Hakan Aykan's research while affiliated with The Philadelphia Center and other places

... We screened 191 studies at the full-text stage and selected 59 studies for inclusion. Of the 60 studies, 42 were conducted in the United States (Ahmed, Ali, Lefante, Mullick, & Kinney, 2006;Ahmed, Allman, & DeLong, 2003;Akamigbo, 2007;Akamigbo & Wolinsky, 2006Andel, Hyer, & Slack, 2007;Angel, Angel, Aranda, & Miles, 2004;Angel, Douglas, & Angel, 2003;Angelelli, Grabowski, & Mor, 2006;Aykan, 2002;Baxter, Bryant, Scarbro, & Shetterly, 2001;Berridge & Mor, 2017;Cai, Salmon, & Rodgers, 2009;Duffy, Jackson, Schim, Ronis, & Fowler, 2006;Feng, Fennell, Tyler, Clark, & Mor, 2011;Friedman, Steinwachs, Rathouz, Burton, & Mukamel, 2005;Gandhi, Lim, Davis, & Chen, 2017;Gaugler, Kane, Kane, & Newcomer, 2006;Gaugler, Leach, Clay, & Newcomer, 2004;Goodwin, Howrey, Zhang, & Kuo, 2011;Harris, 2007;Harris & Cooper, 2006;Iwasaki, Pierson, Madison, & McCurry, 2016;Jackson, Johnson, & Roberts, 2008;Jang, Kim, Chiriboga, & Cho, 2008;Kersting, 2001a,b;Liu, Wissoker, & Swett, 2007;McCormick et al., 2002;McLaughlin, Elahi, Ciesielski, & Pomerantz, 2016;Miller, Schneider, & Rosenheck, 2011;Min, 2005;Putney, Keary, Hebert, Krinsky, & Halmo, 2018;Quigley, 2017;Riley, 2019;Rodriguez, 2004;Sharma, 2017;Spillman & Long, 2009;Stein, Beckerman, & Sherman, 2010;Stevens et al., 2004;Temple, Andel, & Dobbs, 2010;Yaffe et al., 2002), seven in Canada (Brotman, Ryan, & Cormier, 2003;Forgues, Doucet, & Noël, 2011;Gui & Koropeckyj-Cox, 2016;Kortes-Miller, Boulé, Wilson, & Stinchcombe, 2018;Lai, 2004;Metz, 2007;Qureshi et al., 2021), three in Norway (Arora, Rechel, Bergland, Straiton, & Debesay, 2020;Czapka & Sagbakken, 2020;Hanssen & Tran, 2018), two in Australia (Basic, Shanley, & Gonzales, 2017;Waling et al., 2019), two in Sweden (Heikkilä & Ekman, 2003;Innes, 2020), and one each in Belgium (Ahaddour, van den Branden, & Broeckaert, 2016), Hong Kong (Chui, Arat, Chan, & Wong, 2019), The Netherlands (Tenand, Bakx, & van Doorslaer, 2020), Taiwan (Chung et al., 2008) and the United Kingdom (Herat-Gunaratne et al., 2020). ...

... However, our empirical results in this regard were not statistically significant. Aykan and Wolf [83] found that for married adult children, co-living with their parents was not a fixed norm. Continuous economic developments and concomitant social changes have decreased the popularity of co-residence among parents and their adult children. ...

... Since the 1980s, as life expectancy has increased, according to data from the Longitudinal Study of Aging and the National Health Interview Survey, U.S. population rates of disability and other ailments affecting daily physical function have steadily declined (3). Unfortunately, the same clear-cut progress in patient health has not been observed in the domain of cognitive functioning (4,5). Given that dementia directly correlates with increased age, prolongation of brain health stands out as the key to lengthening health span to keep up with life span. ...

... 8,[51][52][53][54][55][56] Some studies acknowledge possible concerns with practice effects, but dismiss them as unlikely to be important. 49,57 However, more recent studies that explicitly model practice effects in contexts other than population-based research on cognitive impairment find effect sizes large enough to bias results. 12,26,28,29,32,39,58,59 Calamia and colleagues 40 review the practice effects literature and suggest that the effect size may be up to a quarter of a standard deviation. ...

... They may develop very close relationships with the children of other family members (nephews, godchildren) as a substitute for having children of their own (Dykstra & Hagestad, 2007b). Nevertheless, as these relationships are unlikely to fully compensate for the support older people normally receive from their adult children ), childless people are less likely to be involved in intergenerational exchanges Albertini & Mencarini, 2014;Deindl & Brandt, 2017;Wenger et al., 2000), and face a higher risk of having to use formal care services at home or in an institution (Aykan, 2003;Deindl & Brandt, 2017;Dykstra, 2009;Ivanova & Dykstra, 2015;Wenger et al., 2000). ...

... Although it is clear that disability in the older population declined in the 1980s and 1990s, it is much less clear why disability has declined. Some researchers have emphasized technology and medical care as possible explanations (Cutler, 2001), while others have emphasized improvements in education of the elderly (Freedman & Aykan, 2003). Understanding why disability decline has occurred is important in predicting whether or not it will continue and forecasting the future healthcare needs of the ageing population. ...

... Likewise, questions that explicitly exclude short-term difficulties tend to produce lower prevalence estimates than questions with no such qualification (Picavet & van den Bos, 1996). Questions that use a leading approach (how much difficulty do you have...?) produce higher prevalence than questions using a neutral approach (do you have difficulty...? -Freedman, Aykan, & Kleban, 2003). Estimated prevalence could also be affected by differences in the thresholds for reporting difficulty (e.g., Melzer, Lan, Tom, Deeg, & Guralnik, 2004); for example, respondents may be more or less willing to acknowledge "any difficulty" than to admit having "a little" difficulty. ...

... For descriptive analysis, qualitative variables were presented as absolute frequencies with percentages. Questionnaire results were analysed using a Principal Components Analysis (PCA), which was performed based on questions 1,7,8,10,14,19,34,36 as active variables, while socio-demographic variables and questions 1, 3,7,8,10,11,14,19,21,24,25,33,34,35,36,37,38 were used as illustrative variables. Clusters of residents were identified with Hierarchical Cluster Analysis using Ward's distance. ...

... Studies have confirmed that married individuals tend to receive more and better health care than do the unmarried. [12][13][14] Using data on 148 married patients with chronic pain and disability, Turk et al 15 showed that marital relationship quality was a critical mediator of chronic pain. Studies on drug adherence in Iranian patients with chronic diseases 16 and on promoting adherence in patients with β-thalassemia 17 have identified marriage as a significant factor in improving medication adherence, but further analysis has not been conducted. ...

... The patterns of dependence and morbidity may, however, be different in particular countries, which is explained in the hypotheses existing in the literature: expansion of morbidity [69][70][71], compression of morbidity or disability [72], dynamic equilibrium, which combines the elements of both the expansion and compression hypotheses [73], or the concept of healthy aging [74]. Environmental changes and medical progress may make living with a disease less burdensome [75][76][77], while greater care for one's own health may contribute to a decline in disability among the older adults [78]. ...