Helmut Schenkel-Brunner’s research while affiliated with University of Vienna and other places

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Publications (100)


Action of Glycosyl Transferases upon “Bombay” (Oh) Erythrocytes
  • Article

June 2008

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13 Reads

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4 Citations

European Journal of Biochemistry

Helmut SCHENKEL‐BRUNNER

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Hans TUPPY

Individuals of the rare “Bombay” (Oh) blood-group phenotype are lacking, due to a genetic defect, the α(1—2)fucosyl transferase, which is responsible for converting blood-group H precursor substances to H-specific structures. Treatment with GDP-fucose and β(1—2)fucosyl transferase prepared from gastric mucosa of O individuals failed to transform native or ficin-treated “Bombay” erythrocytes into cells phenotypically resembling O cells. The transformation was achieved, however, after prior incubation of the “Bombay” erythrocytes with neuraminidase, indicating that blood-group H precursor molecules on the surface of these cells are masked by sialyl residues. Blood-group A specificity was conferred upon neuraminidase-treated “Bombay” cells by enzymatic transfer of α-N-acetylgalactosamine residues, in addition to α-fucose residues.


Incorporation of Galactose into Blood‐Groups (ABH) Precursor Substance by Lactose Synthetase from Human Milk

March 2005

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12 Reads

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4 Citations

European Journal of Biochemistry

It has been shown that an enzyme preparation from human milk having lactose synthetase activity is capable of incorporating galactose residues into water-soluble blood-group substance. A suitable acceptor substance for investigating the enzymatic galactose transfer was obtained from blood-group H-substance by sequential removal of fucose and terminal galactose residues. When galactose was incorporated into this acceptor substance with the help of a preparation of galactosyl transferase from human milk in the presence of UDP-galactose, a remarkable increase in cross-reactivity with anti-type-14 pneumococcus sera could be observed. Since a glycoprotein with “type-14 specificity”, having galactose as the serologically determinant group, is the precursor of the water-soluble blood-group A, B, H and Le substances, this enzymatic galactose transfer would appear to be an essential step in the biosynthesis of the blood-group-active compounds. Evidence for the identity of the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of type-14-specific sites with lactose synthetase of human milk was obtained from competition experiments.


Formation of Blood‐Group A Substance from H Substance by an α‐N‐Acetylgalactosaminyl Transferase

March 2005

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46 Reads

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3 Citations

European Journal of Biochemistry

An α-N-acetylgalactosaminyl transferase has been solubilized from hog gastric mucosal microsomes and purified approximately 14-fold by ion exchange chromatography. The enzyme catalyzes the transfer of tritum-labeled N-acetyl-d-galactosamine from UDP-[3H]acetylgalactosamine to blood-group H substance. The net synthesis of blood-group A substance was demonstrated using hemagglutination inhibition tests. The newly fromed blood-group A activity was shown to be susceptible to destruction by N-acetylgalactosaminidase from Helix pomatia. Part of the enzymatically synthesized radioactive blood-group A substance could be precipitated with human anti-A serum. The enzyme has a sharp pH optimum at pH 6.9 and requires Mn++ for maximum activity. The Km value for the glycosyl donor, UDP-acetylgalactosamine, is 33 μM.


Landsteiner-Wiener System

January 2000

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335 Reads

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1 Citation

In 1940 Landsteiner and Wiener [18] immunized rabbits and guinea pigs with the red cells of rhesus monkeys. The immune sera (’anti-Rh’) obtained by this stimulus reacted with 85% of adult human blood samples. At that time the ’Rhesus’ antigen has been considered the animal equivalent of the human antigen responsible for erythroblastosis foetalis (HDN), because the frequency of reactivity of rabbit sera with human erythrocytes matched that of a human antibody. This antibody had been obtained from a woman who had delivered a stillborn fetus which had died in utero of HDN [20]. Later investigations, however, proved conclusively that the human and animal antibodies described two different specificities (cf. [36]), and the ’Rh’ antigen was subsequently renamed LW in honor of Landsteiner and Wiener.


Colton System

January 2000

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28 Reads

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1 Citation

In the Colton blood group system three specificities are defined: Co a (= CO1) [6], its antithetical antigen Co b (= C02) [5], and Co ab (= Co3), a specificity common to Co a and Co b [23](1).



JMH Antigen

January 2000

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63 Reads

The John Milton Hagen antigen JMH is a high-incidence serological character [7](1). It is expressed on erythrocytes and weakly on peripheral blood lymphocytes [2,3] as well as on a series of non-haematopoietic human tissues, such as neurons of the central nervous system and in respiratory epithelium [5].


HEMPAS (CDA-II)

January 2000

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30 Reads

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1 Citation

Congenital dyserythropoietic anaemias (CDAs) are a group of inherited genetic disorders characterised by mild to moderate anaemia, ineffective erythropoiesis, and morphologic abnormalities of the erythrocytes and their precursors in the bone marrow. Three main types of CDA (CDA-I, CDA-II, and CDA-III) and a number of variants are known to date.


Lutheran System

January 2000

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71 Reads

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1 Citation

The Lutheran blood group system comprises 18 antigen characters to date (see Table 19.1), eight of which (i.e. Lu a — Lu b, Lu6 — Lu9, Lu8 — Lu14, and Au a — Au b) are products of antithetical alleles. Genetic studies are not yet able to show if the high-frequency para-Lutheran antigens are controlled by the Lutheran locus. Absence of these antigens from Lutheran-null cells and localisation on the Lutheran glycoproteins (see below) does, however, clearly show their close association with the Lutheran system.


P System

January 2000

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36 Reads

The first antigen of the blood group P system, P 1, was discovered in 1927 by Landsteiner and Levine [66]; the system was expanded in 1935 when the antigens P [103] and P k [58,59,85] were discovered and identified as belonging to the P system. Five blood group P phenotypes can be defined according to the presence or absence of these three serological specificities on the erythrocytes, two of which, P 1, and P 2, are frequent and three, P 1k,P 2k and p, very rare (Tables 8.1 and 8.2) [101]: P 1, erythrocytes are characterised by the presence of P 1, and P antigen, P 2 cells lack the P antigen, in P and P erythrocytes the P determinant is absent and the cells show strong P k activity; the presence of P 1, antigen distinguishes the P 1k phenotype from P 2k, none of the three antigenic characters are detectable on p cells.


Citations (21)


... The Le x property is probably based on a particular specificity of the anti-Le x antibodies rather than a distinct antigenic determinant; it has been shown that anti-Le x binds to the Lewis core disaccharide Fucal~4GlcNAc-R [8], a property which enables the antibody to react with both Lea and Leb determinants. This specificity may render the antibody less sensitive to steric effects, and thus able to bind even to the traces of Lea substance present on cord red cells. ...

Reference:

Immunochemistry of the Lewis blood-group system. Investigations on the Lec antigen
Immimochemistry of the Lewis Blood-Group System
  • Citing Article
  • January 1981

Vox Sanguinis

... Kell antigens are expressed only by erythroid progenitor cells and mature erythroid cells. Kell blood-group system is considered relevant in transfusion medicine because anti-Kell can both cause life-threatening Post Transfusion Hemolytic Reactions (PTHR) and severe Hemolytic Disease of Fetus and Newborn (HDFN) [1][2][3]. ...

Human Blood Groups: Chemical and Biochemical Basis of Antigen Specificity
  • Citing Article
  • January 1995

... Thus, blood transfusion based on ABO grouping is crucial as there are antibodies inside serums to these antigens unless the ABO grouping type matches. Moreover, different from the ABO grouping, RH type describes the presence or absence of D red cell antigen [20]. As D is the most immunogenic antigen in RH type, the absence of D antigen results that Rh-negative people can only receive blood transfusion from a Rh-negative blood donor. ...

Landsteiner-Wiener System
  • Citing Chapter
  • January 2000

... Ces glycosyltransfdrases contr616es par les g6nes Bet A catalysent le transfert de galactose et de N-ac6tylgalactosamine depuis l'UDP-sucre correspondant h la substance pr6curseur de spdcificit6 Hen pr6sence d'ions manganeux. L'dtude in vitro de ces enzymes a 6td men6e h l'aide de diff6rents accepteurs: oligosaccharides de faible poids mol6culaire: 2'Fucosyllactose : e-Fuc-(1 ~ 2) ~Gal (1 ~ 4) Glc, Lacto-N-fucopentose I: e-Fuc (1 ~ 2) ~Gal (1 ~ 3) BGlcNAc (1 --~ 3) ~Gal (1 --~ 4) Glc, accepteur macromol6culaire de sp6cificitd H et globules rouges O, la substance H pr6sente h la surface de ces h6rnaties 6tant utilis6e cornme pr6curseur [19] [24] [27]. ...

Enzymatic Conversion of Human Blood‐Group‐O Erythrocytes into A2 and A1 Cells by α‐N‐Acetyl‐d‐galactosaminyl Transferases of Blood‐Group‐A Individuals
  • Citing Article
  • April 1973

European Journal of Biochemistry

... The yields of [ 3 H]L-Fuc1-P and GDP-[ 3 H]Fuc were 40% and 60%, respectively, with an overall yield of 24%. Later, (Prohaska and Schenkel-Brunner 1975) reported the extraction of both activities in a crude extract of hog submaxillary glands and the conversion of L-Fuc to GDP-Fuc in a single pot reaction with an overall yield of 81% at relatively largescale (0.1 mmoL in 100 mL). These authors included KF as a general phosphatase inhibitor to spare the L-Fuc-1P intermediate and noted substrate inhibition of the L-Fuc 1kinase activity at >1 mM L-Fuc. ...

A simple and efficient method for the preparation of GDP-fucose
  • Citing Article
  • January 1976

Analytical Biochemistry

... B i o c h e m i s c h e M e r k m a l e : Die Eier der Kreuzkröte besitzen Oberflächenantigene, die mit Testseren für menschliche Blutgruppen nachweisbar sind (Schenkel-Brunner und Kothbauer 1976, Wrann et al. 1978. Die Stärke der Reaktion lässt auf eine große Häufigkeit von Antigen H schließen, sehr selten scheint auch Antigen A vorhanden zu sein, das bei der Erdkröte dominiert (Schenkel-Brunner und Kothbauer 1976). ...

Immunochemical investigations on toad (Bufo) eggs: comparative studies on three species (B. Bufo, B. Viridis, B. Calamita)
  • Citing Article
  • January 1977

Journal of Immunogenetics

... 3,4 Mn causes toxic effects mainly in the brain, and also produces toxicity in liver, lungs, and heart, as well as reproductive organs. [5][6][7][8] Mn is metabolized in the liver; therefore, excessive amounts may cause liver toxicity. 9,10 Mn can cause an inflammatory response in the lungs, with clinical symptoms including cough, acute bronchitis, and decreased lung functions. ...

Localization of blood-group A and I antigenic sites on inside-out and rightside-out human erythrocyte membrane vesicles
  • Citing Article
  • February 1979

Immunology

... 12 In addition, the precursor relation of the I antigen to the ABO system could be shown by one stage of Smith degradation of a human and a hog blood group A substance; the product reacting very strongly with anti-I Ma although the original A sub- stances did not react. 14 Thus, I antigenic determinants Brunner had subjected to Smith degradation then are stages in biosynthesis of the A, B, H substances. treated with a /? galactosidase to split off the non-re-Using a hog blood group A substance, which Schenkel-ducing galactoses (Fig. 2), it was possible using a ga- 71 Moreover, a most widely studied anti-I, anti-I Ma, which was classified as group 1, showed inhibition with a variety of oligosaccharides containing DGal/31 -» 4DGlcNAc/31 -60CH 2 -. 1 3 The -O C H 2 -had originally been part of a third galactose or an N-acetylgalactosamine in the intact structure (Fig. 2). 48 Using a series of oligosaccharides isolated in this laboratory plus a substantial number of trisaccharides synthesized by Professor R. U. Lemieux and co-workers, at the University of Alberta at Edmonton, 3839 we were able to show, with Professor Lemieux's group, that this constituted the entire determinant. ...

Biosynthesis of a Blood-Group-I Determinant Reacting with Anti-I Ma Serum (Group 1)
  • Citing Article
  • September 1979

European Journal of Biochemistry

... od->3/4 and ctl-~2 fucosidase were purified from an ultrasonic extract of Trichomonas foetus by fractionation on Sepharose 4B followed by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose [13], the enzymes being eluted with 0.7 M and 0.15 M KC1, respectively. ...

Probable Biosynthetic Pathway for the Synthesis of the B Antigen from B h Variants
  • Citing Article
  • November 1979

Vox Sanguinis

C Mulet

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H Schenkel-Brunner

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... Ebenso tritt die Nukleotidsequenz eines kleinen, hochrepetitiven Satelliten-DNA in drei (VARLEY et al., 1990) oder vier (ARNTZEN 2002b) verschiedenen Varianten auf, welche wiederum bei jeder der vier Arten zu finden ist, was Fachbachs Schlußfolgerung unterstützt. Das Fehlen eine ausgeprägten Differenzierung zwischen T. carnifex, T. cristatus und T. dobrogicus wurde auch durch Haemagglutinin-Reaktionen beobachtet ( SCHENKEL-BRUNNER et al. 1975, KOTHBAUER und SCHENKEL-BRUNNER 1978. Der Heterozygotiegrad (H) gemittelt über die Proteinloci wird bei den vier Arten meistens mit unter 10 % angegeben (mit einer Variationsbreite von 0-12 %: KALEZIÇ und HEDGECOCK 1980, RAFIÑSKI und ARNTZEN 1987, CRNOBRNJA und KALEZIÇ 1990, LITVINCHUK et al. 1994, MEZHZHERIN ET AL. 1998, STENSJÖ 1998, ARNTZEN und OLGUN 2000, ARNTZEN 2001), mit Ausnahme einiger stark polymorpher T. dobrogicus Populationen aus dem westlichen, pannonischen Teil des Verbreitungsgebiets (15-26 %: LITVINCHUK et al. 1999), sowie T. carnifex aus Italien (SCILLITANI und PICARIELLO 2000). ...

Hemagglutinins in newt (Triturus) eggs: Comparative studies on different species, subspecies and a hybrid
  • Citing Article
  • February 1975

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A Physiology