... Due to high variability in shape, size, and orientation, and also to the lack of comparative studies within Pentatomidae, these structures have been cited with inconsistent terminology. In Asopinae, the processes have been treated as "dorsal processes" (e.g., Leston, 1954;Davidov a-Vilímov a and McPherson, 1992), "dorsal sclerites" (e.g., Zhao et al., 2013bZhao et al., , 2018Srikumar et al., 2018), "genital plates" (e.g., Baker, 1931;Usinger, 1941Usinger, , 1942McDonald, 1966;Thomas, 1994;Gapon and Konstantinov, 2006;Roell et al., 2019;Roca-Cusachs et al., 2019), "parandria" (e.g., Gross, 1975;Thomas, 1994;Gapon and Konstantinov, 2006;Gapon, 2009;Zhao et al., 2013aZhao et al., , 2016, "pseudoclaspers" (e.g., Zou et al., 2012), "pygophoral plates" (e.g. , Rolston and McDonald, 1979), and "superior processes of dorsal rim" (e.g., Brugnera et al., 2019Brugnera et al., , 2020 (Table 1). In other subfamilies of Pentatomidae, the processes have been treated as "dorsal plates" (e.g., Linnavuori, 1982;Kment, 2013), "dorsal processes" (e.g., Davidov a-Vilímov a and McPherson, 1992), "dorsal sclerites" (e.g., Kment and Jindra, 2009;Tsai and R edei, 2014); "genital cup processes" (e.g., Barcellos and Grazia, 2003;Matesco et al., 2007;Silva et al., 2004Silva et al., , 2006, "genital plates" (e.g., Baker, 1931;McDonald, 1966McDonald, , 1986, "parandria" (e.g., Gross, 1975), "processes of diaphragm" (e.g., Grazia and Teradeira, 1980;Grazia and Fortes, 1995;Grazia et al., 1994Grazia et al., , 1995Barcellos and Grazia, 1998), "processus sup erieurs" (e.g., Dupuis, 1955Dupuis, , 1970, "projections" (e.g., Baker, 1931;McDonald, 1966); "pseudoclaspers" (e.g., McDonald, 1974McDonald, , 1976, "superior lateral processes" (e.g., Sharp, 1890a,b), "superior processes" (e.g., Ferrari et al., 2010), "superior processes of dorsal rim" (e.g., Ferrari et al., 2010;Weiler et al., 2011;Schwertner and Grazia, 2012;Poock-da-Silva et al., 2013;Weiler et al., 2016;Grazia et al., 2016;Bianchi et al., 2017), and "superior processes of genital cup" (e.g., Bernardes et al., 2011;Correia and Fernandes, 2016) (Table 1). ...