ICT adoption in general, or Internet use in particular. This matters becaus...
This article considers the burgeoning online market for language learning as representative of an emerging form of Internet-enabled pop cosmopolitanism. The analysis is based upon a survey-experiment conducted on one of the world’s largest online language learning platforms. Drawing on theories of media globalization, cosmopolitanism and language i...
Regulatory and market changes in residential (fixed) broadband have raised concerns about Internet Service Providers (ISPs) prioritizing investments in the most profitable areas, thus relegating low-income and minority communities to fewer broadband options and legacy networks. This study examines these concerns for Los Angeles (LA) County during t...
Since 2008, the California Emerging Technology Fund (CETF) has conducted a statewide survey to assess California’s progress towards closing the divide in broadband connectivity across the state. Over the years, the results have shown a steady increase in broadband adoption, though the gains have been uneven across regions and groups. With the onset...
School campus closures due to COVID-19 forced transition to remote learning in March 2020, which continues in Fall 2020. Remote learning measures presents multiple challenges for low-income, minority families, and these families have been disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 crisis. We sought to understand the challenges they faced, includin...
Existe una amplia literatura que examina los determinantes de la brecha digital de género en los países en desarrollo y presenta recomendaciones de políticas para mitigarla. Sin embargo, pocos trabajos han estudiado cómo las diferencias de género en patrones de empleo afectan la adopción de TIC en general, y el uso de Internet en particular. Esto e...
This study explores mobile phone use among people experiencing homelessness in downtown Los Angeles. It explores usage patterns and connectivity challenges, and how these affect access to social services as well as opportunities for information seeking, skills building, and social capital formation. To characterize the unreliable conditions under w...
This study examines gender segregation in the context of the so-called gig economy. In particular, it explores the role that stereotypes about male and female occupations play in sorting men and women into different jobs in an online freelance marketplace. The findings suggest that gender stereotypes are particularly salient in online hiring becaus...
Scholars have observed that children can promote Internet adoption among adults by positively influencing skills acquisition. However, it is also possible that children discourage online engagement by adults, who may lean on them to act as proxy users. Both processes have been theorized, but the net result of these opposite effects has not been emp...
Based on the assumption that increased access to internet services boosts economic growth and improves the well-being of the poor, governments in both developed and emerging regions are heavily investing in internet connectivity projects. This article reviews the existing evidence as to the impact of internet technologies on various development dim...
This paper offers an overview of the changes in the Internet interconnection regime in the past decade and their key implications for the development of Internet infrastructure in developing regions based on the Latin American experience. The main argument presented is that changes in market conditions and Internet traffic patterns over the past de...
Until recently, internet governance was a relatively obscure topic in most technology policy agendas in Latin America. But in mid-2013, revelations about widespread surveillance of internet communications dramatically transformed conversations about the issue. The work addresses the institutional consolidation of emerging experiences in national co...
Bolivia, a landlocked emerging country in South America, has one of the
smallest networks in the whole Internet. Before the IXP implementation,
delivering packets between national ISPs had to be sent them through
international transit links. Being aware of this situation and looking for
increasing the number of users, Bolivian government enacted a...
In this paper we study the impact of the implementation of an IXP in the city of La Paz, Bolivia. The case has some desirable characteristics. First, Bolivia ranks at or near the bottom in Internet development (however measured) in Latin America, and thus presents a fertile environment in which the benefits of an IXP should be readily observed. Sec...
Governments are investing heavily on Internet connectivity projects, based on the assumption that increased access to Internet services will accelerate economic growth and improve the wellbeing of the poor. This paper reviews the existing evidence about the impact of Internet diffusion on various development dimensions, and articulates the empirica...
Information and communication have always opened opportunities for the poor to earn income, reduce isolation, and respond resiliently to emergencies. With mobile phone use exploding across the developing world, even marginalized communities are now benefiting from modern communication tools.
This book explores the impacts of this unprecedented tec...
In this study the authors analyze fixed broadband retail prices in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), and provide estimates about the effect of price changes on broadband adoption. The analysis is based on a survey of plans and tariffs conducted by the authors during Q2 2010. Their results suggest that fixed broadband services in LAC are genera...
Purpose
– The ambitious government initiatives currently underway to accelerate broadband development indicate a major shift from the consensus that prevailed during the 1990 s in the telecommunications sector. To what extent does this change represent a return to the period before market liberalization and the privatization of government‐run telec...
La creciente inversión pública en el despliegue de nueva infraestructura de red y las ambiciosas iniciativas de gobierno para el desarrollo de los servicios de banda ancha en América Latina son señales de un cambio en el rol del Estado en el sector de telecomunicaciones. En este capítulo se hace un análisis comparativo de los objetivos, instrumento...
The debate about the digital divide in the field of Internet use and broadband has, in large part, been generated around statistics of households that own a computer and have purchased a broadband subscription (in other words, service penetration). As a result, the political discussion and public dialogue have focused until now on the need to incre...
After several years of growing at rates close to 50%, the fixed broadband market in Latin America is beginning to show signs of slowdown, as a result of saturation levels in higher-income urban areas and low adoption among medium and low-income households. Expanding the boundaries of the fixed broadband market towards these households represents on...
Este libro pretende analiza el impacto de la telefonía móvil en el desarrollo social y económico de América Latina en la última década. En el estudio, en el que han colaborado reconocidos especialistas, se presentan los resultados obtenidos en una amplia investigación que abarca análisis regionales y casos de estudio en Argentina, Brasil, Chile y P...
Purpose
This article aims to explore the impact of a particular regulatory framework for CDMA and GSM use by fixed‐phone companies in Brazil on access, local‐loop competition and fixed‐mobile convergence.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper is based on the analysis of the three most significant cases in Brazil and the discussion of recent regula...
We analyze tariffs for fixed broadband services in Latin America and benchmark against tariffs in the OECD. We also develop a new broadband development indicator (the Broadband Performance Index) that compares actual penetration rates with those predicted by our regression model. The results shows that broadband services in Latin America are genera...
Cambridge Core - Comparative Politics - New Television, Old Politics - by Hernan Galperin
The article explores the Brazilian regulation on fixed and mobile phone services and its impacts on efforts to address the deficit of ICT networks and services in low-income and low-density areas. We compare the three most significant cases in Brazil of fixed phone services deployment using GSM technology on a secondary basis and wireless local-loo...
This study analyses the cost of a low-volume basket of mobile services across a sample of Latin American countries, and contrasts these results with standard income and poverty indicators. The main goal is to establish how affordable mobile services are for the poor. Three general findings emerge. First, the poor generally pay a cost premium for us...
Access to telephony for low-income groups is largely based on different strategies of mobile telephony usage. The main goal of this research project is to explore the strategies employed by the poor in Latin America and the Caribbean to access and use mobile telephony services, as well as to identify the major market and regulatory barriers for inc...
ICT networks and services are not effectively reaching the poor, particularly those living in rural areas. Public subsidies for traditional operators to cover the difference between tariffs and cost-recovery levels have proved limited in addressing this continuing gap. This article explores the role that could be played by a largely unnoticed set o...
The problem discussed in this paper is the failure of ICT networks and services to effectively reach the poor, particularly those living in rural areas, in Latin America and the Caribbean. The conventional answer to this problem has been to create incentives and offer public subsidies for traditional operators to cover the differ- ence between tari...
Over the past two decades, market reforms in the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) sector have served as a powerful engine for infrastructure investments and service expansion in developing nations. More people have gained access to ICT services since market reforms started in the early 1990s than in the many decades that preceded th...
Recent developments in wireless local area network (WLAN) technologies are raising new hopes for sustainable Internet diffusion in the rural areas of the developing world. These technologies allow drastic reductions in network deployment costs, particularly for last-mile connectivity in low-density areas. More important, the technologies make possi...
The advent of new unlicensed wireless technologies allows a variety of new actors - from co-operatives to municipalities - to deploy and operate communication networks. This article reviews the evolution of the new breed of wireless technologies, in particular Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi), and discusses its implications for the architecture and contro...
This article examines the theoretical assumptions generally used in communication and information policy studies, and suggests that more attention to the institutional determinants of public policies is needed. The first part discusses three alternative theoretical ap- proaches: the interest-group approach, the ideological approach, and the technol...
The development of wireless internet infrastructures is progressing at a staggering pace. As the telecom sector emerges from the collapse of the internet bubble, incumbent wireless carriers, as well as a plethora of new start-ups, are investing in a range of technologies that offer near ubiquitous mobile access to the internet. Alongside these corp...
En este trabajo se analizan las bases sobre las que se está desarrollando el proceso de transición hacia la TV digital en Brasil y Argentina, y se discuten las posibilidades que la transición presenta para replantear la estructura de mercado y el modelo de regulación de la TV abierta en los países del Mercosur. La principal hipótesis es que la TV d...
This paper compares the regulatory incentives created by government policies aimed at promoting the transition to digital TV in the US, France, and the UK. It argues that US policies have aggravated coordination problems and even created incentives for terrestrial broadcasters to retard the transition in order to receive compensations from wireless...
In this paper we analyze the development of interactive TV in the U.S. and Western Europe. We argue that despite the nascent character of the market there are important regulatory issues at stake, as exemplified by the AOL/TW merger and the British Interactive Broadcasting case. Absent rules that provide for non-discriminatory access to network com...
Regulatory reform has changed the organization of the broadcasting industry in Brazil and Argentina in the past decade. Although responding to a similar set of pressure, the pace, instruments, and character of reforms have been different in the 2 countries, resulting in media markets of diverse natures. This study argues that these different policy...
This article compares cultural industries policy in three regional trade areas: NAFTA, the EU and the MERCOSUR. Each of these trade regions has uniquely combined liberalization, cooperation and exemption, resulting in different policy outcomes. Three factors are explored to account for these differences: industry profile, domestic communication pol...
This paper examines how cultural industries have been integrated into different free-trade /regional integration agreements. The cases of NAFTA, the EU, MERCOSUR, and GATT are compared. Each of these trade agreements has combined liberalization, co-operation, and exemption in unique ways, resulting in different policy outcomes. Industry structure,...
RESUMEN La significativa inversión pública en el despliegue de nueva infraestructura de red y las ambiciosas iniciativas de gobierno para el desarrollo de los servicios de banda ancha son señales de un cambio respecto al consenso predominante durante los años noventa en el sector de las telecomunicaciones. ¿En qué medida este cambio representa un r...
The preparation of this document was coordinated by Valeria Jordán and Wilson Peres, of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), and Hernán Galperin, from the Regional Dialogue on the Information Society (REDIS), in the framework of the project "Inclusive political dialogue and exchange of experiences", under the Allianc...
Citations
... In this study, most students reported higher agreement with the ease of use of the mobile devices and the access to the platform, yet unfamiliarity with some of the tools on the platform. As to instructor and instruction, the latter plays a vital role in predicting both behavioral and psychological engagement, however, no statistical significance has been observed with the former, which is consistent with Aguilar et al. (2021), who found a strong correlation between live instruction and student engagement in online learning. A possible reason is that the participants are adult learners, they may be more goal-oriented and concerned about the course and the instruction (Abedini et al., 2021) rather than the instructor. ...
... El Gráfico N° 6 muestra una variación porcentual importante a favor de las mujeres en el uso de TIC antes y durante la pandemia, ya que entre los dos momentos (antes y durante) hubo un aumento de 4,2 pp en el uso que hicieron los varones y un aumento de 6 pp entre las mujeres. Esta situación también reafirma los hallazgos de la EIL 2017, en cuanto a la feminización del trabajo con TIC y es quizá también explicable por el hecho de que en los empleos teletrabajables (que crecieron durante la pandemia) las mujeres están sobrerrepresentadas, ya que laboran en sectores que habilitan esta posibilidad ocupacional tales como: educación, administración pública y otros sectores intensivos en TIC (Galperin y Arcidiácono, 2020). ...
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... Combining zip code level demographic information with its own data, Microsoft [4], estimated that adoption of high-speed Internet was lacking for 162.8 million Americans, a number far greater than the FCC's estimate. Galperin et al. identify the low-income minority population as a group likely to be disenfranchised from having access to residential fiber services that provide better Internet performance [16]. ...
... Relatively little research has explicitly explored discrimination against LX teachers in the context of OTPs. However, one study (Curran, Zhen, and Galperin 2021) found that English-speaking learners of German, Italian and French tended to prefer L1 teachers. These findings imply that preference for L1 speakers is maintained in the context of OTPsat least with respect to learners of languages other than English (LOTEs). ...
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... The unemployment rate is superior for women, estimated at 40.7% versus 17.6 % for men (INS, 2021), although they represent 66% of the total regular registered students in 2020 (MERS, 2021). However, gender gaps in employment could differ according to sector activities and degree types of graduates (Oh and Lewis, 2011;Pullman, 2018;Jehn et al., 2019;Galperin and Arcidiacono, 2021). It is important to note that males and females perform differently in classrooms as well (see . ...
... This problem was not unique to our study (Means et al., 2020). Attending online courses via a smartphone is a significant disadvantage, and students who do so are less likely to stay engaged in online learning (Aguilar et al., 2020). Smartphones can be incompatible with existing learning applications; difficult to use for reading, typing, and producing assignments because of their small screens and inadequate keyboards; and potentially more distracting due to the heightened presence of games and social media (Means et al., 2020). ...
... The analysis of employment indicators by sector indicates that there are opportunities to improve the employment performance of Latin American women in higher and medium productivity sectors and to achieve parity with men in terms of opportunities to access better remunerated jobs and jobs associated with the digital world. "If women were employed at the same rate as men, the gender digital gap in these countries would be reduced by at least a quarter" [41] (p. 51). ...
... Gabszewicz et al., 2004;Anderson and Coate, 2005;Liu et al., 2006). In the last decade, these industries have witnessed a fast switch to digital technologies which required huge investments in infrastructure (Galperin, 2004;Peitz and Waldfogel, 2012). ...
... Research apps may drain battery life more quickly than other apps and disrupt typical charging patterns based on their usual phone use. If unhoused participants struggled to find a power source and spent much time consumed with finding ways to charge the phone [35] to maintain compliance (ie, get paid), this could interfere greatly with one's day. This could also explain why unhoused participants reported greater stress and anxiety associated with study participation. ...
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... For instance, while the concept of "Devaluations of Women Work" reveals that wages and women's employment are negatively related, the reason for this was thought to be that women worked in areas not considered "traditionally female jobs" . For example, considering the "Gig" economy, which has a new market feature, it can be said that men work in "software development" style jobs, women work in "writing" style jobs and are directed to "female-typed" jobs (Galperin, 2019). ...
