H. Landis Floyd's research while affiliated with University of Alabama at Birmingham and other places

... where, is incident energy in cal/cm 2 , is calculation factor (1.0 for voltages above 1 kV 1.5 for voltages below 1 kV), is normalized incident energy in J/cm 2 , is arc duration in sec, is distance from the possible arc point to the person in mm and is distance exponent [18]. ...

... Despite the fact that aircraft maintenance is considered a highrisk job task in aviation due to its critical impact on aviation safety, it still plays a significant role in aircraft accidents and incidents [13][14][15][16]. A couple of studies [17,18] emphasised the importance of developing a culture of recognising, reporting, and learning from past maintenance errors in order to improve maintenance quality and aircraft safety. Furthermore, Periyar Selvam et al. [19] reported that maintenance costs account for approximately 10% to 20% of total aircraft operating costs. ...

... For this reason, it is relevant to particularly analyse how wine producing organisations invest in risk management strategies and how entrepreneurs perceive residual risk after such investment has been made (Floyd and Floyd, 2017). Residual risk is defined as the risk that remains after protective measures have been taken, and indicates the level of confidence that decision makers have in the implemented risk strategy (Damodaran, 2003;AIRMIC-ALARM-IRM, 2010;Sadgrove, 2016). ...

... Em toda e qualquer organização, as atividades de operação e manutenção em sistemas elétricos possuem riscos elétricos intrínsecos, onde prioritariamente estudos de análise e gerenciamento de riscos devem ser realizados e medidas de controle adotadas que visam primariamente o valor à vida e à preservação da Segurança, da Saúde e do Meio Ambiente, através da eliminação ou mitigação de riscos, conforme explicita Floyd [1] e Neitzel [2]. ...

... The electric accidents occurred during transformer servicing are mainly due to improper isolation whereas the electrical injuries due to carelessness and human errors are significantly increasing [16]. The literature [27], [28] demonstrated the characteristics of electrical injury and conveyed that contact with overhead lines has caused several electric injuries and fatalities. The rate of electric accidents is about 0.04% to 5% in developed countries, and it is 27% in developing countries, whereas the global average is 4.5%. ...

... The decrease in the frequency of accidents of electrical origin compared to other types of risks may lead to a misconception that the electrical hazard management of electrical risks is under control [6], [8]. Although these accidents are rare when they do occur, they are usually serious and, can lead to fatal outcomes [3]. Considering this, the implementation of qualified management to reduce the risks involved in the process of operating power substations has become necessary in the activities of companies, which realize the corresponding management [6], [7]. ...

... The different Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) of an organization, such as near-misses, injuries, fatalities, and lost work hours, create a long-term impact on the production process. Various industrial safety-related issues that the researchers address include process safety, electrical equipment in hazardous zones, electric shocks, safe work practices, safety designs, and ground fault protection techniques [107], [108], [110]. Additionally, hot or radioactive zones involving molten metals, laser cutters, and other such highly hazardous processes in smelters, foundries, forges, and mills are also substantial risk factors in their respective industries. ...

... There has been only one sand casting explosion accident since 2001 according to the Ministry of Emergency Management of the People's Republic of China: the aforementioned accident at the Anshan Iron and Steel Group [7]. In this study, we calculated sand casting explosion frequency based on the Heinrich accident triangle to resolve this information deficiency [25][26][27]. ...

... However, electrons will be captured and trapped on another surface if either one or both objects are insulation material, resulting in different amounts of protons and electrons, and the materials become charged. The electrostatic discharge can cause severe damage to the products and the operators [4], [5], [7], [8]. For example, in the electronic industry, the electrostatic discharge, transferred either from the operator to electronic devices or vice versa, can cause electronic devices to malfunction [4], [6]. ...

... The permeability of coal reservoirs in China is generally poor because of the geological occurrence (Kong et al. 2016(Kong et al. , 2021, and artificial reinforcement is usually used to change their physical and chemical properties and storage environment, which can effectively improve the gas extraction rate and enhance the pore permeability characteristics by promoting the development of inside pores/ fractures (Liu et al. 2020b;Zhou et al. 2021Zhou et al. , 2022Nainar and Govindarajan 2021;Mukherjee et al. 2021). At present, the proposed strengthening measures mainly include three categories: ①Hydraulic measures, such as hydraulic fracturing (Huerta et al. 2020;Ahamed et al. 2021;Mehmood et al. 2021;Wang et al. 2022), hydraulic slotting (Ogata et al. 2020;Deng et al. 2012), and hydraulic punching (Adrián et al. 2011;Li et al. 2021c); ②waterless fracturing measures, such as ultrasonic (Ali et al. 2018;Horie et al. 2014;Zhang et al. 2022), microwave radiation (L'udmila et al. 2004;Mahat et al. 2014), electric shock (Mohla et al. 2010;Sanchez et al. 2016;Floyd 2011;Yin et al. 2021), and injection of low-temperature fluids (carbon dioxide, liquid nitrogen) (Grebenyuk and Dreyer 2016;Gopalaswami et al. 2016;Marcoulaki et al. 2017;Beteta and Ivanova 2015;Zhou et al. 2019Zhou et al. , 2020; and ③combined enhancement techniques, such as hydraulic fracturing/hydraulic slotting integration (Holahan and Arnold 2013), hydraulic perforation/hydraulic fracturing integration (Nemcik et al. 2015), and hydraulic acid fracturing (Andrew et al. 2013;Qiu et al. 2019). Among these methods, the low-temperature liquid nitrogen enhanced fracturing method is based on the liquid nitrogen vapor expansion and the characteristics of water-ice phase change in the coal seam to realize the transformation of the physical and chemical structure of the coal seam (Liu et al. 2020a), to effectively improve the efficiency of coalbed methane extraction (Liu et al. 2020c). ...