Graham Horgan's research while affiliated with University of Aberdeen and other places
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Publications (181)
Purpose
Preventing weight regain can only be achieved by sustained changes in energy balance-related behaviors that are associated with weight, such as diet and physical activity. Changes in motivation and self-regulatory skills can support long-term behavioral changes in the context of weight loss maintenance. We propose that experiencing a suppor...
Absolute energy from fats and carbohydrates and the proportion of carbohydrates in the food supply have increased over 50 years. Dietary energy density (ED) is primarily decreased by the water and increased by the fat content of foods. Protein, carbohydrates and fat exert different effects on satiety or energy intake (EI) in the order protein > car...
Behaviour change interventions for weight management have found varied effect sizes and frequent weight re-gain after weight loss. There is interest in exploring whether differences in eating behaviour can be used to develop tailored weight management programs. This secondary analysis of an 18-month weight maintenance randomised controlled trial (R...
Background
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a major risk factor for the development of cardiometabolic diseases. T2DM prevention is largely based on weight-loss and whole diet changes, but intervention with dietary plant bioactives may also improve metabolic health.
Objective
To assess whether supplementation with bilberry and grape seed extract...
Dietary fibre is a major energy source for the human gut microbiota, but it is unclear to what extent the fibre source and complexity affect microbial growth and metabolite production. Cell wall material and pectin were extracted from five different dicotyledon plant sources, apples, beet leaves, beetroots, carrots and kale, and compositional analy...
Objective:
In this study, the associations between the substitution of sedentary time with sleep or physical activity at different intensities and subsequent weight-loss maintenance were examined.
Methods:
This prospective study included 1152 adults from the NoHoW trial who had achieved a successful weight loss of ≥5% during the 12 months prior...
Objective:
Weight regain prevention is a critical public health challenge. Digital behaviour change interventions provide a scalable platform for applying and testing behaviour change theories in this challenging context. This study's goal was to analyse reciprocal effects between psychosocial variables (i.e., needs satisfaction, eating regulation...
Background
We investigate if renin-angiotensin and endothelin-1 response pathways follow the same pattern of recovery as left ventricular ejection fraction in patients with takotsubo syndrome.
Purpose
To provide better insight into the pathophysiology underlying this condition.
Methods
Ninety takotsubo syndrome patients [n=30 in each of “acute”,...
Introduction
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPEX) provides valuable diagnostic and prognostic cardiopulmonary function data. However, in clinical setting a maximal test is not always achievable. The Oxygen Efficiency Uptake Slope (OUES) has been proposed as a possible submaximal measure of cardiopulmonary function as it remains relatively stable...
Background
Anthracycline-related cardiac dysfunction is a recognised consequence of cancer therapies. Here we assess resting cardiac and skeletal muscle energic status as an early mechanistic pathway of myocyte derangement and explore molecular targets of skeletal myocyte metabolism, protein synthesis/degradation and mitochondrial biogenesis signal...
Background
To date, few digital behavior change interventions for weight loss maintenance focusing on long-term physical activity promotion have used a sound intervention design grounded on a logic model underpinned by behavior change theories. The current study is a secondary analysis of the weight loss maintenance NoHoW trial and investigated put...
Metabolites produced by microbial fermentation in the human intestine, especially short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), are known to play important roles in colonic and systemic health. Our aim here was to advance our understanding of how and why their concentrations and proportions vary between individuals. We have analysed faecal concentrations of mic...
Purpose
This study evaluated the postprandial effects following consumption of buckwheat, fava bean, pea, hemp and lupin compared to meat (beef); focussing on biomarkers of satiety, gut hormones, aminoacids and plant metabolites bioavailability and metabolism.
Methods
Ten subjects ( n = 3 men; n = 7 women; 42 ± 11.8 years of age; BMI 26 ± 5.8 kg/m...
BACKGROUND
The use of digital interventions can be accurately monitored via log files. However, monitoring engagement with intervention goals or enactment of the actual behaviors targeted by the intervention is more difficult and is usually evaluated based on pre-post measurements in a controlled trial.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate if engaging with two d...
Background:
The use of digital interventions can be accurately monitored via log files. However, monitoring engagement with intervention goals or enactment of the actual behaviors targeted by the intervention is more difficult and is usually evaluated based on pre-post measurements in a controlled trial.
Objective:
The objective of this paper is...
Several cross-sectional studies have shown hair cortisol concentration to be associated with adiposity, but the relationship between hair cortisol concentration and longitudinal changes in measures of adiposity are largely unknown. We included 786 adults from the NoHoW trial, who had achieved a successful weight loss of ≥5% and had a body mass inde...
BACKGROUND
Digital behavior change interventions (DBCIs) offer a promising channel for providing health promotion services. However, user experience of the technologies largely determines user engagement, which is necessary for their effectiveness.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate user experiences with the NoHoW Toolkit (TK), a DBCI targeting weight loss mai...
Background:
Digital behavior change interventions (DBCIs) offer a promising channel for providing health promotion services. However, user experience largely determines whether they are used, which is a precondition for effectiveness.
Objective:
The primary aim of this study is to evaluate user experiences with the NoHoW Toolkit (TK)-a DBCI that...
Background:
Effective interventions and commercial programmes for weight loss (WL) are widely available, but most people regain weight. Few effective WL maintenance (WLM) solutions exist. The most promising evidence-based behaviour change techniques for WLM are self-monitoring, goal setting, action planning and control, building self-efficacy, and...
Scope:
Green leafy vegetables (GLV) may improve postprandial glycaemic responses (PGR) and metabolic health. However, inter-individual variations (IIV) preclude conclusive evidence. Sirtuin system is emerging as a key player in blood glucose control. This study investigated IIV in PGR in women co-ingesting GLV with a carbohydrate meal and interact...
There is substantial evidence documenting the effects of behavioural interventions on weight loss (WL). However, behavioural approaches to initial WL are followed by some degree of longer-term weight regain, and large trials focusing on evidence-based approaches to weight loss maintenance (WLM) have generally only demonstrated small beneficial effe...
This article discusses the variability and randomness of p values, the most widely used currency of evidence in nutritional and health studies. One implication of this, the importance of always testing interaction terms when subgroups are examined and presented separately is also discussed.
BACKGROUND
Many weight loss programs show short-term effectiveness, but subsequent weight loss maintenance is difficult to achieve. Digital technologies offer promising means to delivering behaviour change approaches at low cost and on a wide scale. The NoHoW project was a European Commission H2020-funded project aimed to develop, test, and evaluat...
Background
Many weight loss programs show short-term effectiveness, but subsequent weight loss maintenance is difficult to achieve. Digital technologies offer a promising means of delivering behavior change approaches at low costs and on a wide scale. The Navigating to a Healthy Weight (NoHoW) project, which was funded by the European Union’s Horiz...
Background: Many weight loss programs show short-term effectiveness, but subsequent weight loss maintenance is difficult to achieve. Digital technologies offer promising means to delivering behaviour change approaches at low cost and on a wide scale. The NoHoW project was a European Commission H2020-funded project aimed to develop, test, and evalua...
High levels of meat consumption are a problem for both the environment and health. Livestock production is associated with high levels of greenhouse gas emissions and there are concerns about an increased health risk from high intakes of red and processed meat. However, the challenge is how to reduce meat consumption when meat-based diets are the n...
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity is the main cause of mortality in Western countries. While poor lifestyle and unbalanced nutrition are important determinants for the disease onset, epidemiological evidence suggests that increased intake of particular dietary components, such as wholegrains, can reduce the risk of CVD(Reference Kirwan, Malin...
The peptide hormone, adropin, is altered by diet, reduced in obese individuals and associated with improved metabolic health linked to glucose and lipid metabolism, fat oxidation and vascular function(Reference Drew, Reichardt and Williams1,Reference Gao, Stevens and Butler2) . Growing evidence identifies links between circulating adropin levels an...
Plasma adropin contributes to glucose and lipid homeostasis and cardiovascular system function(Reference Drew, Reichardt and Williams1). Adropin levels are influenced by diet(Reference Drew, Reichardt and Williams1), but postprandial responses have not been established. The sirtuin system is also implicated in postprandial glucose and lipid homeost...
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235144.].
The social amplification of risk framework typically represents consequential effects associated with high levels of media attention proceeding from an initial risk event. This study considers selective meat-eating as risk-related social behaviour that is evidently not initiated by a single event yet, nevertheless, is demonstrably subject to extens...
Context
Weight loss is known to improve health, however the influence of variability in body weight around the overall trajectory on these outcomes is unknown. Few studies have measured body weight frequently enough to accurately estimate the variability component.
Objective
To investigate the association of 12-month weight variability and concurr...
The potential beneficial effects of plant-based diets on human health have been extensively studied. However, the evidence regarding the health effects of extracted plant-based proteins as functional ingredients, other than soya, is scarce. The aim of this review was to compile evidence on the effects of extracted protein from a wide range of tradi...
Background
Several studies have suggested that reduced sleep duration and quality are associated with an increased risk of obesity and related metabolic disorders, but the role of sleep in long-term weight loss maintenance (WLM) has not been thoroughly explored using prospective data.
Methods and findings
The present study is an ancillary study ba...
Microbes in the intestinal tract have a strong influence on human health. Their fermentation of dietary nondigestible carbohydrates leads to the formation of health-promoting short-chain fatty acids, including butyrate, which is the main fuel for the colonic wall and has anticarcinogenic and anti-inflammatory properties. A good understanding of the...
An association between sleep and obesity has been suggested in several studies, but many previous studies relied on self-reported sleep and on BMI as the only adiposity measure. Moreover, a relationship between weight loss history and attained sleep duration has not been thoroughly explored.
The study comprised of 1202 participants of the European...
Background
Commercial physical activity monitors have wide utility in the assessment of physical activity in research and clinical settings, however, the removal of devices results in missing data and has the potential to bias study conclusions. This study aimed to evaluate methods to address missingness in data collected from commercial activity m...
Background
Activity trackers such as the Fitbit Charge 2 enable users and researchers to monitor physical activity in daily life, which could be beneficial for changing behaviour. However, the accuracy of the Fitbit Charge 2 in a free-living environment is largely unknown.
Objective
To investigate the agreement between Fitbit Charge 2 and ActiGrap...
There is convincing evidence that sugar-sweetened beverages increase the risk of body weight (BW) gain and higher body mass index. In contrast, observational studies on regular consumption of 100% fruit juice provide conflicting results, with most indicating a neutral impact on BW and body mass index, while others suggest positive or even inverse a...
Background:
The composition of diets consumed following weight loss (WL) can have a significant impact on satiety and metabolic health.
Objective:
This study was designed to test the effects of including a nondigestible carbohydrate to achieve weight maintenance (WM) following a period of WL.
Methods:
Nineteen volunteers [11 females and 8 male...
Background
Technological advances in remote monitoring offer new opportunities to quantify body weight patterns in free-living populations. This paper describes body weight fluctuation patterns in response to weekly, holiday (Christmas) and seasonal time periods in a large group of individuals engaged in a weight loss maintenance intervention.
Met...
This study examined whether adding a compassion-focused light touch digital intervention into a commercial multicomponent weight management programme improved eating behaviour, self-evaluation and weight-related outcomes. The compassion intervention significantly reduced binge eating symptomatology and dropout, and improved psychological adjustment...
Wearable devices are increasingly prevalent in research environments for the estimation of energy expenditure (EE) and heart rate (HR). The aim of this study was to validate the HR and EE estimates of the Fitbit charge 2 (FC2), and the EE estimates of the Sensewear armband mini (SWA). We recruited 59 healthy adults to participate in walking, runnin...
Despite considerable research the evidence around the antidiabetic properties of cinnamon remains equivocal, and this may be due to varietal differences which is an aspect that is understudied. This study systematically compared the anti-hyperglycaemic properties of the four major commercial cinnamon types used around the world (Chinese; Cinnamomum...
Background
Endurance trained athletic healthy volunteers (Athl-HV) and type 2 diabetes patients (T2D) have higher levels of lipids in their skeletal myocytes compared to healthy controls. Despite apparently similar metabolic storage, they are at opposite ends of insulin sensitivity and cardio-metabolic risk.
Purpose
We investigated if the degree o...
This study investigated the effect of a three week supplementation of bilberry extract on glucose metabolism. Overweight volunteers (n = 16; BMI 31) were given three capsules of either 0.47 g bilberry extract (36% (w/w) anthocyanins) or placebo per day for three weeks in a double blinded cross over intervention.
The ingestion of the bilberry extrac...
The amount of meat consumed is having a negative impact on both health and the environment. This study investigated the probability of eating meat and the amount eaten at a meal within different social, temporal and situational contexts. Dietary intake data from 4-day diet diaries of adults (19 years and above) taken from the UK National Diet and N...
Hours worked is not associated with Diet Quality Index, frequency of eating out or frequency of takeaways - Volume 77 Issue OCE4 - L. Sam, T. Craig, G. Horgan, J.I. Macdiarmid
The cost of healthy and sustainable diets as purchased by consumers in Scotland - Volume 77 Issue OCE4 - S. Whybrow, G.W. Horgan, J.I. Macdiarmid
Associations between diet quality and socio-economic factors in the UK population - Volume 77 Issue OCE4 - L.C.A. Craig, K.L. Barton, G. Horgan, A. Milne
PurposeLow fruit and vegetable consumption is linked with an increased risk of death from vascular disease and cancer. The benefit of eating fruits and vegetables is attributed in part to antioxidants, vitamins and phytochemicals. Whether increasing intake impacts on markers of disease remains to be established. This study investigates whether incr...
Some of the biggest challenges facing humanity are climate change and future food security, and current dietary patterns are contributing significantly to these problem. While the causes of climate change are known, effective adaption and mitigation will require changing human behaviour and diet. The aim of this study is to explore the link between...
Anti-hyperglycaemic properties of cinnamon depends on the species - Volume 77 Issue OCE2 - V. Ranawana, N. Hayward, S. Farag, C. Austin, G. Horgan, G. McDougall
The effect of breakfast protein on appetite control in ageing subjects - Volume 76 Issue OCE3 - E. O'Leary, C. Fyfe, W. Buosi, D. Crabtree, G. Horgan, A.M. Johnstone
Sugar intake in Scottish children (Full4Health Study) - Volume 76 Issue OCE3 - E. O'Leary, W. Buosi, D. Crabtree, G. Horgan, C. Fyfe, A.M. Johnstone
Investigation of mechanisms of protein induced satiety: meal structure and protein content effects on gastric emptying and gut hormone release - Volume 76 Issue OCE2 - M. Groenen, C.L. Fyfe, G. Holtrop, G.W. Horgan, C.L. Meek, F. Gribble, P. Morgan, A.M. Johnstone
Overweight, obesity and associated diseases are major societal challenges for the health of European citizens. Most individuals can manage to lose weight, but few manage to maintain their weight loss in the long term. The key challenge in managing obesity in Europe and beyond is therefore not weight loss per se, but weight loss maintenance. The ove...
Scope:
Phytophenols present in cereals are metabolised to compounds that could be partly responsible for the reduced risk of chronic diseases and all-cause mortality associated with fibre-rich diets. The bioavailability, form and in vivo concentrations of these metabolites requires to be established.
Materials/methods:
Eight healthy volunteers c...
Impact of increasing fruit and vegetable intake for 12 weeks on cellular immune responsiveness in healthy subjects with low habitual intakes: A pilot investigation - Volume 75 Issue OCE2 - V. Rungapamestry, A.M. Hall, L.S. Hall, D. Bremner, W. Russell, S. Duthie, C. Bestwick, G. Duthie, G. Horgan, R.N. Barker
Background:
Over sixty percent of adults in the UK are now overweight/obese. Weight management on a national scale requires behavioural and lifestyle solutions that are accessible to large numbers of people. Evidence suggests commercial weight management programmes help people manage their weight but there is little research examining those that p...
Introduction: In England 67% of men and 57% of women are overweight or obese. Obesity is associated with multiple medical comorbidities. We set out to identify awareness of obesity among patients and secondary care clinicians, and promote healthier lifestyle through advice. Methods: We assayed all medical patients admitted to The Royal London Hospi...
Comparing reported energy intakes with estimated energy requirements as multiples of basal metabolic rate (Ein:BMR) is an established method of identifying implausible food intake records. The present study aimed to examine the validity of self-reported food intakes believed to be plausible.
One hundred and eighty men and women were provided with a...
The link between health consequences and the environmental impact of the diet has generated the debate about future dietary guidance for ensuring healthy and environmentally sustainable diets. It is generally agreed that animal products tend to have a higher environmental impact than plant-based products, however recent work has highlighted that th...
Introduction: Obesity is a key economic and healthcare challenge for Europe. Effective interventions for weight loss are widely available, but few comprehensive solutions exist to help with weight loss maintenance (WLM) and most people regain lost weight. Research suggests promising evidence-based behaviour change techniques for WLM are self-monito...
Low B vitamin status is linked with human vascular disease. We employed a proteomic and biochemical approach to determine whether nutritional folate deficiency and/or hyperhomocysteinemia altered metabolic processes linked with atherosclerosis in ApoE null mice. Animals were fed either a control fat (C; 4 % w/w lard) or a high-fat [HF; 21 % w/w lar...
Background:
There is limited evidence with regard to the effect of different sources of protein on appetite during weight loss. Vegetarian and meat-based high-protein diets may have contrasting effects on appetite and biomarkers of protein-induced satiety.
Objective:
The aim was to assess appetite response to meat or vegetarian high-protein weig...
Nutritional responses of cellular defence systems to different fats with or without phytochemical rich extracts: molecular markers of health status - Volume 73 Issue OCE1 - J. E. Drew, Garry Duthie, A. J. Farquharson, Graham Horgan
