Gregory Brinkman's research while affiliated with National Renewable Energy Laboratory and other places

... The use of grid-enhancing technologies, such as tools to provide real-time updates on the limits of existing transmission lines and balance over and underuse in a transmission system, can maximize the potential of existing infrastructure's ability to integrate renewables and reduce the need for some new transmission projects (DOE 2022). Further, building out high-voltage direct current transmission across the country can, itself, provide increased flexibility in locating clean electricity generation across regions (Bloom et al 2020). ...

... In addition, RES offer several advantages, including a reduction in energy dependence on foreign countries, job creation, and the potential for cost savings [1,6]. However, the inherent variability and uncertainty of RES present a significant challenge for the widespread adoption of renewable energy [7,8]. For example, wind energy generation is heavily influenced by the weather, which can be unpredictable and difficult to forecast accurately [9,10]. ...

... China remains the world's largest emitter of carbon dioxide, mainly due to the high proportion of coal-fired thermal power [12,13]. The flexibility of TPGU [14][15][16][17], SO 2 emissions [18] and other indicators can only be used as a kind of technical indicators or TPGU improvement targets, which cannot be used to comprehensively evaluate TPGU. ...

... In contrast to conventional synchronous generators, which are directly connected to the grid, renewable generators are mainly connected through electronic converters [3]. This decoupling reduces the synchronous equivalent inertia of the power system [4] and impacts its dynamic behavior in the case of disturbances of different natures [5]. ...

... Future air quality, especially aerosols and ozone, will be governed by a range of factors including the physical impacts of climate change and socioeconomic factors such as emission control efforts, demands in energy end-use sectors, and the deployment of alternative transportation and electricity generation technologies (Loughlin et al., 2011;Collet et al., 2014;Nsanzineza et al., 2017;Zhang et al., 2017;Zapata et al., 2018). While the impact of some of these factors on air quality has been studied from an individual perspective (Racherla and Adams, T quality in the San Francisco Bay Area (SFBA) and the San Joaquin Valley (SJV) of California, which are designated non-attainment area for both ozone and PM 2.5 ambient air quality standards (CARB, 2017a; U.S. EPA, 2018), warrants further study. ...

... DG is one application example, since regulatory agencies/government institutions worldwide have applied this model to forecast installed DG capacities. BDM studies forecasting installed DG capacities have been carried out by ANEEL (ANEEL, 2017), the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) (NREL, 2009), and academic researchers (Dong et al., 2017). ...

... We contrast this approach with what we call an unbalanced portfolio approach in which VRE additions do not affect the non-VRE portfolio. Several studies, particularly those that deal with technical integration issues of large shares of VRE (Brancucci Martinez-Anido et al., 2016;Brinkman, Jorgenson, Ehlen, & Caldwell, 2016;Deetjen et al., 2016;Frew et al., 2016;GE Energy, 2010, 2014Hummon et al., 2013;LCG Consulting, 2016;Lew et al., 2013;NYISO, 2010), fix the non-VRE generation portfolio and compare the system's performance with and without large VRE capacity additions. Since the VRE additions do not affect the non-VRE generation portfolio, these studies often lead to significant over-capacity beyond required reserve margins, which can in turn reduce average prices and price variability. ...

... • focused on a narrow aspect of the energy system or the energy transition without having an extensive review of the classification [42][43][44][45][46][47][48]. • focused on a scenario or output comparison rather than model comparison [49][50][51][52]. ...

... Secondly, constructing a new plant needs highly detailed technical, societal, and licensing assessments. Finally, this method implies a minimal impact in the available distribution network [45]. Hydro capacities are not expanded by COPPER to reduce the computational burden and only removed at as the discrete plants retire. ...

... The challenge of transporting the produced power has been investigated in conflict to R1 with simulations without any measurement data 3 or with simulated power production data. 4 Other studies work with data that is derived from weather reports or measurement data with a limited spatiotemporal resolution of 1 h in the time domain and 40 km × 40 km in the spatial domain such as 5 and therefore represent the reality inadequately and do not satisfy the requirement R1. The project METIS 6 investigates the effects of sector coupling in the network and includes a hydrogen grid, but uses datasets of the year 2012 of power production and therefore the project does not satisfy the requirement R3. ...