March 2025
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Open Forum Infectious Diseases
This article reports a case of urogenital schistosomiasis mimicking IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) in a 47-year-old immunocompromised man with HIV. Initially diagnosed with IgG4-RD, further biopsies revealed schistosoma eggs. Elevated IgG4 levels indicated a Th2 immune response, highlighting its complex role in antischistosomal immunity and the need for careful differential diagnosis.