Haoming Liu’s research while affiliated with Hohai University and other places

... In hybrid AC/DC MGs, the droop control technique has been frequently utilized [4]. The droop control compared the output values of AC frequency and DC voltage with their nominal values. ...

Reference:

Control strategy of frequency and DC voltage for interfacing converter of hybrid AC/DC microgrid based on improved virtual synchronous generator

... Assuming the total system FM requirement equals 10% of the total load, with a curtailment penalty cost of 0.6 CNY/kWh, the system daily load profile is depicted in Figure 4 [22,23]. To avoid vicious competition, given the offer range of the PV-ESS alliance, the electric energy offer is [0.1, 0.3] CNY/kWh, and the FM capacity and FM mileage offer range is [0, 0.02] CNY/kWh [24]. The convergence criterion for the solving process is set such that the difference between successive iterations is less than or equal to 1.5%. ...

Reference:

Bidding Strategy for the Alliance of Prosumer Aggregators in the Distribution Market

... and they require expensive high-performance computing and high-speed communication networks to meet the ancillary service requirements satisfactorily. To mitigate these challenges, distributed control approaches are proposed with DERs as a multi-agent system [5]- [7]. Advantages of distributed approaches include coordination using only local computations and plug-and-play capability. ...

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A Distributed Malicious Agent Detection Scheme for Resilient Power Apportioning in Microgrids

... In smart buildings, CPS facilitates seamless interaction between digital controls and physical HVAC components, leading to enhanced energy efficiency and occupant comfort. For instance, Yuan et al. (2024) proposed a multi-objective optimization control strategy within a CPS framework to manage air conditioning cluster loads, enabling dynamic participation in demand response programs and achieving effective load balancing. By leveraging real-time data from sensors and IoT devices, CPS can autonomously adjust HVAC operations based on occupancy patterns, ambient conditions, and energy demand forecasts. ...

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Optimizing Thermal Management in Hydrogen Fuel Cells for Smart HVAC Systems and Sustainable Building Energy Solutions

... Ref. [22] presents an effective coordinated control strategy that integrates controllable devices with varying time-response scales within low-voltage distribution networks. Ref. [23] proposes a strategy aimed at optimizing the economy and security of daily operations in the distribution network by incorporating the active support of distributed PV systems and ES systems for dayahead intraday co-optimization. However, most of the literature considers only reactive regulation of PV inverters or active regulation of ES, and less research is carried out from the perspective of integrated active-reactive joint regulation of multiple distributed resources, in addition to paying less attention to short-term fluctuations in voltage and emergencies in real-time timescale grids. ...

Reference:

Multi-Timescale Reactive Power Optimization and Regulation Method for Distribution Networks Under a Multi-Source Interaction Environment

... Edmunds [46] et al. have implemented the LMP to different voltage levels that may coincide with RE, based on the DER penetration, which will initiate the lowest daily price. Yang et al. [47] propose the distribution LMP (DLMP) based on a bi-level Stackelberg game framework within the upper level where zonal authority broadcasts the workloads across the distribution unit where the energy storage, RES, and staticvar generators are located. Then, the distribution service calculates the DLMP based on the two tariff schemes, assuming the grid is uncongested and the bus voltage is within the limit. ...

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Modeling of Electric Vehicle Tariff Using Real-Time Elasticity Regional Pricing Within Indonesian Grid Authority Case Study: Java-Madura-Bali Provinces

... It assumes certain future conditions based on the current situation, enabling qualitative analysis and static carbon emissions prediction. Assumptions in it may be carbon taxes (Pradhan et al., 2018), energy efficiency , population (Zhang & Luo, 2023) and other factors that have an impact on carbon emissions (Rong et al., 2022;Zhai et al., 2023). The second is regression analysis. ...

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Timely achievement of carbon peak for China: evidence from major energy-consuming industries

... Reference [7] proposes a wind-hydrogen energy system model, consisting of a wind turbine power generation system and a hydrogen storage system, and optimizes the configured capacity of the hydrogen storage system with the objective function of minimizing the system investment cost, operation, and maintenance cost. Reference [8] proposes an integrated energy system integrating hydrogen and electricity, considering both the operating costs of the system and the environmental costs associated with the buyback for constructing an optimal scheduling model for the coupled electricity-hydrogen-carbon system. Reference [9], an integrated energy system the probability distribution or fuzzy affiliation function of uncertain parameters is not known [27,28]. ...

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Economic Dispatch of Integrated Energy Systems Considering Wind–Photovoltaic Uncertainty and Efficient Utilization of Electrolyzer Thermal Energy

... Alternative energy sources constitute an increasing share of the energy mix worldwide due to the global drive to cut emissions of greenhouse gases [1,2]. Renewable energy sources are attracting great research interest due to their minimal pollution, but they are prone to highly variable energy production [3]. Thus, energy storage in the form of hydrogen (and NH3) is being developed, as it can be utilized in fuel cells [4][5][6]. ...

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Numerical Analysis of Gas Flow Distribution Characteristics in a 5 kW Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell Stack

... Shao et al. built a distributed phase change material unit model and a photovoltaic energy storage system model and analyzed the actual capacity of the distributed energy system participating in scheduling [39]. Yang et al. proposed a double-layer optimization method for distributed shared energy storage with source network co-operation, achieving a 100% new energy consumption rate and reducing the peak-valley load difference by 61% [40]. Li et al. developed a distributed robust model for multi-microgrid systems, optimizing the energy storage capacity with electro-hydrogen hybrid energy storage. ...

Reference:

A Review of Distributed Energy Systems: Technologies, Classification, and Applications