Guadalupe Munguía-Lino’s research while affiliated with University of Guadalajara and other places

Endemic vascular plants are one of the main biodiversity indicators used to propose priority conservation areas. The richness of endemic species and corrected and weighted endemism are the most frequently used criteria, while anthropogenic or biocultural factors such as ethnobotanical value or ecological vulnerability are seldom considered. This work proposes priority conservation areas for Sinaloa, Mexico, considering the richness of its endemic species, corrected and weighted endemism, as well as ethnobotanical value, protection status, and the Priority Conservation Index (PCI). The analysis was performed in a 19 × 19 km grid and included 247 records of 78 species. The areas proposed when considering only the richness of endemic species and the weighted endemism coincided with previously known areas of high biodiversity in the state, which are areas of high collection effort and low anthropogenic impact. When considering the ethnobotanical value and protection status, the areas identified included those with greater anthropogenic impact, which contained species of biocultural and economic importance. When the PCI was used, both of these types of regions were identified. We therefore recommend this index as a better indicator to select priority areas.

Antecedentes: Los inventarios florísticos documentan especies observadas en una región y constituyen aportes básicos para el conocimiento de sus recursos bióticos. Jalisco es uno de los estados con mayor riqueza florística a nivel nacional. Sin embargo, las constantes adiciones que se documentan con el trabajo exploratorio y los periódicos cambios taxonómicos hacen necesario tener un inventario actualizado de sus plantas vasculares. Preguntas: ¿Cuál es la riqueza, endemismo y distribución de la flora vascular de Jalisco? Especies de estudio: Traqueofitas. Sitio y años de estudio: Jalisco; septiembre 2020 a febrero 2024. Métodos: Se compiló una lista actualizada de especies a partir de revisión de literatura, consulta de especímenes del herbario IBUG y bases electrónicas disponibles en línea. Se estimó la riqueza total para el estado y para cada municipio. Se estimaron los índices de diversidad taxonómica y de complementariedad de especies entre municipios. Resultados: La flora vascular incluyó 242 familias, 1,622 géneros y 7,110 especies. Se registraron 3,310 especies endémicas de México, 412 especies endémicas de Jalisco y 390 especies exóticas. Los municipios con más especies fueron Autlán de Navarro, Cuautitlán de García Barragán y La Huerta. Conclusiones: La flora vascular de Jalisco ocupa el cuarto lugar entre las floras más ricas de México. El incremento en las cifras de riqueza, endemismo, incluso de especies introducidas, pone de manifiesto la necesidad de continuar documentando la flora mexicana.

The Sierra Madre del Sur (SMS) concentrates the greatest plant diversity in Mexico (9,524 species) and 10% of the endemism. And 8.3% of its surface is covered by Natural Protected Areas (NPAs). Strategies to create NPAs are based on identifying biodiversity hotspots to preserve the maximum number of species with the least resources. Areas with high biodiversity reflect geographic patterns and evolutionary processes useful for designing NPAs. The objectives were: were 1) to identify Priority Areas for Conservation (PACs) in the SMS based on taxonomic richness, endemism, and phylogenetic diversity, and 2) to seek the geographic congruence of the identified PACs with current NPAs. In a 10 × 10 km grid cell, indices of taxonomic richness, weighted endemism, and phylogenetic diversity were calculated for a set of 9,524 species. Furthermore, consensus areas of endemism were identified for a total of 1,133 endemic species. In the SMS, 33 consensus areas of endemism were rescued, and the taxonomic richness, weighted endemism, and phylogenetic diversity were heterogeneous and 94% correlated. Similarly, 27 PACs were identified. Three NPAs completely cover four PACs, 12 PACs are partially found in three NPAs, and in 38 Areas Voluntarily Designated for Conservation (AVDCs). Finally, 12 identified PACs are not found within any NPA. In the SMS it is necessary to promote the establishment of new NPAs or AVDCs that protect with high plant diversity.

The Sierra Madre del Sur (SMS) biogeographic province parallels the Pacific Ocean from the state of Jalisco to Oaxaca and Puebla. The area is very complex tectonically and geologically and harbors the highest number of vascular and endemic plant species in Mexico. Here, we describe Tigridia nana as a new species in this province. Furthermore, during the revision of herbaria and digital collections, we created a database to provide a biogeographical analysis of Tigridieae in the SMS. Morphologically, T . nana pertains to Tigridia subgenus Tigridia . The nectary has secretory trichomes that extend across the inner tepal, the base of the much reduced limb inflexes, and then covers it. Tigridia nana is endemic to Oaxaca coexisting in the SMS with 34 other species of Tigridieae. The group is very diverse in the state of Oaxaca, with the species richness and endemism concentrated in the Oaxacan Highlands district. The pine-oak forest harbors the greatest species richness. Our findings coincide with the species richness and endemicity values of some other plant groups in the SMS.

Background: The genus Pinguicula harbors 110 species, of which 53 are distributed in Mexico. The formation of the Mexican mountains has favored the Pinguicula diversification. Pinguicula specimens collected in the State of México, along the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt (TMVB) do not correspond with any known species. Questions: Do the collected specimens belong to a new species? What is its conservation status? How many Pinguicula species are there along the TMVB and how do they differentiate? How is the Pinguicula species richness distributed? Studied species: Pinguicula. Study site and dates: TMVB, 2005-2023. Methods: Based on herbarium specimens and recently collected material, a morphological analysis and description were made. Conservation status was assessed following IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Herbarium specimens and digital records of Pinguicula from the TMVB were examined to generate a list and key. We analyzed the richness distribution of Pinguicula by states, vegetation types, elevation ranges, and grid cells. Results: Pinguicula tlahuica is proposed as a new species. It is distinguished by the linear-spatulate summer leaves. The new species falls into the Endangered (EN) category. Along the TMVB, 16 species of Pinguicula are distributed. The State of México, Hidalgo and Michoacán, and the pine-oak forest were the richest. Pinguicula appeared between 759-3,427 m asl. The grid cell analyses revealed different areas with high richness. Conclusions: Along the TMVB, the Pinguicula species richness centered on the Eastern and Western sectors. Pinguicula crassifolia, P. michoacana, P. tlahuica, and P. zamudioana are endemic to the TMVB.

Antecedentes: Dalea es endémico de América, posee amplia distribución en la provincia del Desierto Chihuahuense, sus especies se asocian a matorral xerófilo, bosque de encino y bosque de coníferas. Hipótesis: Las especies de Dalea funcionan como un subrogado de la flora y refuerzan las propuestas de regionalización para esta provincia. Sitio y años de estudio: Provincia del Desierto Chihuahuense, agosto 2020 a julio 2022. Métodos: Se elaboró una base de datos a partir de ejemplares de herbario. El análisis de riqueza de especies se realizó con una cuadricula de 1 × 1°. El endemismo ponderado (WE) y endemismo ponderado corregido (CWE) fueron estimados. Para regionalizar, el recambio de especies fue calculado y se aplicó el método de agrupación UPGMA. Para determinar la caracterización ambiental de los componentes bióticos, los grupos se cotejaron con ecorregiones publicadas. Resultados: Se encontraron 3,061 registros de 77 especies de Dalea, 33 son endémicas al área de estudio. La riqueza de especies se concentró al noroeste y sureste de la provincia. La riqueza de endémicos fue localizada en el centro y norte. El análisis de WE mostró tres celdas ubicadas en el centro del área de estudio; el CWE recuperó tres celdas al sur de la provincia. Se reconocen dos grupos principales (subprovincias), anidando grupos más pequeños (distritos). Los distritos corresponden en su mayoría a las ecorregiones del Desierto Chihuahuense, Matorral de la Meseta Central, Bosques secos del Bajío. Conclusiones: Dalea funcionó como subrogado de la flora y reforzó las propuestas de regionalización para esta provincia.

The genus Pinguicula (Lentibulariaceae) is composed of 115 species of carnivorous plants and Mexico is a center of diversification. The Mexican Transition Zone (MTZ) is the boundary between the Nearctic and Neotropical regions. It includes the main mountain ranges of Mexico, which extend south to northeastern Nicaragua. Its geological history, physiographic diversity and climatic complexity would have provided the environment to support a rich flora as well as angiosperm endemism. It was expected that the distribution of Pinguicula would have the same pattern. To test this hypothesis, a database was constructed based on the review of herbaria specimens, digital herbaria, bibliography, and databases. Species richness distribution and endemism were evaluated by country, biome, biogeographic province, elevation gradient, and three grid-cells sizes. The species richness of Pinguicula was centered in Mexico in an elevation gradient extending from 1,501–2,000 m. Also, species richness was greatest in the Tropical & Subtropical Coniferous Forest biome. However, considering biogeographic criteria, the Sierra Madre Oriental (SMOr) was the richest province. This was also supported by the distribution of the cells with the highest species richness and endemism. The results showed that the pattern of species richness and endemism of Pinguicula was concentrated along the MTZ, particularly in the SMOr.

Antecedentes: Gentianaceae está representada por 18 géneros y 90 especies en México. El género Geniostemon y 46 especies son endémicas. La familia está incluida en tratados taxonómicos y listados florísticos de diversos estados y regiones de México, sin embargo, la región de Nueva Galicia carece de una revisión para el grupo. Preguntas: ¿Cuántos y cuáles géneros y especies de la familia Gentianaceae hay en Nueva Galicia? ¿Cuáles son sus características ecológicas y fenológicas de Gentianaceae en la zona de estudio? Especies de estudio: La familia Gentianaceae. Sitio y año de estudio: Nueva Galicia, 2018-2022. Métodos: El trabajo se desarrolló en cinco fases: 1) obtención del listado preliminar de especies, 2) consulta de ejemplares de herbario, 3) elaboración de matriz de datos a partir de la información de las etiquetas de ejemplares de herbario, 4) exploración y recolección en campo y 5) análisis de la información. Resultados: En Nueva Galicia, Gentianaceae está representada por nueve géneros, 25 especies y dos variedades. Concentra su mayor diversidad en sitios húmedos de bosques templados, en un rango de elevación de 1,500-2,500 m. Gentianaceae florece y/o fructifica a lo largo de todo el año, pero se encontraron más taxones con estructuras reproductivas en octubre y noviembre. Conclusiones: La riqueza de Gentianaceae encontrada posiciona a Nueva Galicia como la zona de mayor diversidad de esta familia con respecto a otros proyectos florísticos en México.

Chusquea subg. Swallenochloa comprises 52 species distributed in five biogeographical areas (Mexican Transition Zone, Brazilian subregion, South American Transition Zone, Chacoan subregion, and Andean region). Species of the subgenus grow from almost sea level in the Andean region to almost 4000 m in the northern South American Transition Zone (SATZ) and are often common or dominant elements of the vegetation. In this study, three questions related to species richness, endemism, and risk category of Chusquea subg. Swallenochloa were addressed. Analyses were based on the geo-referenced occurrence data of these 52 species, using different methods and software programs. Results indicate that the Chacoan subregion and SATZ had the highest richness with 16 and 15 species, respectively. The area of highest endemism was found in the Brazilian subregion. The AOO and EOO methods provided strongly differing estimations of conservation status.

Background: Lycianthes moziniana (Capsiceae, Solanaceae) is an endemic and widespread species in Mexico. Morphological and molecular evidence suggested three varieties (L. moziniana var. margaretiana, L. moziniana var. moziniana and L. moziniana var. oaxacana). Hypotheses: Lycianthes moziniana is integrated by differentiated lineages corresponding to the three varieties identified. Studied species: Lycianthes moziniana (Dunal) Bitter. Study sites and dates: Mexico from 2017 to 2021. Methods: We measured 11 morphological characters based on 207 herbarium specimens. Discriminant Canonical Analysis (DCA), Mahalanobis Square Distance (MD) and Canonical Classificatory Analysis (CCA) were used to uncover the differences among varieties. For geographic and climatic preferences and divergence, we used 288 records and four climatic layers. Results: Two canonical functions explained 100 % of the morphological variation and seven characters had the highest discriminatory power. In addition, MD was statistically significant. Meanwhile, the CCA recovered three groups at 77 %. The morphological evidence demonstrated the distinctiveness of L. moziniana var. moziniana. In contrast, L. moziniana var. margaretiana and L. moziniana var. oaxacana were morphologically similar. The identity test showed significant differences among Ecological Niche Models (ENMs). The evidence indicates geographic and climatic isolation among the varieties. Lycianthes moziniana var. moziniana is widespread and has intermediate overlap with the other two varieties. Lycianthes moziniana var. margaretiana and L. moziniana var. oaxacana were isolated in different biogeographical provinces and showed the lowest overlap. Conclusions: Morphological and geographic data indicates incipient speciation is occurring.