October 2011
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93 Reads
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October 2011
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93 Reads
August 2010
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1,533 Reads
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6 Citations
International Journal of Sports Medicine
Hemoglobin concentration and percent reticulocytes (%retics) were analyzed in blood samples taken pre-competition, post-competition, and during out of competition testing in elite speed skaters. Percent reticulocytes during screening was not different from the values obtained post-race, and no significant gender difference was found. Mean hemoglobin concentration both in males and females was slightly higher at 1 425 m altitude compared to <750 m altitude (0.23 g/dl increase in males and 0.48 g/dl increase in females; p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively). Mean %retics at 1 425 m altitude is higher (0.24% in males and 0.27% in females, respectively, p<0.01) compared to blood sampled <750 m altitude. The distribution of percent reticulocytes shows 11 out of 11 500 samples with %reticulocytes below 0.4%. From the 171 samples with a values >2.4% in 52 skaters at least two consecutive samples yielded a percent reticulocytes above 2.4%. In 50 individuals with generally normal values but at least in two consecutive samples values above 2.4% the pattern required additional testing. In conclusion, percent reticulocytes are a robust hematological parameter, including acute exercise.
August 2009
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80 Reads
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123 Citations
International Journal of Sports Medicine
This systematic review summarizes the research of previous studies that used resistance training in the post-treatment phase of cancer patients with a focus on methodological quality, training methods and physical outcome measures. We found twenty-four studies (10 RCTs, 4 controlled clinical trials and 10 uncontrolled trials) that met all inclusion criteria. The studies were of moderate methodological quality. The majority of studies involved breast cancer patients (54%), followed by prostate cancer patients (13%). Most studies used a combination of resistance and aerobic training, which was mostly supervised. Resistance training involved large muscle groups, with 1-3 sets of 8-12 repetitions. The duration of the resistance training programs varied from 3-24 weeks, with a training frequency of 1-5 sessions per week. The training intensity ranged from 25% to 85% of the one-repetition maximum. Overall, positive training effects were observed for cardiopulmonary and muscle function, with significant increases in peak oxygen uptake (range: 6-39%), and in the one-repetition maximum (range: 11-110%). In general, there were no effects of training on body composition, endocrine and immune function, and haematological variables. No adverse effects of the resistance training were reported. Based upon these results, we recommend to incorporate resistance training in cancer rehabilitation programmes.
January 2009
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13 Reads
Het doel van training is het verbeteren van het fysieke prestatievermogen en te pieken tijdens belangrijke wedstrijden. Ofschoon het prestatievermogen van ieder mens voor 60-70 procent door aangeboren eigenschappen (talent) wordt bepaald, blijft er 25-30 procent ruimte voor prestatieverbetering door middel van training. Om het volledige potentieel aan verbeteringsmogelijkheden te benutten, is regelmatige training over een langere periode vereist. Daarom maakt een atleet gebruik van een planmatige aanpak (de trainingsopbouw), waarbij zowel de omvang (= totale hoeveelheid verrichte arbeid) als de intensiteit geleidelijk wordt verhoogd. Omdat er bij training een evenwicht moet zijn tussen belasting en herstel, kan de balans bij dagelijkse training en hoge omvang gemakkelijk doorslaan, waardoor herstel in het gedrang komt en de beoogde trainingseffecten uitblijven. Het vinden van een optimale balans tussen training en herstel is echter een van de lastigste opgaven in de sport. Een niet volledig benutten van de trainingsmogelijkheden leidt tot suboptimale prestaties en dat kan het verschil betekenen tussen winnen of verliezen. Dit, omdat het procentuele verschil in prestaties tussen de winnaar en bijvoorbeeld de nummer drie vaak maar een paar tienden van een procent bedraagt. Degelijke minieme verschillen in prestatie onderstrepen het belang van een optimale balans tussen omvang, intensiteit en herstel. Voor het vinden van de optimale hoeveelheid training en een optimale balans tussen training en herstel bestaat helaas weinig wetenschappelijke onderbouwing en deze is vooral op ervaring en intuïtie gebaseerd.
June 2008
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166 Reads
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123 Citations
Diabetologia
Structured exercise is considered a cornerstone in type 2 diabetes treatment. However, adherence to combined resistance and endurance type exercise or medical fitness intervention programmes is generally poor. Group-based brisk walking may represent an attractive alternative, but its long-term efficacy as compared with an individualised approach such as medical fitness intervention programmes is unknown. We compared the clinical benefits of a 12-month exercise intervention programme consisting of either brisk walking or a medical fitness programme in type 2 diabetes patients. We randomised 92 type 2 diabetes patients (60 +/- 9 years old) to either three times a week of 60 min brisk walking (n = 49) or medical fitness programme (n = 43). Primary outcome was the difference in changes in HbA1c values at 12 months. Secondary outcomes were differences in changes in blood pressure, plasma lipid concentrations, insulin sensitivity, body composition, physical fitness, programme adherence rate and health-related quality of life. After 12 months, 18 brisk walking and 19 medical fitness participants were still actively participating. In both programmes, 50 and 25% of the dropout was attributed to overuse injuries and lack of motivation, respectively. Intention-to-treat analyses showed no important differences between brisk walking and medical fitness programme in primary or secondary outcome variables. The prescription of group-based brisk walking represents an equally effective intervention to modulate glycaemic control and cardiovascular risk profile in type 2 diabetes patients when compared with more individualised medical fitness programmes. Future exercise intervention programmes should anticipate the high attrition rate due to overuse injuries and motivation problems.
May 2008
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2,858 Reads
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224 Citations
Netherlands heart journal: monthly journal of the Netherlands Society of Cardiology and the Netherlands Heart Foundation
Cardiac remodelling is commonly defined as a physiological or pathological state that may occur after conditions such as myocardial infarction, pressure overload, idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy or volume overload. When training excessively, the heart develops several myocardial adaptations causing a physiological state of cardiac remodelling. These morphological changes depend on the kind of training and are clinically characterised by modifications in cardiac size and shape due to increased load. Several studies have investigated morphological differences in the athlete's heart between athletes performing strength training and athletes performing endurance training. Endurance training is associated with an increased cardiac output and volume load on the left and right ventricles, causing the endurance-trained heart to generate a mild to moderate dilatation of the left ventricle combined with a mild to moderate increase in left ventricular wall thickness. Strength training is characterised by an elevation of both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. This pressure overload causes an increase in left ventricular wall thickness. This may or may not be accompanied by a slight raise in the left ventricular volume. However, the development of an endurancetrained heart and a strength-trained heart should not be considered an absolute concept. Both forms of training cause specific morphological changes in the heart, dependent on the type of sport. (Neth Heart J 2008;16:129-33.).
April 2008
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231 Reads
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43 Citations
British Journal of Sports Medicine
To assess possible ergogenic properties of corticosteroid administration. A balanced, double-blind, placebo-controlled design was used. 28 well-trained cyclists and rowers. 4 weeks' daily inhalation of 800 microg budesonide or placebo. The subjects performed three incremental cycle ergometer tests until exhaustion, before and after 2 and 4 weeks of placebo or budesonide administration, to measure maximal power output (W(max)). Once a week they filled in a profile of mood state (POMS) questionnaire. There was no significant difference in W(max) between the placebo (376 (SD 25) W) and the corticosteroid group (375 (36) W) during the preintervention test, and there were no significant changes in either group after 2 and 4 weeks of intervention. No effect of the intervention on mood state was found. 4 weeks of corticosteroid or placebo inhalation in healthy, well-trained athletes did not affect maximal power output or mood state. Hence no ergogenic properties of 4 weeks' corticosteroid administration could be demonstrated, which corroborates previous studies of short-term corticosteroid administration.
March 2008
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253 Reads
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78 Citations
European Journal of Endocrinology
To determine the feasibility and the benefits of combined resistance and interval exercise training on phenotype characteristics and skeletal muscle function in deconditioned, type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with polyneuropathy. Short-term, single-arm intervention trial. Eleven male T2D patients (age: 59.1+/-7.5 years; body mass index: 32.2+/-4.0 kg/m2) performed progressive resistance and interval exercise training thrice a week for 10 weeks. Besides primary diabetes outcome measures, muscle strength (MUST), maximal workload capacity (Wmax), whole-body peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) and muscle oxidative capacity (MUOX), intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) and glycogen (IMCG) storage, and systemic inflammation markers were determined before and after training. Daily exogenous insulin requirements (EIR) and historic individualized EIR were gathered and analysed. MUST and Wmax increased with 17% (90% confidence intervals 9-24%) and 14% (6-21) respectively. Furthermore, mean arterial blood pressure declined with 5.5 mmHg (-9.7 to -1.4). EIR dropped with 5.0 IU/d (-11.5 to 1.5) compared with baseline. A decline of respectively -0.7 mmol/l (-2.9 to 1.5) and -147 micromol/l (-296 to 2) in fasting plasma glucose and non-esterified fatty acids concentrations were observed following the intervention, but these were not accompanied by changes in VO2peak, MUOX, IMCL or IMCG, and blood glycolysated haemoglobin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and/or cholesterol concentrations. Short-term resistance and interval exercise training is feasible in deconditioned T2D patients with polyneuropathy and accompanied by moderate improvements in muscle function and blood pressure. Such a specific exercise regimen may provide a better framework for future exercise intervention programmes in the treatment of deconditioned T2D patients.
February 2008
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12 Reads
February 2007
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210 Reads
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20 Citations
International Journal of Sports Medicine
We studied the mean hemoglobin (Hb) concentration in elite male and female long track junior and senior speed skaters from 2000 to 2005. In addition, the number of abnormal hematological findings observed over this period of time was investigated. We also studied whether there were differences in Hb concentration between top ranked and lower ranked skaters, and whether a relationship between Hb concentration and competitive results could be observed. The present study shows that the mean Hb level in male and female junior and senior long track speed skaters remained fairly stable and did not change from 2000 through 2005. The number and percentage of abnormal hematological findings were found to vary between 0 and 2 %, and failed to show a clear pattern or trend over the years. There was no difference in mean Hb levels between top ranked and lower ranked skaters, and no meaningful relationship between Hb concentration and ranking could be found.
... The program is predesigned and intends to cultivate strength and endurance through repetition and progressive overload. By committing to this process, athletes can make remarkable improvements in their physical capabilities and esthetics [1]. ...
December 2001
International Journal of Sports Medicine
... Moreover, previous research demonstrated that IFP measurements with micropipettes did not lead to inflammatory reactions in muscle and skin [11]. Further details on the set-up and results of the IFP measurements are described else- where [12]. After the completion of the loading session, the rat was removed from the loading apparatus and observed until it recovered from the anaesthesia. ...
January 1997
... For young children, making the appropriate responses to these stimuli takes longer than making the same responses to abstract stimuli, but the difference declines with age (Gerstadt, Hong, & Diamond, 1994;Simpson & Riggs, 2005a,b). Fourth, reaching to a visual target takes 7-to 13-year-olds longer when a distractor is presented in an incompatible location than when no distractor is present (Keulen, Adam, Fischer, Kuipers, & Jolles, 2006). Again, this interference effect decreases with age. ...
January 2006
Journal of Human Movement Studies
... Most investigators agree that intensity and duration of the compression forces involved are crucial factors in the onset and extent of tissue damage. Evidence for susceptibility of muscle to compression injury was found in several studies21222324252627, while in comparison, skin and subcutaneous tissues appear more resistant to pressure212223 . However, because of obvious limitations, experiments in this line have only been carried out on animal models or tissue-engineered constructs [5]. ...
January 1999
International Journal of Information Security
... The Z-band streaming, classically proposed to be a hallmark of muscle damage after eccentric exercise [11,12] was also proved to represent myofibril remodelling [7,13,14,15,16]. As proposed in the prevailing hypothesis, sarcolemma damage has indeed been observed in animals soon after electrical stimulation-induced eccentric muscular contractions, and the damage was often amplified later [17,18,19]. In contrast, studies on humans after voluntary eccentric exercise revealed no [5,6,20,21,22,23] or only minor damage [10,24] in muscle fibre membrane. ...
June 1998
Pathophysiology
... Guidelines for the nutritional management of diabetes have changed considerably, emphasising in the last years avoidance of foods that cause an exaggerated glycaemic response (ie foods with a high glycaemic index) (American Diabetes Association (ADA), 2000; Coulston, 2000; European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD), 2000; Connor et al, 2003;del Carmen Crespillo et al, 2003;Parhofer et al, 2003;Franz et al, 2004;Schafer et al, 2004). In light of this, carbohydrate-modified enteral diets with reduced glycaemic indices have been developed (Haslbeck et al, 1995;Ha & Lean, 1998;American Diabetes Association (ADA), 2002;van Drunen et al, 2003;Franz et al, 2004;Hofman et al, 2004). Although these diets may reduce nonfasting hyperglycaemia, the ability of type II diabetes mellitus (DM) patients to achieve long-term glycaemic benefit has been questioned (Ha & Lean, 1998; European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD), 2000; American Diabetes Association (ADA), 2002; Connor et al, 2003;Parhofer et al, 2003;Franz et al, 2004). ...
August 2003
Clinical Nutrition
... Помимо непосредственного воздействия на миокард, ААС при длительном употреблении вызывают дислипи-демию в виде снижения соотношения в крови липопротеидов высокой и низкой плотности [27], что сопровождается более выраженными проявлениями атеросклероза венечных артерий сердца, изменениями физиологических показателей, в том числе нарушениями ритма сердца [28]. Так, обследование 143 тяжелоатлетов, длительное время использовавших ААС, выявило у них большее количество известковых отложений в венечных артериях сердца, чем у мужчин их возраста в популяции [29]. ...
October 1997
Atherosclerosis
... Thrombogenesis AASs have been demonstrated to decrease fibrinolytic activity and synthesis of prostacyclin and to increase platelet aggregation and endothelium release of proteins C and S [19][20][21]. Additionally, AAS abuse is found to affect the hemostatic system, causing its accelerated activation, as evidenced by increased generation of both thrombin and plasmin [21,22]. These changes could reflect a thrombotic diathesis that may contribute to vascular occlusion. ...
June 1996
Fibrinolysis and Proteolysis
... [18][19][20] Successful targeting of muscle regeneration via satellite cell interventions can improve muscle function in mouse models of Duchenne muscular dystrophy 21 and sarcopenia. 22 Additionally, several animal sepsis studies report atrophy of gastrocnemius (GR), 23 tibialis anterior (TA) 24 and soleus 24 muscles, solidifying the notion that understanding whether skeletal muscle satellite cells are required for post-sepsis muscle recovery and/or whether sepsis affects this population of cells has the potential for broad impact. To date there are no treatments available to prevent progression or increase quality of life parameters/mobility in patients suffering from CCI/PICS after sepsis. ...
March 2005
Muscle & Nerve
... Several recent investigations have focused on the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and postoperative neurocognition [47]. Surgery can lead to a systemic stress response, causing the activation of inflammatory mediators and neuroendocrine hormones [110,111]. Due to their high metabolic rate, neuron cells are extremely susceptible to the destructive effects of these substances [112,113]. The ageing mitochondrial vicious circle theory highlights the central place of mitochondria in the ageing process. ...
November 2005
Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica