Henry W. Lim’s research while affiliated with Michigan State University and other places

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Publications (526)


Sunscreens: Updates on Sunscreen Filters and Formulations
  • Literature Review

May 2025

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27 Reads

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1 Citation

Photodermatology Photoimmunology and Photomedicine

Jasira Ziglar

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Tasneem F Mohammad

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Henry W Lim

Background/Purpose Sunscreens are a critical component of photoprotection, shielding the skin from the harmful effects of solar radiation. However, current sunscreens have limitations, including insufficient filters with long‐wavelength ultraviolet A (UVA) and visible light (VL) coverage. This review briefly discusses the mechanisms of sunscreen filters, newly developed filters that improve broad‐spectrum protection, and examines recent advances in sunscreen formulations that enhance efficacy. Methods A targeted literature review was conducted using databases such as Pubmed to identify recent studies published on advancements in sunscreen filters. Results Recent developments include novel filters with extended UVA and VL coverage. Additives such as antioxidants and anti‐inflammatory agents are also being integrated to bolster skin protection. Conclusion Although traditional sunscreens have limitations, ongoing innovations in filter development and formulation science are progressively addressing existing gaps in photoprotection.





Skin changes during pregnancy and photoprotection strategies. This figure illustrates the physiological skin changes during pregnancy caused by altered response to UV exposure (UV) and visible light radiation, including heightened melanin production and the risk of hyperpigmentation such as melasma. It highlights the role of photoprotection strategies, including the use of broad-spectrum sunscreens with high SPF, wide-brimmed hats, and protective clothing. The recommended characteristics of sunscreens during pregnancy are summarized, focusing on mineral-based filters (e.g., zinc oxide, titanium dioxide), safety considerations, and cosmetic acceptability for improved adherence. *HEVL, High-Energy Visible Light (400–500 nm) and also green light (500–600 nm) participate (but in a much lesser extent compared to HEVL) to VL-induced pigmentation. **ROS, reactive oxygen species.
Photoprotection in pregnancy: addressing safety concerns and optimizing skin health
  • Literature Review
  • Full-text available

March 2025

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88 Reads

Pregnancy is associated with physiological skin changes, altered response to UV exposure and increased risk of pigmentary disorders such as melasma and linea nigra, which can impact quality of life. This review explores the effects of photoprotection during pregnancy, focusing on safety, efficacy, and the role of sunscreens in preventing pregnancy-associated hyperpigmentation and UV-induced skin damage. Sunscreen use in pregnant women is generally low, despite evidence supporting the benefits of broad-spectrum sunscreens to mitigate pigmentation changes and prevent DNA damage from UV exposure. Physiological changes during pregnancy influence sunscreen selection; ideally, sunscreens should be mineral-based, cosmetically acceptable, potentially supplemented with safe organic filters to optimize cosmetic acceptability and adherence, and free from ingredients associated with potential risks during pregnancy. Tinted sunscreens, which provide protection against high-energy visible light (HEVL), may offer enhanced prevention of hyperpigmentary disorders, and are recommended due to their added camouflage benefits, though shade options should ideally match diverse skin tones. Photoprotection strategy should include the use of wide-brimmed hats, sun-safe clothing and regular use of high-SPF, broad-spectrum sunscreens that protect against UVB, UVA, and HEVL. Tinted, mineral-based formulations potentially supplemented with safe organic filters may be optimal for pregnant women providing both effective protection and cosmetic benefits.

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Here Comes the Sun! A Study on Sun Exposure and Associated Risks in the Canadian Population

March 2025

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35 Reads

Journal of Cutaneous Maedicine and Surgery

Objective To evaluate the awareness of and attitudes toward various aspects of sun-exposure risks and protection methods among Canadians. Methods An online survey conducted from September 28 to October 18, 2021, included 17,001 participants aged 18 years and above from 17 countries across 5 continents; the data presented are those of the Canadian population (n = 1,000). The survey focused on demographics, sun-exposure habits, comprehension of risks, and knowledge of photoprotection. The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics to identify prevalent trends and discrepancies in sun-protective behaviours among Canadians. Results The majority of Canadian respondents (93%) acknowledged the health risks associated with sun exposure. While 81% of Canadians reported using some form of sun protection, only 10% systematically implemented all recommended protective measures, highlighting a gap in knowledge translation. Misconceptions regarding the safety of tanned skin and the effectiveness of sunscreens were widespread, particularly in younger demographics and in individuals with darker skin. Knowledge and preventive behaviours were markedly better among individuals who regularly consult dermatologists. Conclusions This study highlights general awareness of sun-protective behaviours but a lack of universal and comprehensive implementation among Canadians. Given the knowledge gaps in younger demographics and darker skin phototypes, targeted educational initiatives are essential to correct prevalent misconceptions about sun exposure and tanned skin. Dermatologists and other health care professionals can play a pivotal role in education and primary prevention strategies for skin cancer and other sun-related comorbidities.






Citations (53)


... These ROS critically damage cell membranes, mitochondria, and other vital cell organelles, ultimately triggering apoptosis and/or necrosis of the affected cells. PDT may also involve an immunological mechanism, activating innate and adaptive immune cells through antigen presentation of the destroyed premalignant cell [35][36][37]. However, its role remains unclear, as a clinical immunohistochemical study on PDT for basal cell carcinoma found increased neutrophil infiltration and E-selectin expression post-treatment, but also a significant loss of Langerhans cells (specialized skin antigen-presenting cells), suggesting that PDT-induced immunosuppression may weaken antitumor immunity [38]. ...

Reference:

Daylight Photodynamic Therapy for Actinic Keratosis and Field Cancerization: A Narrative Review
Photodynamic Therapy: Overview and Mechanism of Action
  • Citing Article
  • February 2025

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

... There is a lack of consensus on managing these co-occurring conditions, which is common in clinical practice. In the current issue, Lane and colleagues have published a systematic review of literature on managing patients with concurrent vitiligo and disorders of hyperpigmentation like melasma and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) [5]. Oral tranexamic acid (melasma and PIH), topical tretinoin (melasma and PIH), micro-needling (vitiligo and melasma), platelet-rich plasma injections (vitiligo and melasma), and oral Polypodium leucotomos extract (vitiligo and melasma) seem promising in such situation [5]. ...

Concurrent management of vitiligo and acquired disorders of hyperpigmentation: a comprehensive literature review and current practice gaps
  • Citing Article
  • January 2025

International Journal of Dermatology

... Accordingly, inhibition of JAK/STAT3 and activation of the SOCS3 signaling pathway could be effective in treating AD. However, long-term use of JAK/STAT3 inhibitors is associated with the development of serious adverse effects such as malignancy, thromboembolism, and severe infections compared to immunomodulatory agents (Atzeni et al. 2018;Lamberg et al. 2024). Furthermore, the JAK inhibitor tofacitinib is associated with the risk of gastrointestinal perforation (Hoisnard et al. 2022). ...

Long-term adverse event risks of oral JAK inhibitors versus immunomodulators: a literature review

Archives of Dermatological Research

... Black individuals with HS seem to be susceptible as they showed a higher rate of DM with chronic complications compared to White patients, with an OR of 1.73, which is supported by the results of a retrospective cross-sectional analysis by Young et al. [32] on a cohort of 13,130 patients with HS. ...

A diverse hidradenitis suppurativa cohort: a retrospective cross-sectional study of 13,130 patients from a large US healthcare system database from 1995-2022
  • Citing Article
  • November 2024

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

... This At-home phototherapy has proven to be an effective method to combat the geographic and financial barriers that many patients face. The LITE study, which included multi-racial participants, provided compelling evidence that home phototherapy is non-inferior to office phototherapy and is effective across all skin types [47]. Home phototherapy has the potential to address the convenience and access challenges that many patients face, and it is cost-effective compared to standard biologics. ...

Home- vs Office-Based Narrowband UV-B Phototherapy for Patients With Psoriasis: The LITE Randomized Clinical Trial
  • Citing Article
  • September 2024

... A exposição solar excessiva e o uso de dispositivos de bronzeamento artificial têm sido associados a mutações no DNA celular, promovendo instabilidade genômica e proliferação descontrolada dos melanócitos (MULLENDERS LHF, 2018). A exposição cumulativa à RUV está diretamente relacionada à incidência de melanoma, sendo a queimadura solar um dos fatores predisponentes mais relevantes (KWA M, et al., 2024). Estudos apontam que a exposição a camas de bronzeamento artificial não apenas aumenta o risco de um primeiro melanoma, mas também está associada ao desenvolvimento de múltiplos melanomas primários (KARAPETYAN L, et al., 2021). ...

The risk of ultraviolet exposure for melanoma in Fitzpatrick skin types I-IV: A 20-year systematic review with meta-analysis for sunburns
  • Citing Article
  • September 2024

... Women, the survey reported, were affected more frequently than men. 1 While hypopigmentation refers to lightened areas of skin, hyperpigmentation describes darkened patches or lesions caused by the excess production, distribution, or transport of melanin. 2 "Hyperpigmentation is one of the most common causes of dermatology visits, particularly in patients with skin of colour," said Dlova. ...

54772 Pigmentary disorders, prevalence, impact on quality of life and social stigmatization: Results of the first large international survey
  • Citing Article
  • September 2024

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

... Sin embargo, existen brechas en el conocimiento y en la adherencia a medidas de protección, motivadas por factores como el nivel educativo, la edad, el género y la percepción de riesgo. La utilización de protectores solares con un factor de protección solar (FPS) adecuado, la aplicación regular y correcta, además del uso complementario de medidas físicas, son recomendaciones ampliamente aceptadas por organizaciones internacionales como la AFD, AAD y OMS (4) Asimismo, cada vez hay mayor preocupación por el impacto ambiental de los bloqueadores solares tradicionales, además de la relación con posibles disruptores endocrinos (5,6). Esto motiva el interés en la búsqueda de formulaciones más seguras y ecológicas, además de la necesidad de educar a la población en prácticas sostenibles. ...

Photoprotection: Current developments and controversies

... Novel therapeutic approaches aimed at remodeling dysregulated microbiota and restoring compromised probiotics have been proven to be safe and effective in human dermatological diseases, such as acne vulgaris, diabetic infectious wounds, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and so on [74][75][76][77]. However, in the field of radiation-induced skin toxicity, researchers interested in host-microbiota interactions have focused almost exclusively on the interplay between human-associated microbiome and constant solar ultraviolet-induced injuries, which are usually attributed to the common type of nonionizing radiation [78][79][80]. The biological effect and underlying mechanisms of skin microbial communities in the pathogenesis of radiodermatitis resulting from the therapeutic ionizing radiation in clinical practice are yet to be systematically studied. ...

Exploring the impact of solar radiation on skin microbiome to develop improved photoprotection strategies

Photochemistry and Photobiology

... This may be related to that females take more protective measures when exposed to extreme temperature, such as sun protection. 40 On the other hand, males work more hours outdoors, leading to more exposure to extreme temperature. 41 In terms of age, the decrease of temperature-related excess injury risk was the most pronounced for the elderly, with a reduction of nearly 50%. ...

Sun exposure and protection habits: Self‐reported attitudes, knowledge and behaviours