Guido Gonsior’s research while affiliated with University of Hohenheim and other places

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Publications (4)


Induced resistance - An innovative approach to manage branched broomrape (Orobanche ramosa) in hemp and tobacco
  • Article

September 2009

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112 Reads

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42 Citations

Weed Science

Guido Gonsior

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Holger Buschmann

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Gundula Szinicz

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[...]

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This study indicates that induced disease resistance might be useful to control branched broomrape. Strains of the rhizosphere bacteria Pseudomonas spp. (Proradix®), salicylic acid derivates (Bion®), and extracts of the algae Ascophyllum nodosum L. (Goemar Fruton Spezial®) can decrease branched broomrape infection to 80%. Results suggest that agents working as elicitors for resistance in other plant–pathogen interactions by induced systemic resistance or by systemic acquired resistance also could reduce branched broomrape infestation. These findings suggest that activation of immune responses before infection of plants could be an innovative control method for parasitic weeds. Nomenclature: Bion®, benzo-(1,2,3)-thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid S-methyl ester; branched broomrape, Orobanche ramosa L. ORARA.


Pathogencity of branched broomrape (Orobanche ramosa) populations on tobacco cultivars

May 2005

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57 Reads

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47 Citations

Plant Pathology

Parasitic weed species of the genus Orobanche are a serious threat for the production of several crops in Europe, Africa and Asia. In contrast to other broomrape species of agronomic importance, O. ramosa (branched broomrape) has a broad host range and in Europe particularly affects hemp, tobacco, tomato and, in recent times, oilseed rape. Two separate sets of experiments investigated the effect of two populations of O. ramosa on nine tobacco cultivars grown in Europe and belonging to the three major tobacco types: Virgin (flue-cured), Burley (light air-cured) and dark air-cured under standardized glasshouse conditions. The two broomrape populations were discriminated by means of polymorphic DNA fragments obtained by PCR of the intersimple sequence repeat regions (ISSRs). The Orobanche populations exhibited different levels of pathogenicity but all various tobacco cultivars were susceptible. Dark air-cured tobacco cultivars were the least susceptible to both broomrape populations. Virgin and Burley tobacco cultivars were more susceptible to one population of O. ramosa.


Susceptibility of oilseed rape (Brassica napus ssp. napus) to branched broomrape (Orobanche ramosa L.)

January 2005

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57 Reads

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10 Citations

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection

Parasitic weed species of the genus Orobanche are a serious threat for the production of several crops in Europe, Africa and Asia. In contrast to other broomrape species of agronomic importance, Orobanche ramosa has a much broader host range. Under the conditions of western Europe, this species infests especially hemp, tobacco, tomato and in recent times oilseed rape. We investigated the effect on biomass production of summer and winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus ssp. napus) after infestation with O. ramosa. In two separate sets of experiments, two rape cultivars were grown under standardized greenhouse conditions with two different populations of O. ramosa. The rape cultivars showed different susceptibility to O. ramosa infection. Here, the summer rape cultivar 'Jumbo' was much more infested than the winter rape cultivar 'Akela'. Due to the high infestation levels, the biomass of the rape plants was reduced by 58 % ('Akela') and 70 % ('Jumbo'). The two populations of O. ramosa showed differences in their pathogenicity towards rape. The broomrape originating from Forchheim (near Karlsruhe) infested the rape plants 10 to 18 times stronger than the O. ramosa from Sandhausen (near Heidelberg) This work shows that German populations of O. ramosa are capable of infesting oilseed rape cultivars and can cause severe yield losses.


Pathogenitätsfaktoren und induzierte Resistenz in der Interaktion von Orobanche ramosa L. und Nicotiana tabacum L.

172 Reads

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1 Citation

Die holoparasitische Blütenpflanze Orobanche ramosa L. verursacht in zunehmendem Maße Ertragsverluste in Kulturpflanzenbeständen gemäßigter und subtropischer Regionen. In Deutschland und Frankreich ist O. ramosa im Begriff, neue Gebiete zu besiedeln und könnte künftig stärker als bisher den Anbau von Tabak und Raps sowie anderer Kulturpflanzen beinträchtigen. Aus diesem Grund wurden Untersuchungen zur Biologie und Pathogenität von O. ramosa unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Interaktionen mit ihren Wirten durchgeführt. Zudem war die Betrachtung induzierbarer Abwehrmechanismen gegen O. ramosa von Interesse. In der vorgelegten Studie konnte zunächst gezeigt werden, dass sich die in Deutschland vorkommenden Populationen von O. ramosa genetisch unterscheiden und sich durch ein teilweise unterschiedliches Wirtsspektrum auszeichnen. Als möglicher Pathogenitätsfaktor von O. ramosa wurde eine starke Akkumulation von reaktiven Sauerstoffspezies gefunden, die mit einer hohen Peroxidase-Aktivität und einer hohen antioxidativen Kapazität durch die Phenylpropanoide Verbascosid und Oraposid in Verbindung stand. Zur Erforschung der Abwehrmechanismen von Wirtspflanzen gegen O. ramosa wurden Resistenzaktivatoren an dem System Nicotiana tabacum/ O. ramosa erfolgreich getestet. Induzierte Resistenz gegen O. ramosa konnte sowohl durch eine Salicylsäure-abhängige systemisch erworbene Resistenz (SAR), als auch durch eine Jasmonat-abhängige induzierte systemische Resistenz (ISR) gefördert werden. Als Resistenzfaktoren gegen O. ramosa kommen die Phytoalexine Scopoletin und dessen Synthesevorstufe Scopolin, sowie das Alkaloid Nikotin in Frage, die in wenig anfälligen Tabaksorten in höheren Konzentrationen akkumuliert wurden als in anfälligen. Zudem zeigte die wenig anfällige Tabaksorte Z 992 höhere Phenolgehalte und eine gesteigerte Peroxidase Aktivität. Nach induzierter Resistenz gegen O. ramosa konnten zusätzlich eine gesteigerte Phenylalanin-Amonium-Lyase-Aktivität und die Expression der PR-Proteine Chitinase und Glukanase gemessen werden. Des weiteren konnte an transgenen Tabaklinien gezeigt werden, dass sowohl dem Pflanzenhormon Ethylen als auch dem Zuckerhaushalt eine Bedeutung bei der Anfälligkeit gegen O. ramosa zukommen kann. Parasitic weeds of the genus Orobanche, cause severe damage to vegetables, legumes and sunflower in Europe, the Middle East and North Africa. Recently there is evidence for increasing occurrence of branched broomrape (Orobanche ramosa L.) in rape and tobacco cultivars in France and Germany. This research concerns on biology and pathogenicity of O. ramosa with special focus on the interactions with the host plant. In addition mechanisms of induced resistance of the host plant against the parasite were considered. The results showed genetic differences between the populations of O. ramosa in Germany, which partially parasitize different hosts. As possible factors of pathogenicity the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and a high peroxidase activity together with a high antioxidative capacity caused by the phenylpropanoids Verbascosid and Oraposid were identified. The control of branched broomrape was possible by application of agents, which are described to induce disease resistance. Control of branched broomrape could be based on systemic acquired resistance (SAR) as well as on induced systemic resistance (ISR). As defense mechanisms in tobacco roots against O. ramosa the biosynthesis of the hydroxycoumarin scopoletin and a significant increase of soluble and bound phenolics was discussed. This is underlined by a high activity and an increased expression of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) the key enzyme of the phenylpropanoid pathway. Beside phytoalexin production we recognized an increased activity of peroxidases in Orobanche ramosa infected tobacco roots. Further it could be shown that the plant hormone Ethylene as well as the regulation of the sugar metabolism have importance for the resistance of the host plant.

Citations (4)


... Joel et al., 2013. Crop losses due to P. aegyptiaca can vary from 5-100% (Buschmann et al., 2005;Hershenhorn et al., 2009;Motazedi et al., 2010). The potential damage that P. aegyptiaca can cause in crops is influenced by various biotic and abiotic factors like the temperature (Ephrath et al., 2012), crop sowing date (Rubiales et al., 2003;Grenz et al., 2005), soil organic matter content (Heidar and Sidahmed, 2003;Mahgoub et al., 2012), nutrition management (Labrousse et al., 2010), irrigation (Parker and Riches, 1993) and host factors including plant genotype (Pérez-de-Luque et al., 2005). ...

Reference:

Investigating the physiological and morphological responses of Cucumis sativus to Phelipanche aegyptiaca parasitism
Susceptibility of oilseed rape (Brassica napus ssp. napus) to branched broomrape (Orobanche ramosa L.)
  • Citing Article
  • January 2005

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection

... The jasmonate pathway is activated upon wounding, leading to the release of linoleic acid from the lipid membrane, which is then enzymatically converted into active forms (Gatehouse 2002;Wasternack 2007). Additionally, jasmonates are essential for long-distance signaling, participating in induced systemic resistance and extending systemically to undamaged parts of the plant (Gonsior et al. 2004;Howe and Jander 2008;Soler, Erb, and Kaplan 2013). However, the role of jasmonates in the defence against parasitic plant infestation remains incompletely understood. ...

Induced resistance - An innovative approach to manage branched broomrape (Orobanche ramosa) in hemp and tobacco
  • Citing Article
  • September 2009

Weed Science

... Therefore, agronomic breeding programs should consider both parasite and host plant genetic diversity. 21 Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers are particularly useful for analyzing genetic diversity, as they are reliable for detecting DNA polymorphism, representing multiple loci from across the genome. 20,[22][23][24] Limited information is currently available on the genetic diversity of P. aegyptiaca in Xinjiang, 16,17 indicating that the local biodiversity remains largely understudied. ...

Pathogencity of branched broomrape (Orobanche ramosa) populations on tobacco cultivars
  • Citing Article
  • May 2005

Plant Pathology

... The tubercle develops the stem, which grows towards the surface (Höniges 2009). The plant is stabilized by adventitious roots, which have other unknown functions (Gonsior 2005;Musselman 1980). After successful implementation of parasite-host connection in Striga, first leaves can be seen on the surface of the soil within one or two weeks of infestation (Scholes and Press 2008), while in Phelipanche, the leaves appear after about two months (Gonsior 2005). ...

Pathogenitätsfaktoren und induzierte Resistenz in der Interaktion von Orobanche ramosa L. und Nicotiana tabacum L.
  • Citing Article