Hemant K. Roy’s research while affiliated with Baylor College of Medicine and other places

... The development of Chromatin-sensitive Partial Wave Spectroscopic Microscopy (csPWS) [2,3] marked a significant milestone, enabling the nanosensing of cellular or intracellular structures with unprecedented details. This has opened new avenues for cancer research, allowing the early including lung and colorectal cancer, and has demonstrated high efficacy in detecting Stage-I lung cancer (AUC = 0.92 in Site 1 and 0.81 in Site 2) [3] and advanced adenoma (AUC = 0.90) [10]. Furthermore, cancer heterogeneity poses a significant challenge to cancer research, while automated segmentation facilitates the gathering and evaluation of a large number of nuclear features from extensive cell populations. ...

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Deep learning-driven automatic nuclei segmentation of live-cell chromatin-sensitive partial wave spectroscopic microscopy imaging

... In efforts to refine Apc-based mouse models, use of the colon epithelium specific CDX2P regulatory elements with the loxP-CreER T2 system has enabled Apc inactivation in the adult mouse colon epithelium 9,10 . In previous work, we showed that loss of intestinal keratin 8 (K8) makes the colon more susceptible to tumor development upon a second carcinogenic hit with AOM 11 . ...

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Genetically induced mouse model for colon-specific epithelial cell tumorigenesis driven by loss of K8 and Apc

... This highlights the need for more comprehensive health data collection in low SDI areas, which would help better understand and resolve these health disparities. Although studies of liver cancer in low SDI areas have linked high incidence with hepatitis infection and arsenic-contaminated water sources [35], there is a need to address PC risk factors, especially smoking, obesity, and diabetes, which are common in both high and low SDI regions [36][37][38], to develop strategies to reduce the health disparities in PC burden globally. As discussed earlier, successful interventions in other diseases-such as HPV vaccination for cervical cancer, colorectal cancer screening, and anti-smoking legislation-have demonstrated the value of targeted public health policies. ...

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Global disparities in the burden of pancreatic cancer (1990–2021): insights from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease study

... Last, to revolutionize oral cancer diagnosis and make the most of the potential of fractal analysis in oral oncology, it could be integrated with machine learning and other artificial intelligence-enhanced tools, as demonstrated in the case of breast and colon cancers [54,55]. ...

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Fractal Analysis Applied to the Diagnosis of Oral Cancer and Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders: A Comprehensive Review

... Further, chromatin in the nucleus is known to be organized into several thousand PDs -compact regions that maintain heritability across cell divisions -varying in size (averaging 250 kb). These domains exhibit a chromatin volume concentration (CVC) of approximately 0.35 and demonstrate mass-fractal intradomain chromatin conformation with the genomic length N, scaling with the radius of the occupied physical volume R as N ∝ R D where experimentally measured D values range from 5/3 to 3 across packing domains [3,8]. Thus, packing scaling D provides insight into how nanoscale materials are organized within PDs in a fixed volume. ...

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Deep learning-driven automatic nuclei segmentation of live-cell chromatin-sensitive partial wave spectroscopic microscopy imaging

... In recent year, the association between modifiable lifestyle factors, including physical activity, diet patterns, smoking, drinking, obesity, and CRC has attracted increasing attentions [3][4][5][6][7]. Despite significant advances in understanding the risk factors for CRC, including lifestyle behaviors, dietary patterns, and genetic predispositions, recent studies have also highlighted the long-term influence of circadian rhythm on CRC, suggesting that its impact may be as significant as these traditional lifestyle behaviors [8][9][10].Some evidence has demonstrated that sleep problems are prevalent in the general population. A recent meta-analysis involving over 1.1 million individuals from the United States, Netherlands, and United Kingdom indicated that 13.3% of adult participants reported poor sleep quality [11]. ...

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Associations Between Chronotype, Genetic Susceptibility and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in UK Biobank

... A study that assessed whether exercise-induced myokines would mitigate the COVID-19 infectivity of the bronchial epithelium through angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 -ACE2 intonation demonstrated evidence suggesting exercise has a protective effect against COVID-19 (33). ...

Reference:

Exercise is the Most Important Medicine for COVID-19

... Similarly, an increase in collagen deposition was also observed in the Picrosirius red (PSR) stained colon (Fig. 6B) (Segnani et al. 2015). Moreover, there was a significant reduction in mucin-producing goblet cells in the AOM/DSS group as compared to the CONTROL group (Fig. 6C) (Pothuraju et al. 2022). While some regions retained a physiological distribution of goblet cells, the tumour tissue demonstrates a marked depletion of these cells, consistent with neoplastic transformation and mucosal barrier disruption ( Fig. 6C and F; Loktionov 2022). ...

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The intervention of NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor: oridonin against azoxymethane and dextran sulfate sodium–induced colitis-associated colorectal cancer in male BALB/c mice

... 48 Participants with a higher quartile of vitamin D scores had a reduced incidence of CRC according to a cohort study of African American women. 49 A meta-analysis linked increased vitamin D consumption to a decreased incidence of CRC. 50 Kwan et al. investigated the impact of vitamin D and calcium on the expression tumor cells in patients with CRC. ...

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Associations between diet and nutritional supplements and colorectal cancer: A systematic review

... One such mechanism involves enhancing mucus production. The mucus acts as a protective lining in the intestines, thwarting harmful substances and pathogens from breaching the intestinal wall [137]. Postbiotics stimulate mucus production, reinforcing the gut barrier and fortifying its defenses [138]. ...

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Exploring Innovative Approaches for Managing Spinal Cord Injury: A Comprehensive Review of Promising Probiotics and Postbiotics