Hazel Moore’s scientific contributions

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Publications (4)


Migration and community in Bronze Age Orkney: Innovation and continuity at the Links of Noltland
  • Article
  • Full-text available

March 2022

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253 Reads

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1 Citation

Antiquity

Hazel Moore

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Graeme Wilson

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Mairead Ni Challanain

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[...]

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The remarkable archaeological record of Neolithic Orkney has ensured that these islands play a prominent role in narratives of European late prehistory, yet knowledge of the subsequent Bronze Age is comparatively poor. The Bronze Age settlement and cemetery at the Links of Noltland, on the island of Westray, offers new evidence, including aDNA, that points to a substantial population replacement between the Late Neolithic and Bronze Age. Focusing on funerary practice, the authors argue for interconnecting identities centred on household and community, patrilocality and inheritance. The findings prompt are consideration of the Orcadian Bronze Age, with wider implications for population movement and the uptake of cultural innovations more widely across prehistoric north-western Europe.

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Fig. 1A and B. Visualization of Orkney genome-wide data in context. (A) Unsupervised ADMIXTURE plot (K = 7) of European Mesolithic, Neolithic, BA, and IA samples. The red component maximizes in the WHG, green in the ANF, and blue in the CHG; profiles to the right of each label are from the same population. (B) PCA showing first two principal components of European Mesolithic, Neolithic, and BA samples, projected on present-day European variation. The figure shows a zoom-in of the full plot (SI Appendix, Fig. S3), excluding outlier Yamnaya and Mesolithic samples. LBK, Linearbandkeramik.
Fig. 2. Schematic phylochronology of Y-chromosome haplogroup I2a1b-M423. For detailed branching at the tips, see SI Appendix, Fig. S15.
Fig. 3. Distribution of Mesolithic and Neolithic Y-chromosome lineages, and their Bronze Age descendants. (A) Britain and Ireland with (B) zoom in on Orkney. Colors represent different Y-chromosome lineages, and distinct outlines represent the time period of the sample. Each circle represents one individual, except for Trumpington Meadows, Cambridgeshire (66), where two brothers are represented by a single circle. Maps prepared with GADM tools (https://gadm.org/data.html) (67) using data from SRTM (68).
Fig. 4. Distribution of prehistoric I2a1b-M423 Y-chromosome lineages in Europe. Each circle represents one individual carrying I2a1b. Map modified from Mapswire.com (https://mapswire.com/), which is licensed under CC BY 4.0.
Putative BA and Neolithic ancestry of LoN MBA and Lop Ness EBA (13) samples modeled with qpAdm
Ancient DNA at the edge of the world: Continental immigration and the persistence of Neolithic male lineages in Bronze Age Orkney

February 2022

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3,870 Reads

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17 Citations

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Significance The Orcadian Neolithic has been intensively studied and celebrated as a major center of cultural innovation, whereas the Bronze Age is less well known and often regarded as a time of stagnation and insularity. Here, we analyze ancient genomes from the Orcadian Bronze Age in the context of the variation in Neolithic Orkney and Bronze Age Europe. We find clear evidence for Early Bronze Age immigration into Orkney, but with an extraordinary pattern: continuity from the Neolithic on the male line of descent but immigration from continental Europe on the female side, echoed in the genome-wide picture. This suggests that despite substantial immigration, indigenous male lineages persisted for at least a thousand years after the end of the Neolithic.



Citations (2)


... Dispersals of various groups, mostly associated to the Corded Ware culture, carried this steppe-related ancestry into different parts of Europe Brunel et al. 2020;Dulias et al. 2022;Furtwängler et al. 2020;Haak et al. 2015;Lazaridis et al. 2022a,b;Linderholm et al. 2020;Malmström et al. 2019;Mathieson et al. 2015;Moore et al. 2022;Papac et al. 2021;Patterson et al. 2022;Saag et al. 2017Saag et al. , 2021Villalba-Mouco et al. 2021). In the western Mediterranean area, the Iranian Neolithic/ Levant component can also be tracked in Bronze Age island populations in the Mediterranean and south-eastern Iberia as part of the local Neolithic ancestry (Fernandes et al. 2020;Lazaridis et al. 2017;Villalba-Mouco et al. 2021). ...

Reference:

Ancient genomic research - From broad strokes to nuanced reconstructions of the past
Migration and community in Bronze Age Orkney: Innovation and continuity at the Links of Noltland

Antiquity

... We used the Pileup tool from GATK software (v.3.7.0) 69 to extract base calls over single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites in the 1,240k panel 75 for relevant genomes and selected one base call at random (base quality >30) for each site to generate pseudo-haploid genotypes. We merged 1,240k genotypes for 534 Iron Age individuals [17][18][19]41,61,[76][77][78][79][80] with a dataset of 5,326 modern individuals from western Europe 38,81 and, using approximately 266,000 sites common to both datasets, projected ancient genomes onto a PCA plot of modern variation using smartpca (version 16000) from EIGENSOFT 82 . We quantified EEF ancestry in British Iron Age genomes following a previously described procedure 17 . ...

Ancient DNA at the edge of the world: Continental immigration and the persistence of Neolithic male lineages in Bronze Age Orkney

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences