Günter Blöschl's research while affiliated with Vienna Water Monitoring and other places
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Publications (317)
This paper deals with the simulation of inundated areas for a region of 84,000 km² from estimated flood discharges at a resolution of 2 m. We develop a modeling framework that enables efficient parallel processing of the project region by splitting it into simulation tiles. For each simulation tile, the framework automatically calculates all input...
Climate change and agricultural intensification are expected to increase soil erosion and sediment production from arable land in many regions. However, to date, most studies have been based on short-term monitoring and/or modeling, making it difficult to assess their reliability in terms of estimating long-term changes. We present the results of a...
Statistical distributions of flood peak discharge often show heavy tail behavior, that is, extreme floods are more likely to occur than would be predicted by commonly used distributions that have exponential asymptotic behavior. This heavy tail behavior may surprise flood managers and citizens, as human intuition tends to expect light tail behavior...
This article reviews river flood generation processes and
flow paths across space scales. The scale steps include the pore, profile,
hillslope, catchment, regional and continental scales, representing a scale
range of a total of 10 orders of magnitude. Although the processes differ
between the scales, there are notable similarities. At all scales,...
The transport of solutes in river networks is controlled by the interplay of processes such as in-stream solute transport and the exchange of water between the stream channel and dead zones, in-stream sediments, and the hyporheic zone. Transient storage models (TSMs) are a powerful tool for testing hypotheses related to solute transport in streams....
While conflict-and-cooperation phenomena in transboundary basins have been widely studied, much less work has been devoted to representing the process interactions in a quantitative way. This paper identifies the main factors in the riparian countries’ willingness to cooperate in the Eastern Nile River Basin, involving Ethiopia, Sudan, and Egypt, f...
The recent advances in remote sensing provide opportunities for estimating the parameters of conceptual hydrologic models more reliably. However, the question of whether and to what extent the use of satellite data in model calibration may assist in transferring model parameters to ungauged catchments has not been fully resolved. The aim of this st...
A coincidence in the timing of floods and their drivers can be used as a proxy for the causality of flood generation. Here, we investigate the relationship between the seasonality of floods, maximum annual rainfall, and maximum annual soil moisture data of 886 basins in Brazil for 1980-2015 to shed light on process controls of flood generation. Flo...
Zusammenfassung
Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt die Konzeption und die methodischen Schritte des Projekts HORA 3.0, in dem Hochwasserrisikoflächen für ganz Österreich berechnet wurden. Die Analyseschritte umfassen: Qualitätskontrolle und Korrektur des Gewässernetzes und der Einzugsgebietsgrenzen; Berechnung der Abflussscheitel und Frachten gegeb...
Studying the changes in extreme river runoff induced by climate change is of utmost importance, as the variability of floods directly affects life and human activities. This study examines the fluctuations and persistence of winter floods in 14 catchments in the Rika River Basin (Ukraine) and ten catchments in the Steyr River Basin (Austria). The c...
Over the past years, numerous large events have demonstrated how exposed property and even human life are to natural hazards. Protection against natural hazards is therefore a key responsibility of the Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Regions and Tourism (BMLRT). The insurance industry has also a vital interest in the provision of data on various n...
This article reviews river flood generation processes and flow paths across space scales. The scale steps include the pore, profile, hillslope, catchment, regional and continental scales, representing a scale range of a total of 10 orders of magnitude. Although the processes differ between the scales, there are notable similarities. At all scales,...
In a recent editorial in the journal Nature Sustainability , the editors raised the concern that journal submissions on water studies appear too similar. The gist of the editorial: “too many publications and not enough ideas.” In this response, we contest this notion, and point to the numerous new ideas that result from taking a broader view of the...
Streamflow elasticity to precipitation, defined as the percent change of streamflow resulting from a 1% change in precipitation, is sometimes used as an alternative to rainfall‐runoff models in climate impact analyses. Elasticity is usually estimated from long streamflow and precipitation series aggregated at annual time steps while the climate imp...
Climate change and agricultural intensification are expected to increase soil erosion and sediment production from arable land in many regions. However, so far, most studies have been based on short-term monitoring and/or modeling, making it difficult to assess their reliability in terms of long-term changes. We present the results from a unique da...
In 2009, the International Soil Moisture Network (ISMN) was initiated as a community effort, funded by the European Space Agency, to serve as a centralised data hosting facility for globally available in situ soil moisture measurements (Dorigo et al., 2011b, a). The ISMN brings together in situ soil moisture measurements collected and freely shared...
Many recent studies have sought to characterize variations of the annual maximum flood discharge series over time and across space in Europe, including some that have elucidated different process controls on different statistical properties of these series. To further support these studies, we conduct a pan-European assessment of process controls o...
Increasing river floods and infrastructure development in many parts of the world have created an urgent need for accurate high-resolution flood hazard mapping for more efficient flood risk management. Mapping accuracy hinges on the quality of the underlying Digital Terrain Model (DTM) and other spatial datasets. This article presents a processing...
Summer precipitation totals in the Alpine Region do not exhibit a systematic trend over the last 120 years. However, we find significant low frequency periodicity of interannual variability which occurs in synchronization with a dominant two-phase state of the atmospheric circulation over the Alps. Enhanced meridional flow increases precipitation v...
Disastrous floods have caused millions of fatalities in the twentieth century, tens of billions of dollars of direct economic loss each year and serious disruption to global trade. In this Review, we provide a synthesis of the atmospheric, land surface and socio-economic processes that produce river floods with disastrous consequences. Disastrous f...
The amount and composition of organic carbon are major controls on water quality and ecological processes in streams. In this study we explored the fate of the quantity of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and the composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in an agricultural hillslope - stream network system. We conducted our study in the 66 ha HOA...
The aim of this paper is to explore how rainfall mechanisms and catchment characteristics shape the relationship between rainfall and flood probabilities. We propose a new approach of comparing intensity-duration-frequency statistics of maximum annual rainfall with those of maximum annual streamflow in order to infer the catchment behavior for runo...
Coupled hydrologic and hydraulic models represent powerful tools for simulating streamflow and water levels along the riverbed and in the floodplain. However, input data, model parameters, initial conditions, and model structure represent sources of uncertainty that affect the reliability and accuracy of flood forecasts. Assimilation of satellite-b...
Understanding near-stream groundwater dynamics and flow directions is important for predicting hillslope-stream connectivity, streamflow generation, and hydrologic controls of streamwater quality. To determine the drivers of groundwater flow in the stream corridor (i.e., the stream channel and the adjacent groundwater in footslopes and riparian are...
Plain Language Summary
Changes in river floods are of worldwide concern due to their massive socio‐economic impacts. Understanding the reasons of changes in this hazard is a prerequisite for managing the associated risks efficiently. Potential reasons include climate change, river regulations and changing land management practices. In some countrie...
Connectivity of the hillslope and the stream is a non-stationary and non-linear phenomenon dependent on many controls. The objective of this study is to identify these controls by examining the spatial and temporal patterns of the similarity between shallow groundwater and soil moisture dynamics and streamflow dynamics in the Hydrological Open Air...
The recent advances in remote sensing provide opportunities for more reliably estimating the parameters of conceptual hydrologic models. However, the question of whether and to what extent the use of satellite data in model calibration may assist in transferring model parameters to ungauged catchments has not been fully resolved. The aim of this st...
Recent advances in soil moisture remote sensing have produced satellite data sets with improved soil moisture mapping under vegetation and with higher spatial and temporal resolutions. In this study, we evaluate the potential of a new, experimental version of the Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) soil water index data set for multiple objective calibr...
Recent studies have shown evidence of increasing and decreasing trends for average floods and flood quantiles across Europe. Studies attributing observed changes in flood peaks to their drivers have mostly focused on the average flood behaviour, without distinguishing small and large floods. This paper proposes a new framework for attributing flood...
In this study, the value of proxy data was explored for calibrating a conceptual hydrologic model for small ungauged basins, i.e. ungauged in terms of runoff. The study site was a 66 ha Austrian experimental catchment dominated by agricultural land use, the Hydrological Open Air Laboratory (HOAL). The three modules of a conceptual, lumped hydrologi...
In 2009, the International Soil Moisture Network (ISMN) was initiated as a community effort, funded by the European Space Agency, to serve as a centralised data hosting facility for globally available in situ soil moisture measurements (Dorigo et al., 2011a, b). The ISMN brings together in situ soil moisture measurements collected and freely shared...
Spatial cross-correlation among flood sequences impacts the accuracy of regional predictors. Our study investigates this impact for two regionalization procedures, generalized least squares (GLS) regression and top-kriging (TK), which deal with cross-correlation in two fundamentally different ways and therefore might be associated with different ac...
This paper analyses the spatial patterns and process controls of the mean annual flood (MAF), coefficient of variation (CV) and skewness (CS) of flood discharges in Europe. The data consist of maximum annual flood discharge series observed in 2370 catchments in Europe covering the period 1960–2010. On average, in Europe, the estimated moments MAF,...
The dynamics of flood event characteristics, such as the runoff coefficient and the recession time constant, differ in time and space, due to differences in climate, geology, and runoff generation mechanisms. This study examines the variability of event runoff characteristics and relates them to climatic and hydro-geological characteristics availab...
As we rapidly modify the environment around us, researchers have a critical role to play in raising our understanding of the interactions between people and the world in which they live. Knowledge and understanding of these interactions are essential for evidence based decision-making on resource use and risk management. In this paper, we explore t...
Knowledge of the evaporation (E) and transpiration (T) components of evapotranspiration (ET) is important for ecohydrological modeling and agricultural productivity. The stable-isotope method offers the possibility to partition E and T due to the distinct differences in the isotopic signals of the sources. In this study, the concentration and isoto...
As we rapidly modify the environment around us, researchers have a critical role to play in raising our understanding of the interactions between people and the world in which they live. Knowledge and understanding of these interactions are essential for evidence based decision-making on resource use and risk management. In this paper, we explore t...
![Root mean square error (RMSE [m]) at each assimilation time step. The...](publication/344976937/figure/tbl2/AS:952833855733760@1604184702722/Root-mean-square-error-RMSE-m-at-each-assimilation-time-step-The-Open-Loop-where-no_Q320.jpg)
Coupled hydrologic and hydraulic models represent powerful tools for simulating streamflow and water levels along the riverbed and in the floodplain. However, input data, model parameters, initial conditions and model structure represent sources of uncertainty that affect the reliability and accuracy of flood forecasts. Assimilation of satellite-ba...
Recent advances in soil moisture remote sensing have produced satellite datasets with improved soil moisture mapping under vegetation and with higher spatial and temporal resolutions. In this study, we evaluate the potential of a new, experimental version of the ASCAT Soil Water Index dataset for multiple objective calibration of a conceptual hydro...
Recent studies have shown evidence of increasing and decreasing trends in mean annual floods and flood quantiles across Europe. Studies attributing observed changes in flood peaks to their drivers have mostly focused on mean annual floods. This paper proposes a new framework for attributing flood changes to potential drivers, as a function of retur...
Connectivity of the hillslope and the stream is a non stationary and non linear phenomenon dependent on many controls. The objective of this study is to identify these controls by examining the spatial and temporal patterns of the similarity between shallow groundwater and soil moisture dynamics and streamflow dynamics in the Hydrological Open Air...
The objective of this study is to investigate the factors that control event runoff characteristics at the small catchment scale. The study area is the Hydrological Open Air Laboratory, Lower Austria. Event runoff coefficient (Rc), recession time constant (Tc) and peak discharge (Qp) are estimated from hourly discharge and precipitation data for 29...
Several studies have shown that hydrological models do not perform well when applied to periods with climate conditions that differ from those during model calibration. This has important implications for the application of these models in climate change impact studies. The causes of the low transferability to changed climate conditions have, howev...
This paper proposes a method from Scan statistics for identifying flood-rich and flood-poor periods (i.e., anomalies) in flood discharge records. Exceedances of quantiles with 2-, 5-, and 10-year return periods are used to identify periods with unusually many (or few) threshold exceedances with respect to the reference condition of independent and...
The event runoff coefficient ( Rc ) and the recession coefficient ( tc ) are of theoretical importance for understanding catchment response and of practical importance in hydrological design. We analyse 57 event periods in the period 2013 to 2015 in the 66 ha Austrian Hydrological Open Air Laboratory (HOAL), where the seven subcatchments are strati...
The paper introduces the Special Section on the Hydrology of the Carpathians in this issue. It is the result of an initiative of the Department of Land and Water Resources Management of the Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, the Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management of the TU Vienna and the Institute of Geoma...
Measuring evaporation and transpiration at the field scale is complicated due to the heterogeneity of the environment, with point measurements requiring upscaling and field measurements such as eddy covariance measuring only the evapotranspiration. During the summer of 2014 an eddy covariance device was used to measure the evapotranspiration of a g...
Editors of several journals in the field of hydrology met during the General Assembly of the
European Geosciences Union—EGU in Vienna in April 2017. This event was a follow-up of similar meetings
held in 2013 and 2015. These meetings enable the group of editors to review the current status of the
journals and the publication process and to share th...
Flood changes may be attributed to drivers of change that belong to three main classes: atmospheric, catchment and river system drivers. In this work, we propose a data-based attribution approach for selecting which driver best relates to variations in time of the flood frequency curve. The flood peaks are assumed to follow a Gumbel distribution, w...
The present study analyzes the spatial and temporal variability of the specific flood of record (SFOR) for a large dataset of more than 3400 catchments across Europe. We highlight that: (1) years of occurrence of SFOR values are mainly concentrated in the last thirty years (i.e. 1987-2016), especially in the area of Central Europe; (2) smaller catc...
The magnitudes of river floods in Europe have been observed to change, but their alignment with changes in the spatial coverage or extent of individual floods has not been clear. We analyze flood magnitudes and extents for 3,872 hydrometric stations across Europe over the past five decades and classify each flood based on antecedent weather conditi...
Recent studies have revealed evidence of trends in the median or mean flood discharge in Europe over the last 5 decades, with clear and coherent
regional patterns. The aim of this study is to assess whether trends in flood discharges also occurred for larger return periods, accounting for
the effect of catchment scale. We analyse 2370 flood dischar...
We estimate areal reduction factors (ARFs, the ratio of catchment rainfall and point rainfall) varying in space and time using a fixed-area method for Austria and link them to the dominating rainfall processes in the region. We particularly focus on two sub-regions in the West and East of the country, where stratiform and convective rainfall proces...
Optical disdrometers can be used to estimate rainfall erosivity; however, the relative accuracy of different disdrometers is unclear. This study compared three types of optical laser-based disdrometers to quantify differences in measured