Gunnar Ritt’s research while affiliated with Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics, System Technologies and Image Exploitation and other places

... 7 Research on laser dazzling of thermal infrared sensors is less common because visible and near-infrared lasers pose more immediate safety risks and are more prevalent in civilian life, driving more research in those areas. [8][9][10][11][12][13] The critical papers in mid-infrared laser dazzle stem from almost twenty years before in the research of Schleijpen and colleagues in the NATO SCI-139 research group. [14][15][16] However, the effects observed for the quantum detectors, whether visible or infrared, are based on the same physics and thus, exhibit similar trends. ...

Reference:

Non-linear laser dazzling an off-band filtered mid-infrared imager

... To find the quantity ν hd , we equate Equation (12) (MPE S ) and Equation (25) (laser irradiance at the lens) and obtain where * is defined by [17]; * = min 1, √2 ...

Reference:

Laser Safety—What Is the Laser Hazard Distance for an Electro-Optical Imaging System?

... In the military shooting training background, it was possible to find sixteen scientific publications ( [2], [8], [14], [15], [20], [24], [26], [30], [32], [38], [42], [43], [45], [47], [48], and [51]) in the last five years that address the application of virtual reality in this instructional activity (considering the Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) databases). Although there is this current discussion on the subject, the authors have not yet found any work that evaluates the application of a commercial Head-Mounted Display (HMD) in military pistol shooting training. ...

Reference:

TAT VR: a Virtual Reality Simulator for Military Shooting Training

... Therefore, these possible health risks during free field usage must be quantified. The reflections from the target materials can evoke Nominal Ocular Hazard Distances (NOHD) amounting from meters up to several kilometers, depending on the material properties and laser parameters [13,33,34]. This can cause permanent eye and skin damage, as well as injury to operators [33]. ...

Reference:

Standardization of high-energy laser impact tests with respect to temperature, reflection and perforation time

... Besides, there is a wide span of damage threshold in Table. 1, which is mainly due to different experimental scenarios (eg. 10 s irradiation time in Ref. [10] or single shot in most of the other references) and different criteria for the damage threshold. [16,17] Theoretically, the silicon-based camera is considered to have no response to 1550 nm. However, there have been reported cases of 1550 nm LiDAR burning out cameras. ...

Reference:

Failure mechanisms of a silicon-based CMOS image sensor irradiated by a 1550 nm nanosecond laser

... A simple model of laser eye glare together with calculations for laser safety applications based on newly defined maximum glare exposure (MDE) and nominal eye glare distance (NODD) values are presented in [44]. In this study, an intraocular scattering model Analogous enabling studies as for the eye dazzle effect were conducted for camera sensors [45]. ...

Reference:

The Potential Impact of Laser Pointers on Aviation Safety

... In Figure 5, we can recognize how the MPE S and MDE S vary with distance. Following the curves starting from large distance values, the exposure limits are quite constant, which correspond to the minimum values as given by Equations (13) and (18). For closer distances from about~40 m to~4 m, the exposure limits increase strongly (for the given example) with the decreasing distance. ...

Reference:

Laser Safety—What Is the Laser Hazard Distance for an Electro-Optical Imaging System?

... Within this context, lasers can be maliciously used to disrupt or permanently damage cameras in diverse scenarios such as autonomous vehicles and drones [3][4][5][6]. To protect imaging system from laser damage, previous studies have explored techniques including multi-channel spectral compensation [7], liquid crystal-based switchable optical devices [8], phase-change material optical limiters [9], metamaterials [10], and integration time adjustment [11]. Despite their contributions, current technologies based on limiting principles still encounter challenges in achieving instantaneous and high dynamic range laser protection while maintaining real-time imaging. ...

Reference:

Learned phase mask to protect camera under laser irradiation

... where and are the laser irradiance and the saturation level, respectively. Based on results for visible light using a CMOS camera [28,29] a minimum average irradiance of 50 mW/cm during each row exposure is required, and at least 0.1 mW/cm pick irradiance to achieve dazzling with shorter pulses. We experimentally found that similar conditions hold for the camera used in this work, as observed in Figure 2. ...

Reference:

Invisible CMOS Camera Dazzling for Conducting Adversarial Attacks on Deep Neural Networks

... Besides, there is a wide span of damage threshold in Table. 1, which is mainly due to different experimental scenarios (eg. 10 s irradiation time in Ref. [10] or single shot in most of the other references) and different criteria for the damage threshold. [16,17] Theoretically, the silicon-based camera is considered to have no response to 1550 nm. However, there have been reported cases of 1550 nm LiDAR burning out cameras. ...

Reference:

Failure mechanisms of a silicon-based CMOS image sensor irradiated by a 1550 nm nanosecond laser