Hanna Chornoivan’s research while affiliated with National Academy of Sciences and other places

The article discusses the challenges of employment for higher education graduates and justifies effective approaches to developing employment skills and further career growth. It is noted that the key skills for employment include multitasking, leadership, critical thinking, creativity, determination, communicativeness, the ability to present activity results, flexibility, decision-making, teamwork, responsibility for achieving common goals, and so on. Approaches to organizing educational activities and skill development methods are highlighted: a differentiated approach, student-centered learning, the use of active teaching methods, networking, mentoring, coaching. Traditional and innovative methods of graduates' skill development are singled out (project method, puzzles, mind maps, discussions, debates, interactive mini-lectures, presentations, problem-based learning, inquiry-based learning, case method, etc.). Emphasis is placed on the activities of university structural units in providing comprehensive preparation of graduates for the job market, covering skills such as successful resume writing, interviewing, job interviews, adaptation to the first job, lifelong learning, and time management.

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of professional development, employment and academic career in the USA. It is emphasized that for the successful development of an academic career, it is necessary to apply a systematic approach, in particular, to take into account personal development, continuous learning and career management. The practice of the American National Association for Career Development is considered, the prerequisites and resources for career growth are determined. Presented are practical tools for self-assessment and diagnosis of career paths, an opportunity for researchers at various career stages to participate in a mentoring program for leadership development, sharing experiences, planning and achieving goals, supporting continuous career growth and lifelong learning. The article analyzes the experience of organizing professional development and of support for career of employees in leading USA universities: Harvard University, Stanford University, and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Attention is focused on the joint mission of the institutions, which consists in the value for human capital development through the comprehensive realization of the potential of each individual, the creation of favourable conditions for life and professional growth, decent financial support and career growth prospects. It is noted that the main trends in the development of the academic career and employment of graduates of the mentioned institutions in the USA include internal mobility, professional development, continuous training and professional development, organization and activity of professional networks, career coaching, mentoring program.

The article emphasizes the importance of creating and implementing policies at the national and institutional levels for the development of an academic career in the context of European integration processes. On the basis of a comparative analysis of national and European policies, the essence and components of academic career development in universities are revealed, attention is focused on the need to reform domestic higher education in the context of Ukraine's integration into the European Research Area. It was established that the main features of an academic career are stages, external and internal factors of influence and planning. An academic career is considered as a certain type of professional activity in the field of higher education and science, in which the formation, development and development of researchers, disclosure of research potential, achievement of established quantitative and qualitative requirements for research, successful promotion through certain steps (positions), acquisition of high social status and authority in the academic sphere. It was determined that the mechanisms of the academic career include evaluation (criteria: publication activity, quality and results of research, social influence and reputation, expert activity, research ethics and integrity, teaching based on research and innovation), academic mobility (participation in framework programs , projects and other EU initiatives, strengthening the research capacity of universities), support and motivation (the presence of structural units and developed policies in the university to meet the needs of researchers in support at the beginning of their careers, improving research competence, leadership and communication skills, mastering digital technologies).

The call for democratic reconstruction of education should contribute to the development of the acquisition and use of knowledge and thought of as a response to emerging technologies and trends in globalization. In particular, be aware that nowadays some unfair terms communities, individuals are privileged in having access to technology, a high-tech skills and cultural capital than the less privileged communities. One way to overcome this abyss of a whole complex of new classes of inequalities, gender, race, education is restructuring so that all students have access to new technologies and new knowledge in the system democratized education and training process. Hegelian dialectics can help the efficiency of the relationship between students and teachers today in a situation where there is a lack of cultural, social experience as well as the specific subjectivity between groups, nations and generations. Teachers, students, and citizens must recognize this potential conflict and consolidate work to overcome these conflicts, making these actions more productive. Overall, the democratization of education can be enhanced in part by increasing elaboration and interactive forms of education, including such as distance education, the development of collective educational websites, online discussions and a scientific online community, shared internet research projects. But the restructuring of education also requires targeted public, values education, literacy cultivation. For teaching and learning books and printed materials based on multimedia and Internet materials should be considered as an additional, rather than as the primary means of democratization of education.