Haruhiro Inoue’s research while affiliated with Showa University Koto Toyosu Hospital and other places

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Publications (606)


Refractory esophageal stenosis can be seen, which prevents scope passage. A longitudinal mucosal incision was carefully made on the stenosis site. Subsequently, balloon dilation was performed to 15 mm. There was no sign of perforation after the procedure.
This image shows the stenosis site 1 month after the procedure. The endoscope could be passed through it.
Longitudinal mucosal incision prior to balloon dilation: Novel and advanced approach for severe esophageal stenosis
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May 2025

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Gantuya University Koto Toyosu Boldbaatar

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Kei Ushikubo

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Haruhiro Inoue
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Overview of antireflux myoplasty. (a) The design for mucosal resection is marked using argon plasma coagulation. The short‐axis direction is marked along the lesser curvature so that the inner sides of the anterior and posterior sling fibers are exposed. The long‐axis direction is marked approximately 1 cm from the gastroesophageal junction as a reference. (b) The mucosa of the lesser curvature is resected using endoscopic submucosal dissection, exposing bilateral sling fibers. Endoscopic hand‐suturing is performed to approximate the sling fibers, completing the myoplasty. (c) Endoscopic finding after myoplasty. Mucosal closure after sling fiber suturing is optional. Note: The images shown in this figure are from a different case than the one described in the manuscript, as key explanatory images were not available from the present case.
Antireflux myoplasty (AR‐MP) in the present case. (a) Following mucosal resection, bilateral sling fibers are visible. (b) Suture placement on both the anterior and posterior sling fibers. (c) In this case, myoplasty was performed using the endoscopic ligation technique to tightly approximate the bilateral sling fibers. (d) Endoscopic finding after myoplasty. Mucosal suturing was not performed after completing AR‐MP in this case.
Endoscopic and endoscopic pressure study integrated system (EPSIS) findings before antireflux myoplasty. Endoscopic findings (a–c): During insufflation, CO₂ escaped from the stomach into the esophagus, preventing adequate gastric distension. Additionally, the gastroesophageal junction remained widely open. EPSIS findings (d): maximum intragastric pressure was 13.7 mmHg, and the pressure gradient was 0.05, indicating a flat pattern.
Endoscopic and EPSIS findings after AR‐MP. Endoscopic findings (a–c): The bilateral sling fibers were tightly approximated, forming a well‐defined gastroesophageal flap valve, thereby reinforcing Phase I of the antireflux mechanism. Furthermore, gastric distension with CO₂, which was previously not possible before AR‐MP, was successfully achieved after AR‐MP. EPSIS findings (d): The IGP‐MAX exceeded 20 mmHg, indicating a transition to an uphill pattern. These findings were consistent with the endoscopic observations shown in Figure 4. AR‐MP, antireflux myoplasty; CO₂, carbon dioxide; EPSIS, endoscopic pressure study integrated system; IGP‐MAX, maximum intragastric pressure.
Antireflux myoplasty: Endoscopic myoplasty with bilateral sling fiber plication for refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease

May 2025

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10 Reads

Endoscopic antireflux therapy is a novel endoscopic treatment for refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease. We developed antireflux myoplasty (AR‐MP), a modified version of antireflux mucoplasty (ARM‐P), in which exposed bilateral sling fibers are sutured directly via endoscopic hand‐suturing. AR‐MP was performed on a 60‐year‐old man, resulting in symptomatic improvement and allowing discontinuation of acid‐suppressive medication 3 months after the procedure. One month postoperatively, endoscopy showed an improvement in the Hill classification from grade 3 to grade 1. Before AR‐MP, endoscopic pressure study integrated system findings showed a maximum intragastric pressure value of 13.7 mmHg, indicating a flat pattern. After AR‐MP, maximum intragastric pressure exceeded 20 mmHg, and the pattern shifted to uphill. AR‐MP is an innovative endoscopic technique that reconstructs the native antireflux mechanism by suturing the sling fibers and reforming the gastroesophageal flap valve. This innovative endoscopic procedure, like ARM‐P, provides immediate symptom relief and represents a breakthrough in the endoscopic treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease.


Approximately one‐third of the cardia along the lesser curvature was dissected using the endoscopic submucosal dissection technique to preserve both the mucosal and submucosal layers.
Three reopenable endoclips (SureClip; Microtech) were used to secure the mucosal edge to the muscle layer, maintaining flap elevation.
Mucosal defects were closed with anchor‐pronged clips (MANTIS; Boston Scientific).
(a) Endoscopic image before anti‐reflux mucoplasty with valve (ARM‐P/V). (b) The postoperative endoscopic follow‐up revealed valve formation with remodeling of the gastroesophageal flap valve and a reduction in hernia prominence. The yellow circle highlights the newly formed valve.
Patient‐reported outcomes, measured by the GERD‐Health Related Quality of Life Questionnaire (GERD‐HRQL), GERD Questionnaire (GERDQ), and Frequency Scale for the Symptoms of GERD (FSSG) score, demonstrated significant improvement following endoscopic anti‐reflux therapy.
A pilot study on anti‐reflux mucoplasty with valve as novel endoscopic therapy for gastroesophageal reflux disease

Background and aims Endoscopic anti‐reflux therapies like anti‐reflux mucosectomy (ARMS) and anti‐reflux mucosal ablation have shown efficacy for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in systematic reviews and meta‐analyses. Anti‐reflux mucoplasty (ARM‐P), a refinement of ARMS, incorporates immediate closure of the resection site to reduce complications. Recently, anti‐reflux mucosal valvuloplasty (ARMV), which employs endoscopic submucosal dissection to create a mucosal valve, was introduced but retains ARMS's limitations, requiring extensive incisions (three‐quarters to four‐fifths circumference). To address these challenges, we developed anti‐reflux mucoplasty with valve (ARM‐P/V), integrating ARMV's valvuloplasty with ARM‐P's closure technique to improve safety and reduce complications. This pilot study evaluates the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of ARM‐P/V. Methods This retrospective study reviewed data from patients undergoing ARM‐P/V for proton pump inhibitor (PPI)‐refractory or PPI‐dependent GERD at Showa University Koto Toyosu Hospital, Tokyo, from April to August 2024. Symptom severity and quality of life were assessed using validated questionnaires (GERD‐Health Related Quality of Life Questionnaire [GERD‐HRQL], GERD Questionnaire [GerdQ], and Frequency Scale for the Symptoms of GERD [FSSG]), comparing pre‐ and post‐treatment scores. PPI discontinuation rates were also analyzed. Results Eighteen patients (mean age 55.4 years) underwent ARM‐P/V. Within 3 months, 72.2% (13/18) reduced or discontinued PPI use. GERD‐HRQL scores improved from 20.3 to 10.9 (p = 0.004), GerdQ from 10.4 to 6.9 (p < 0.001), and FSSG from 24.0 to 13.2 (p < 0.001). No severe complications (Clavien‐Dindo Grade ≥3), delayed bleeding or dysphagia requiring balloon dilation were reported. Conclusions ARM‐P/V demonstrates safety, technical feasibility, and short‐term efficacy in GERD treatment. As a refinement of ARMV, it offers a promising alternative to current techniques.




Anti-reflux Mucosal Ablation (ARMA)

May 2025

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1 Read

Anti-reflux mucosal ablation (ARMA) is a novel and minimally invasive endoscopic approach for managing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Building upon the principles of anti-reflux mucosectomy (ARMS), ARMA uses targeted mucosal ablation at the gastric cardia to induce scarring and reshape the mucosal flap valve, enhancing its anti-reflux barrier. This chapter focuses on ARMA, its simplified technique, clinical efficacy, safety profile, and its role in bridging the treatment gap for GERD patients who are refractory to proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) or unwilling to undergo surgery. Clinical studies demonstrate its effectiveness in symptom relief, acid exposure reduction, and decreasing dependency on PPIs, making ARMA a promising addition to GERD management.






Citations (37)


... 28 Additionally, intragastric pressure (IGP) was evalu-ated using the Endoscopic Pressure Study Integrated System (EPSIS), which continuously measures IGP during gastric insufflation through esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). [29][30][31][32] EPSIS parameters, previously validated as reliable for assessing EARTh outcomes, 32 were compared before and after treatment. ...

Reference:

A pilot study on anti‐reflux mucoplasty with valve as novel endoscopic therapy for gastroesophageal reflux disease
Utility of endoscopic pressure study integrated system for gastroesophageal reflux disease after endoscopic antireflux therapy
  • Citing Article
  • January 2025

Digestive Endoscopy

... Endoscopy, the gold standard for ESCC diagnosis, relies heavily on the skill and experience of the endoscopist. Subtle lesions may be missed, particularly in resource-limited settings where access to highquality equipment and trained personnel is restricted (Hassan et al., 2024). Biopsy, while essential for histopathological confirmation, is an invasive procedure that carries risks such as bleeding and perforation. ...

Position statement of the World Endoscopy Organization: Role of endoscopy in screening, diagnosis, and treatment of esophageal superficial squamous neoplasia
  • Citing Article
  • December 2024

Digestive Endoscopy

... Achalasia cardia is a rare disease with a reported incidence of one per 1,00,000 population. Peroral endoscopic myotomy is a novel procedure for the management of achalasia cardia, which was first performed in Japan in 2008 [3]. A randomized controlled trial (RCT) has shown that laparoscopic hellers myotomy, compared to balloon dilation, is not associated with superior rates of therapeutic success in these patients [4]. ...

Endoscopic Treatment for Esophageal Achalasia:Per-oral Endoscopic Myotomy( POEM)
  • Citing Article
  • September 2024

Kyobu geka. The Japanese journal of thoracic surgery

... Inoue et al. proposed the "phase concept" regarding the antireflux mechanism. 9 According to this concept, the antireflux mechanism of the esophagus and stomach consists of three phases: Phase I (gastric phase), Phase II (lower esophageal sphincter phase), and Phase III (esophageal clearance phase). Sling fibers and clasp fibers are included in Phase I. Generally, endoscopic antireflux procedures aim to restore Phase I. ...

Phase concept: Novel dynamic endoscopic assessment of intramural antireflux mechanisms (with video)
  • Citing Article
  • September 2024

Digestive Endoscopy

... Under general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation, all procedures were performed by a single operator (Haruhiro Inoue) using a therapeutic endoscope (H290T; Olympus) 24 with a super-soft hood (Space Adjuster; TOP) 42 attached, an endoscopic snare (Smart Snare Hex25; TOP Corporation or Snare Master 25 mm; Olympus), and silk thread (NA11SW; NescoSuture) for angulation control. 43 For endoscopic submucosal dissection, an electrosurgical unit (VIO3; ERBE Elektromedizin GmbH) was employed with Endocut I current settings of 1-3-3. Mucosal incisions were made along approximately one-third of the lesser curvature circumference using a Triangle Tip Knife J (TTJ; Olympus) after saline with indigo carmine was injected. ...

Handmade snare-assisted endoscope tip-bending angulation booster

VideoGIE

... Various endoscopic treatments for refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) have been reported by Inoue et al., including antireflux mucosectomy, 1 antireflux mucosal ablation, 2 antireflux mucoplasty (ARM-P), 3 and ARM-P with a valve. 4 Specifically, ARM-P 3 involves resecting 1/3-2/3 of the mucosa at the gastric lesser curvature using endoscopic mucosal resection or endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), followed by suturing of the mucosal defect to reconstruct the gastroesophageal junction, leading to immediate treatment effects. ...

Introducing Anti-Reflux Mucoplasty with Valve: A Novel Endoscopic Treatment for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

VideoGIE

... The differences were mainly in the time of submucosal tunnelling and myotomy, and without significant differences between the two groups in terms of the time taken to perform mucosal incisions and closure. Moreover, there was no significant difference in median submucosal tunnel and myotomy length between the two groups (12 [10][11][12][13]cm vs 12 [11][12][13] cm, P = 0.730, and 7 [7][8][9] cm vs 7 [7][8][9][10] cm, P = 0.501, in the FTM and CMM groups, respectively). Additionally, both groups underwent gastric and esophageal myotomies were similar in length. ...

Novel scale for evaluating the therapeutic efficacy of per-oral endoscopic myotomy in achalasia
  • Citing Article
  • May 2024

Journal of Gastroenterology

... However, these are invasive procedures with high complication rates [30][31][32]. In addition to progress in surgical management with minimally invasive techniques and robotics, new endoscopic approaches, such as D-POEM with septotomy have been shown to be as effective as surgery with shorter hospital stays and reduced anesthesia times [33,34]. ...

Clinical outcomes of peroral endoscopic myotomy with and without septotomy for management of epiphrenic diverticula – an international multicenter experience
  • Citing Article
  • May 2024

Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

... It was reported as safe and sufficient in closing defects after gastric subepithelial lesion removal under laparoscopic observation, rectal EFTR, thoracoscopy-assisted esophageal EFTR, POEM, gastric POEM, antireflux mucoplasty, postoperative anastomotic leak, and mucosal closure for gastric ulcer bleeding [21][22][23][24][25][26]. Moreover, it was successful in closing rare fistulas after the removal of the lumen-apposing metal stent (LAMS) [27] and preventing self-expandable metal stents (SEMS) from migrating in the digestive tract [28]. In addition, Okamura et al. [29] recently described the case of EHS following ESD at the anastomosis after right hemicolectomy. ...

Endoscopic hand suturing of a covered self-expandable metal stent to prevent migration in malignant gastric outlet obstruction

Endoscopy

... Two to three reopenable endoclips (SureClip; Microtech) secured the mucosal edge to the muscle layer to maintain flap elevation ( Figure 2). Mucosal defects were closed using established techniques, including loop clips (Loop-9), 44 anchor pronged clips (MANTIS; Boston Scientific; Figure 3), 45 and endoscopic hand suturing with a needle holder (FG-260Q; Olympus), and 3-0 V-Loc sutures (VLOCN0804; Medtronic). 46 The choice of closure method was solely at the operator's discretion. ...

Closure in Anti-Reflux Mucoplasty using Anchor Prong Clips: Dead Space Eliminating Technique

VideoGIE