Hannah E. Segaloff's research while affiliated with The Epidemic Intelligence Service and other places

Publications (38)

Article
We report on five SARS-CoV-2 congregate setting outbreaks at U.S. Operation Allies Welcome Safe Havens/military facilities. Outbreak data were collected, and attack rates were calculated for various populations. Even in vaccinated populations, there was rapid spread, illustrating the importance of institutional prevention and mitigation policies in...
Article
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Abstract Background University students commonly received COVID-19 vaccinations before returning to U.S. campuses in the Fall of 2021. Given likely immunologic variation among students based on differences in type of primary series and/or booster dose vaccine received, we conducted serologic investigations in September and December 2021 on a large...
Article
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Background: Patients are admitted to the hospital for respiratory illness at different stages of their disease course. It is important to appropriately analyse this heterogeneity in surveillance data to accurately measure disease severity among those hospitalized. The purpose of this study was to determine if unique baseline clusters of influenza...
Article
Background and objective: Childcare attendance is a common risk factor for acute respiratory illness (ARI) in young children. Our goal was to better understand the specific respiratory viruses that predominate in childcare, which may support the development of tailored illness prevention and intervention strategies in childcare settings. Methods:...
Preprint
Background: Patients are admitted to the hospital for respiratory illness at different stages of their disease course. It is important to appropriately analyse this heterogeneity in surveillance data to accurately measure disease severity among those hospitalized. The purpose of this study was to determine if unique baseline clusters of influenza p...
Article
Full-text available
The SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant of Concern is highly transmissible and contains mutations that confer partial immune escape. The emergence of Delta in North America caused the first surge in COVID-19 cases after SARS-CoV-2 vaccines became widely available. To determine whether individuals infected despite vaccination might be capable of transmitting S...
Article
Objective: Characterize college student COVID-19 behaviors and attitudes during the early pandemic. Participants: Students on two university campuses in Wisconsin. Methods: Surveys administered in September and November 2020. Results: Few students (3-19%) participated in most in-person activities during the semester, with eating at restaurants...
Article
The current identification of monkeypox clusters in several countries that do not have endemic disease and involving patients with no direct travel history to an area with endemic monkeypox suggests person-to-person community spread. Close contact with infected persons or fomites (e.g., shared linens) is the most significant risk factor for Monkeyp...
Article
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On August 29, 2021, the United States government oversaw the emergent establishment of Operation Allies Welcome (OAW), led by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and implemented by the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) and U.S. Department of State (DoS), to safely resettle U.S. citizens and Afghan nationals from Afghanistan to the United...
Article
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Background To improve understanding of the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, we examined seroprevalence, incidence of infection, and seroconversion among a cohort of young adults living on university campuses during the fall of 2020. Methods At the beginning (semester start) and end (semester end) of an 11-week period, serum collected fro...
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Introduction In Southeast Michigan, active surveillance studies monitor influenza activity in hospitals, ambulatory clinics, and community households. Across five respiratory seasons, we assessed the contribution of data from each of the three networks towards improving our overall understanding of regional influenza circulation. Methods All three...
Article
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We describe characteristics associated with having coronavirus disease (COVID-19) among students residing on a university campus. Of 2,187 students, 528 (24.1%) received a COVID-19 diagnosis during fall semester 2020. Students sharing a bedroom or suite had approximately twice the odds of contracting COVID-19 as those living alone.
Article
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University settings have demonstrated potential for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreaks; they combine congregate living, substantial social activity, and a young population predisposed to mild illness. Using genomic and epidemiologic data, we describe a COVID-19 outbreak at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA. During A...
Article
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Background Performance characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 antigen tests among children are limited despite the need for point-of-care testing in school and childcare settings. We describe children seeking SARS-CoV-2 testing at a community site and compare antigen test performance to real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and...
Article
Background Multiple SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks occurred at universities during Fall 2020, but little is known about risk factors for campus-associated infections immunity provided by anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in young adults. Methods We conducted surveys and serology tests among students living in dormitories in September and November to examine infect...
Preprint
Full-text available
Background: Performance characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 antigen tests among children are limited despite the need for point-of-care testing in school and childcare settings. We describe children seeking SARS-CoV-2 testing at a community site and compare antigen test performance to real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and...
Article
Background High-frequency, rapid-turnaround SARS-CoV-2 testing continues to be proposed as a way of efficiently identifying and mitigating transmission in congregate settings. However, two SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks occurred among intercollegiate university athletic programs during the fall 2020 semester despite mandatory directly observed daily antigen...
Preprint
Full-text available
University settings have demonstrated potential for COVID-19 outbreaks, as they can combine congregate living, substantial social activity, and a young population predisposed to mild illness. Using genomic and epidemiologic data, we describe a COVID-19 outbreak at the University of Wisconsin (UW)-Madison. During August - October 2020, 3,485 student...
Article
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Adults aged ≥65 years are at increased risk for severe outcomes from COVID-19 and were identified as a priority group to receive the first COVID-19 vaccines approved for use under an Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) in the United States (1-3). In an evaluation at 24 hospitals in 14 states,* the effectiveness of partial or full vaccination† with Pf...
Article
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Repeating the BinaxNOW antigen test for SARS-CoV-2 by two groups of readers within 30 minutes resulted in high concordance (98.9%) in 2,110 encounters. BinaxNOW test sensitivity was 77.2% (258/334) compared to real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Same day antigen testing did not significantly improve test sensitivity while spe...
Preprint
Full-text available
Repeating the BinaxNOW antigen test for SARS-CoV-2 by two groups of readers within 30 minutes resulted in high concordance (98.9%) in 2,110 encounters. BinaxNOW test sensitivity was 77.2% (258/334) compared to real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Same day antigen testing did not significantly improve test sensitivity while spe...
Article
SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, can spread rapidly in prisons and can be introduced by staff members and newly transferred incarcerated persons (1,2). On September 28, 2020, the Wisconsin Department of Health Services (DHS) contacted CDC to report a COVID-19 outbreak in a state prison (prison A). During October 6-20, a CDC team investig...
Article
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Background The 2018/2019 influenza season in the WHO European Region was dominated by influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 and (H3N2) viruses, with very few influenza B viruses detected. Methods Countries in the European Region reported virus characterization data to The European Surveillance System for weeks 40/2018 to 20/2019. These virus antigenic and genet...
Article
Importance The burden of influenza among young children is high, and influenza vaccination is the primary strategy to prevent the virus and its complications. Less is known about differences in clinical protection following 1 vs 2 doses of initial influenza vaccination. Objectives To describe patterns of influenza vaccination among young children...
Article
Background: Influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) varies by season, circulating influenza strain, age, and geographic location. There have been few studies of influenza VE among hospitalized children, particularly in Europe and the Middle East. Methods: We estimated VE against influenza hospitalization among children aged 6 months to 8 years at C...
Article
The test negative design is validated in outpatient but not inpatient studies of influenza vaccine effectiveness. The prevalence of chronic pulmonary disease among inpatients may lead to nonrepresentative controls. Test negative design estimates are biased if vaccine administration is associated with incidence of non-influenza viruses. We evaluated...
Article
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Background Out-of-home child care (CC) is a risk factor for viral acute respiratory infection (ARI) in young children. Little is known, however, about differences in frequencies of viral infection between CC children and those cared for exclusively at home. Methods Using surveillance data from the HIVE household cohort in southeast Michigan from 2...
Article
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In the World Health Organization European Region, the 2018/19 influenza season started in week 49 2018, crossing 10% virus-positivity in sentinel surveillance specimens. At week 5 2019, activity remained elevated with positivity rates at 55%. Both A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) viruses circulated widely and detection levels in primary care and hospital s...
Thesis
Influenza is a serious respiratory virus in terms of global morbidity and mortality. Patients hospitalized with influenza generally have comorbidities contributing to their disease severity and are most at risk for further severe influenza-related outcomes. Despite the importance of this group, there are few studies investigating interventions in p...
Article
Our objective was to identify predictors of severe acute respiratory infection in hospitalised patients and understand the impact of vaccination and neuraminidase inhibitor administration on severe influenza. We analysed data from a study evaluating influenza vaccine effectiveness in two Michigan hospitals during the 2014–2015 and 2015–2016 influen...
Article
A significant proportion of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) also present with clinical manifestations of inflammatory response, which may be confused with a concomitant infection. This leads to a dilemma regarding the empiric use of antibiotics. We explored if serum procalcitonin (PCT), which is known to be elevated in bacterial inf...
Article
Objective: To evaluate the effect of overweight and obesity on outcomes and resource use among patients with sepsis in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Design: Retrospective analysis of clinical characteristics, resource use, and mortality among children 0 to 20 years of age admitted to the C.S. MottChildren's Hospital PICU (University...
Article
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Background The beginning of the 2014–2015 respiratory season in the United States was marked by reports of a re-emergent subtype of enterovirus (EV-D68). Documented EV-D68 was associated with severe asthma exacerbations and neurologic effects; however rapid assays in clinical use detect rhinovirus/enterovirus more broadly. The objective of our stud...
Conference Paper
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Background Vaccination and treatment with neuraminidase inhibitors can reduce incidence and severity of influenza. Observational studies suggest antiviral treatment reduces influenza symptom duration and severe outcomes among hospitalized patients. The interaction of the effects of vaccination and antiviral treatment against severe influenza has no...
Article
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Background Significant proportion of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) also present with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Thus it is difficult to determine in certain situations, whether empiric antibiotic treatment is warranted. Serum procalcitonin (PCT) is known to be elevated in bacterial infections, but its performa...
Article
Background Obesity was identified as a risk factor for severe influenza during the 2009 influenza A(H1N1) pandemic, but evidence of this association has been mixed since. Post-pandemic antiviral treatment guidelines may have increased antiviral treatment among obese individuals. Methods A prospective study of adults hospitalized with laboratory-con...
Article
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Unlabelled: This paper describes a high-throughput method that relies upon a microplate reader to score coaggregation 60 min postmixing, and use of a high-speed real-time imaging technology to describe the rate of coaggregation over time. The results of visual, microplate, and FlowCam(™) aggregation scores for oral bacteria Streptococcus gordonii,...

Citations

... For example, it has been reported that, today, vaccines are not very effective against infection and transmission of the Omicron variant, even at the peak of the immune response after boosting. Thus, it is likely that the level of neutralizing antibodies needed to protect against infection with the highly transmissible Omicron variant should be much higher than that required to protect against previous variants [15,49]. ...
... Recently, a cohort study has explored viral load dynamics during the prevalence of the Gamma variant under the influence of CoronaVac and Covishield vaccines, suggesting that these vaccines may not significantly decrease SARS-CoV-2 viral load compared to unvaccinated individuals [21]. Similarly, research on the Delta variant has found even higher SARS-CoV-2 viral loads in unvaccinated individuals compared to those vaccinated with CoronaVac or Covishield [21,22,[35][36][37]. Studies involving other vaccines like Comirnaty (Pfizer-BioNTech) and Spikevax (Moderna) have also failed to identify a significant impact on viral load in Delta variant infections [38]. ...
... Their diaries revealed impacts on social intimacy, social events, and socioemotional distress. While some research has suggested college students were careless and sometimes brazen in the counter-SD risks they took (Martinez, 2018;Rosenblum et al., 2022), and other research shows that a variety of factors can weaken compliance (Rahimi-Feyzabad et al., 2023), our diaries portrayed feelings of vulnerability and dutiful compliance to SD protocols. Our observation that fear and joy were proportionately the most common emotions associated their passages discussing SD is a testament to the emotional turmoil students were experiencing. ...
... Document analysis is one of the analytical methods in qualitative research, which reviews and evaluates various kinds of documents (print and electronic) to gain understanding and empirical knowledge Morgan, (2022). Document analysis was conducted by analyzing CP (Capaian Pembelajaran), ATP (Alur Tujuan Pembelajaran), and textbooks used by students. ...
... Numerous deaths linked to varicella are caused by the typical complications, which mostly affect adults, newborns, and immune-compromised people. Varicella subclinical cases are rare [25,26] . ...
... ; month seroprevalence values were likely mostly due to natural infection, it is expected that the vaccine rollout played a significant role in the increase in seropositivity at 12 months. While smaller serosurveys have identified significant trends among small populations, these trends may not be applicable in larger populations (35,36). In this study we utilized a large number of samples from the United States and additionally screened for antibodies against a wide number of antigens to allow for identification of trends in seroprevalence for several different antigens to overcome some of the limitations of smaller serosurveys. ...
... Year-round acute respiratory illness (ARI) surveillance began in 2015. [10][11][12][13] The study conducted active surveillance for ARIs among cohort enrollees during the COVID-19 pandemic once new strategies to collect specimens were implemented according to SARS-CoV-2 transmissioncontrol restrictions. 14 Here, we report changes to the circulation of respiratory viruses throughout multiple early waves of the pandemic in a cohort of households reporting high levels of COVID-19 mitigation practices with repeated serosurveys for the acquisition of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. ...
... Because of the limitations on movement around the university, students are likely to spend more time in their halls of residence each day. According to studies, students who share a bedroom are twice as likely to be infected as those who live alone [57]. In addition, many students find distance learning physically and psychologically stressful and are eager to return to school but reluctant to take the risk [58]. ...
... Furthermore, IHEs could drive transmission to surrounding communities, which can be more susceptible to severe disease than IHE populations [1][2][3][4] . Many IHEs reported outbreaks of COVID-19 shortly after the 2020-2021 academic year began 3,[5][6][7][8][9] . Cases also increased rapidly during this time in US counties that had IHEs 1,3,10 , although increases were less severe in counties with IHEs that implemented mitigation measures including online instruction and SARS-CoV-2 surveillance testing 11 . ...
... To determine if nasal samples have an equivalent detection ability to nasopharyngeal samples with RAT, we also included 115 papers that employ nasopharyngeal swabs (Table S2). Among the 49 studies on nasal swabs containing 79,073 samples [2][3][4]6,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29], all of them were published between 2021 and 2022, and twenty-one studies were conducted in the USA [12,14,15,18,21,22,[25][26][27][32][33][34][35]39,44,45,[47][48][49][50][51]. Thirty-four studies described the patients' symptom status [2,4,6,11,12,14,16,[18][19][20][21][22][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][42][43][44][46][47][48]50,51]. ...