Hamada AbdElgawad’s research while affiliated with Beni-Suef University and other places

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Publications (402)


Inoculation with Micromonospora sp. enhances carbohydrate and amino acid production, strengthening antioxidant metabolism to mitigate heat stress in wheat cultivars
  • Article

January 2025

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26 Reads

Frontiers in Plant Science

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Enas Shaban Ahmed

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Hamada Abdelgawad

Introduction Heat stress caused by global warming adversely affects wheat yield through declining most nutritional quality attributes in grains, excluding grain protein content. Methods This research investigated the biochemical, physiological, and antioxidant responses of wheat plants under heat stress, focusing on the role of plant growth-promoting bacteria (Micromonospora sp.). Two wheat genotypes were studied: one heat-sensitive and one heat-tolerant, examining their responses to heat stress with and without bacterial inoculation. Results Under heat stress, the sensitive cultivar experienced significant reductions in photosynthesis rate, chlorophyll content, and RuBisCO activity (57-61%), while the tolerant cultivar had milder reductions (24-28%). Micromonospora sp. treatment notably improved these parameters in the sensitive cultivar (+48-78%), resulting in a substantial increase in biomass production (+43-53%), which was not seen in the tolerant cultivar. Additionally, oxidative stress markers (H2O2 and MDA) were elevated more in the sensitive cultivar (82% and 90% higher) compared to the tolerant one. Micromonospora sp. treatment effectively reduced these markers in the sensitive cultivar (-28% and -27%). Enhanced activity of antioxidant enzymes and ASC-GSH pathway enzymes was particularly evident in Micromonospora sp.-treated sensitive plants. Carbohydrate metabolism shifted, with increased soluble sugars and significant rises in sucrose content in Micromonospora sp.-treated plants under stress. Discussion The higher soluble sugar levels facilitated amino acid synthesis, contributing to biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, polyphenols, and anthocyanins. This was reflected in increased activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, cinnamate (CA) 4-hydroxylase, and chalcone synthase enzymes, indicating the activation of phenylpropanoid pathways. Overall, the findings suggest that Micromonospora sp. can mitigate heat stress effects by enhancing photosynthetic efficiency, antioxidant defense, and metabolic adaptations in heat-sensitive wheat cultivars.


Enhancing off-season maize production through tailored nitrogen management and advanced cultivar selection techniques including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies

December 2024

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36 Reads

Agricultural Systems

New methods for cultivar selection are crucial for efficient nitrogen management; • Corn cultivars vary with nitrogen. Our selection method is inevitable. • Our method aid in precise cultivar selection for nitrogen responsiveness; • The cultivars response varies with fertility. Our selection method is necessary; • The results agree with previous studies, validating the selection methodology; Graphical abstract * Corresponding author. Context: Climate change can trigger excessive rainfall, making mechanized soybean harvesting unfeasible. The off-season maize cultivation can benefit from soybean-maize rotation system, inoculated with Bradyrhizobium spp. strains, as a potential biological source of nitrogen (N). To meet the nutritional demand of maize crops, N fertilization management is essential. Recent research has sought to understand how maize cultivars respond to mineral N application. Objective: In this work, we used a modern methodology to select maize cultivars with greater response to different application inputs of mineral N fertilizer, including N derived from soybean crop residues. Methods: We used the Manhattan distance to verify the similarity between the responses of four maize cultivars (30F53VYHR, AG8700 PRO3, B2433PWU, and SYN7G17 TL) that were either unfertilized or fertilized with 40, 80, 120, and 160 kg N ha − 1. The Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to the Ideal Solution method was applied to select the most responsive cultivar. Results and conclusions: Among the four maize cultivars, SYN7G17TL and AG8700PRO3 are more responsive to N fertilizer application in medium and high-fertility agricultural soils, respectively. When soil fertility levels are disregarded, the AG8700PRO3 cultivar has greater potential response to N fertilization, agreeing with previous studies. Significance: The proposed approach is easy to use and adapt and provides an appropriate mechanism for selecting maize cultivars sown in areas with soybean residues, thus contributing to more sustainable planting as it adequately assesses nitrogen management.



SEM images of synthesized Zn-Al LDH and Mg-Al LDH NPs. (a, b) SEM image showing stacked layers on each other of Zn-Al LDH NPs and (c, d) SEM image showing a layered morphology with homogeneously aggregated spherical particles of Mg-Al LDH NPs
(a) FTIR spectra of Mg-Al LDH NPs and Zn-Al LDH NPs (b) XRD patterns of Mg-Al LDH NPs and Zn-Al LDH NPs
Zeta potential of Mg-Al LDH NPs and Zn-Al LDH NPs at different PH
Accumulation of Zn and Mg minerals in geranium after application of Zn–Al LDH and Mg–Al LDH NPs. Vertical bars represent standard error (± SE) and number of biological replicates is 6 (N = 6). Different letters above the bars indicate significant differences between the treatments at p ≤ 0.05
Effect of Zn–Al LDH and Mg–AL LDH NPs on vegetative growth of geranium vertical bars demonstrate standard error (± SE) and the number of biological replicates is 6 (N = 6). Different letters above the bars represent a significant difference between the treatments at p ≤ 0.05

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Enhancing Pelargonium graveolens L’Hér. (geranium) growth using Zn–Al and Mg–Al LDH nanomaterials: a biochemical approach
  • Article
  • Full-text available

November 2024

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64 Reads

The approaches of nanoparticles (NPs) usage have been successfully applied to increase the growth and biological activity of aromatic and medicinal plants. In this context, we studied the effects of zinc–aluminum layered double hydroxide (Zn–Al LDH) and magnesium–Al LDH (Mg–Al LDH) NPs on geranium plants. Both LDH NPs were synthesized using the co-precipitation technique and characterized with SEM, FTIR, XRD, and Zeta potential. Using the spray method, Zn–Al LDH and Mg–Al LDH NPs (10 ppm) were used in a factorial experiment with a fully randomized design. Applying LDH NPs increased Mg and Zn content, which boosted plant growth, photosynthetic pigments, and soluble sugar levels. The administration of both LDH NPs results in a constant increase in secondary metabolites such as essential oils (EOs). Monoterpenes such as geraniol (32.7%) and β-citronellol (29.18%) were found to be the main components of the EO. Geranium plants treated with Mg–Al LDH NPs exhibited the highest levels of polyphenols (44.5%), flavonoids (33.5%), and total antioxidant capacity (31.7%). Additionally, LDH NPs had a favorable effect on antioxidant enzyme activity including catalase and peroxidase activities. Overall, Zn–Al LDH and Mg–Al LDH NPs foliar application acted as an elicitor to enhance growth and bioactive metabolite accumulation in geranium plants. Despite these promising results, several challenges remain for the broader application of LDH NPs in agriculture. Graphical abstract

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Priming with multiwalled carbon nanotubes improved biomass accumulation, biological activity and metabolism of four horticultural plants during the sprouting stage

November 2024

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36 Reads

BACKGROUND It is imperative to enhance the quality of sprouts since they are a rich source of various primary and secondary metabolites. The objective of this work was to examine how multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) priming at various concentrations affected the nutritional qualities of four horticultural plants (T. foenum‐graecum, L. grandiflorum, L. sativum and A. graveolens) and their sprouting processes. RESULTS Among the four applied concentrations (10–60 mgL⁻¹), MWCNTs at 10 and 40 mg L⁻¹ induced the highest biomass accumulation in L. grandiflorum and T. foenum‐graecum, respectively, while 60 mg L⁻¹ was most effective for L. sativum and A. graveolent. MWCNTs induced growth by enhancing photosynthesis, as shown by increased chlorophyll content and rubisco activity, which rose by 27%, 17%, 23% and 12% in T. foenum‐graecum, L. grandiflorum, L. sativum, and A. graveolens, respectively. Enhanced photosynthesis by MWCNTs improved sugar metabolism as indicated by increased activity of sugar metabolic enzymes such as amylase, starch synthase and invertase. This also supplied the carbon necessary for the production of primary (amino acids, fatty acids and organic acids) and secondary (flavonoids and polyphenols) metabolites. There was consistently higher activity of antioxidant enzymes (catalase and peroxidase). Interestingly, species‐specific reactions to MWCNT priming were observed, where L. sativum sprouts showed the highest antioxidant activity, followed by A. graveolens. CONCLUSION MWCNT priming improves sprout growth and nutritional quality by boosting metabolic processes and antioxidant activity, presenting a promising approach for sustainable agriculture. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.



Investigating the optimistic in-vitro and in-vivo therapeutic effects of wild grape: Vitis jacqumantii R. Parker

November 2024

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38 Reads

Heliyon

Vitis jacquemontii R. Parker is a wild grape traditionally used by indigenous people as a substitute for cultivated grapes. However, its therapeutic effects have not been extensively studied. In this study, we investigated the antioxidant, anticholinesterase, analgesic, and antidepressant properties of V. jacquemontii. The antioxidant potential of this wild fruit plant was evaluated using two widely recognized assays: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-asino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS). In-vitro anticholinesterase effects were determined by assessing butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition. The analgesic activity was assessed through writhing and tail immersion test models, while the antidepressant effect was evaluated using forced swimming and tail suspension test models. Results revealed the exceptional potential of V. jacquemontii as a valuable natural resource. The fruit extract (VJF-Crd) demonstrated remarkable free radical scavenging abilities, with an impressive IC50 value of 34.96 μg/mL for DPPH and 56.48 μg/mL for ABTS. The leaf extract (VJL-Crd) also exhibited considerable antioxidant properties, with IC50 values of 73.68 μg/mL for DPPH and 86.72 μg/mL for ABTS. Furthermore, VJF-Crd and VJL-Crd extracts displayed potent inhibitory activity against cholinesterase enzymes, with VJF-Crd demonstrating strong inhibition and VJL-Crd showing moderate inhibition. In terms of analgesia, these extracts exhibited dose-dependent responses in various pain models, with significant protection against acetic acid-induced writhing and tail immersion, showcasing their potential as natural pain relievers. Moreover, both VJF-Crd and VJL-Crd extracts displayed a notable decrease in immobility in the forced swimming and tail suspension test models, indicating their potential as natural antidepressants. These findings underscore the untapped potential of V. jacquemontii as a source of valuable chemical constituents. The isolation and identification of phyto-constituents from this plant hold promise for new bioactive compounds, particularly in pain management. This study sheds light on the multifaceted medicinal attributes of V. jacquemontii and opens new avenues for developing natural remedies for different ailments, especially pain management.


Spectroscopic analysis of wild medicinal desert plants from wadi sanor (beni-suef), Egypt, and their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities

October 2024

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64 Reads

Heliyon

Desert plants possess untapped potential for medicinal applications due to their rich phyto-chemical profiles. However, they need to be more explored. Thus, this study integrates advanced analytical, biochemical, and molecular techniques to investigate the phytochemical composition and biological activities (antimicrobial and antioxidant) of four desert plants (Pergularia tomen-tosa, Zygophyllum coccineum, Pulicaria undulata, and Ochradenus baccatus), collected from Wadi Sannor, Beni-Suef Governorate, Egypt, in March 2021. The volatile chemicals in the 70 % ethanol extracts of the selected plants were also analyzed using GC-MS. The extract exhibited strong antioxidant properties, as demonstrated by its FRAP (Ferric reducing ability of plasma) values, anti-lipid peroxidation, superoxide anion scavenging activity, and DPPH scavenging activity. Additionally, plants extracts showed high antimicrobial activities against seven pathogens, including three Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli) and four Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus salivarius). Lastly, molecular docking was conducted for cis-vaccenic acid, (E)-9-octadecenoic acid, the cyclohepta[b]furan-2-one scaffold, and URS-20(30)-en-3-ol against both the thymidylate kinase enzyme and the active sites of E. coli DNA gyrase. The results from the molecular docking studies showed a strong correlation with the biological data. Moreover, these compounds exhibited good, proposed absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion-toxicity (ADMET) profiles. Our study highlights the potential of P. tomentosa, Z. coccineum, P. undulata, and O. baccatus for future medical applications and the development of new pharmaceuticals derived from desert flora.


Changes in salinity and vegetation growth under different land use types during the reclamation in coastal saline soil

October 2024

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29 Reads

Chemosphere

The ecological construction in coastal saline-alkali areas urgently needs to be explored in terms of water-salt regulation management and functional irrigation. In this paper, the extremely severe saline soil in the eastern coastal area of the North China Plain was selected for vegetation rehabilitation by drip irrigation. Through two-year field experiments, the spatial and temporal soil salinity-water dynamics of three land use types (LUTS) under two irrigation strategies (IIS) were systematically studied. The results revealed: (1) The soils in the understory grassland and shrub land root zones remained stable for desalination, with the average ECe decreasing to 0.69 dS/m and 0.71 dS/m under autumn irrigation at surface, and 0.66 dS/m and 0.85 dS/m under winter irrigation. And a slight salt accumulation occurred in the bare land in stage IV. (2)The soil surface moisture increased, and the bulk density decreased significantly with drip irrigation. The final moisture of understory grassland and shrub land was 3.85 and 2.97 times that of the bare land layer at 0-10 cm, 2.55 and 1.97 times at 10-20 cm, and 1.61 times and 1.47 times at 20-40 cm, respectively. (3)Due to quick salt rinsing, Salix matsudana and Hibiscus maintained a high survival rate, and the germination of understory vegetation further increased the vegetation coverage. Meanwhile perennial understory herbs gradually became the dominant species, which positively effects on the maintenance of soil low-salt environment. (4)There were significant differences in SWC and ECe between autumn and winter irrigation treatment during stage I and stage II, indicating that irrigation strategies only impact on soil water-salt movement in the early stage. While there was no significant difference between understory grassland and shrub land, indicating that the research about the effects of vegetation cover type on water-salt transport should take a longer time scale.


Citations (54)


... This underscores the pivotal role of the GGDR gene in high light response and tocopherol synthesis [10,11]. And an appropriate amount of copper promotes the synthesis of chlorophyll and total phenols in Spinacia oleracea and Avena sativa, thereby enhancing the plants' photosynthetic efficiency and antioxidant capacity [12]. Studies on genes related to vitamin E biosynthesis in tomatoes have been more exhaustive than in other plants. ...

Reference:

GmGGDR Gene Confers Abiotic Stress Tolerance and Enhances Vitamin E Accumulation in Arabidopsis and Soybeans
Effects of copper sulphate stress on the morphological and biochemical characteristics of Spinacia oleracea and Avena sativa

BMC Plant Biology

... The yield improvement can be attributed to N fertilizer enhancing photosynthesis, tiller formation, root development, and nutrient uptake, as supported by Ghafoor et al. [4], Azam et al. [36], Yu et al. [37], and Cheng et al. [38]. On the other hand, Si application might have improved stress tolerance, strengthened plant structure, boosted the activity of photosynthetic enzymes, enhanced resistance to diseases and pests, and balanced essential nutrients, as suggested by Cheraghi et al. [9], Harizanova [39], and Da Silva [40]. ...

Planting pattern and nitrogen management strategies: positive effect on yield and quality attributes of Triticum aestivum L. crop

BMC Plant Biology

... The most suitable temperature range for rice growth is 25-30 • C. When the ambient temperature is lower than 15 • C, rice plants are subjected to chilling injury, which leads to stagnation of rice growth, fertility disorders, and, in severe cases, rice plant death [3]. The increase in cold tolerance can promote the expansion of rice to colder areas and reduce pressure on crops under traditional climatic conditions; thus, low-temperature chilling injury is a major problem in rice cultivation in many countries [4]. With global climate change and the increasing frequency of extreme weather, the impact of low-temperature stress on rice production is expected to increase. ...

Mitigating cold stress in rice: a study of genotype performance and sowing time

BMC Plant Biology

... Sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a source of NO, has been extensively studied for its effects on plant stress physiology [151][152][153]. The impact of calcium lignosulfonate (CLS) on the chemical characteristics of soil, plant physiology, and grain quality of maize under salt stress was recently assessed by Alhaj et al. (2024) [154]. According to their findings, applying CLS could reduce the effects of salinity stress by improving the chemical characteristics of the soil, which would increase the amount of K + and Ca++ ions that enter the soil solution, especially when the level is high (10%). ...

Calcium lignosulfonate-induced modification of soil chemical properties improves physiological traits and grain quality of maize (Zea mays) under salinity stress

... To meet the increasing food demand due to population growth, research is exploring innovative sustainable approaches such as laser light, elevated CO 2 levels, and rhizobacteria to enhance plant growth and productivity [9][10][11]. In this context, NTAP is a promising technology in agriculture that enhances plant growth, photosynthesis, and overall health. ...

Investigating the Endophyte Actinomycetota sp. JW0824 Strain as a Potential Bioinoculant to Enhance the Yield, Nutritive Value, and Chemical Composition of Different Cultivars of Anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) Seeds

Biology

... Nitrogen (N) is an integral part of amino acid and protein formation, which helps in salt tolerance by regulating several already-identified mechanisms (Arghavani et al. 2017;Noor et al. 2024). Plants uptake nitrate (NO 3 − ) and convert to nitrite (NO 2 − ) and ammonium (NH 4 + ) through reductase (NR) and nitrite reductase (NiR) enzymes during N metabolism (Liu et al. 2014). ...

Enhancing saline stress tolerance in soybean seedlings through optimal NH4/NO3 ratios: a coordinated regulation of ions, hormones, and antioxidant potential

BMC Plant Biology

... The TALE family comprises a group of genes characterized by a 63amino acid homology domain, with three additional residues inserted between helices 1 and 2, forming a subfamily within the homeobox gene superfamily. The TALE family comprises two subfamilies: BLH (BEL1-like homeodomain) and KNOX (KNOTTED-like homeodomain) (Ahmad et al., 2024). Members of the BLH subfamily contain three conserved domains: SKY, BELL, and homeodomain domains. ...

TALE gene family: identification, evolutionary and expression analysis under various exogenous hormones and waterlogging stress in Cucumis sativus L

BMC Plant Biology

... This suggests that moderate shading (up to 50%) does not significantly affect the crop's overall status, while higher shade levels (60%) impose severe stress. Understanding the shade Introduction Agroforestry, a land use system which combines crops and livestock with trees enhances yield and ecosystem services especially under climate change scenarios (Chavan et al. 2022(Chavan et al. , 2024. Addressing issues of land availability and productivity is critical in the context of climate change, food security, and land degradation. ...

Optimizing planting geometries in eucalyptus-based food production systems for enhanced yield and carbon sequestration

... Innovations and research needs are integral to safeguarding agriculture in a warming world. The development of climate-resilient crop varieties is paramount (Saeed et al., 2024). These varieties must be capable of thriving amidst the challenges posed by climate change, including higher temperatures, altered precipitation patterns, and resistance to emerging pests and diseases. ...

Salicylic acid and Tocopherol improve wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Physio-biochemical and agronomic features grown in deep sowing stress: a way forward towards sustainable production

BMC Plant Biology

... Soil physical and chemical properties such as; clay content, organic matter (O.M), cation exchange capacity (C.E.C) and soil pH affect phosphate availability greatly as discussed by Hamoud, [1]. Soils with high clay content have a greater capacity to loosely adsorb and retain P making it potentially available for plant uptake as discussed by Yan, [2], Hamoud, [1], Chen, and Arai, [3]. ...

Increasing soil clay content increases soil phosphorus availability and improves the growth, physiology, and phosphorus uptake of rice under alternative wetting and mild drying irrigation

Environmental Technology & Innovation