Gordon John's research while affiliated with Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf and other places

... Moreover, CHX has side effects such as taste alterations and tooth staining [58], as well as other less frequent complaints as burning or anesthetized sensation, hypersensitivity, and increase in calculus accumulation [59]. Also in vitro studies have shown cytotoxicity, mainly against osteoblasts [60][61][62][63]. Considering these results and the potential problem of the emergence of microbial resistance, mainly with the use of antibiotics [24][25][26], there is a growing interest in studying substances of plant origin (phytochemicals) with demonstrated antimicrobial effect. ...

... Becker and collaborators [32], in their study, evaluated the action of a mouthwash, which was based on chlorhexidine combined with cetylpyridinium chloride, in the reduction of the living cells in oral biofilms that were adhered to the surface of hydroxyapatite and treated titanium, and emphasized the antimicrobial potential of mouthwashes that contained 0.05% CHX and 0.05% CPC. According to the same author [32], CPC had a moderate efficacy, if used alone; however, when combined with CHX, a synergistic effect increased its antimicrobial activity. ...

... In the present study, both interventions induced a significant reduction in the inflammatory surrogates. Improvement in secondary outcomes BoP and PCF have been reported previously comparing air-abrasives devices and conventional mechanical debridement [9,49,50]. Whereas present study showed a significant reduction in BoP for both groups, they found a significantly greater reduction in BoP in the air-abrasive group at 3 and 6 months concluding that neither control (ultrasonic) nor test (air-abrasive device) may effectively resolve peri-implantitis [26]. PCF provides an early indication of patients at risk for peri-implantitis and implant loss [51,52]. ...

... Nevertheless, histological signs of an osteonecrosis zone (i.e., reduced number of osteocytes and presence of empty lacunae) were commonly not observed in any of the specimens evaluated. Recent preclinical studies also reported on a compromised extraction socket healing under Zo therapy [42], particularly in the presence of experimentally induced periodontal infections [43]. ...

... An ideal biomaterial must be biocompatible and have little effect on other parts of the body. In addition, biomaterials for bone implants should possess the following properties: Osteoinductivity to stimulate mesenchymal cell differentiation into bone-forming osteoblasts; osteoconductivity to serve as a matrix for vascular and cellular migration, and osteointegrative properties with osteoprogenitor cells to produce a new bone matrix [1]. To ensure safety, investigations into a new biomaterial must be repeated many times in vitro and in vivo. ...

... 18 Zafiropoulos et al. showed how a case was deteriorating periodontally and around implants due to lack of regular maintenance. 19 Moreover, tooth loss has been clearly linked to the frequency of maintenance care. 20 The latest classification of periodontal and peri-implant diseases was used for the current case. ...

... Zafiropoulos and John 2017 [42] Use ...

... What hampers treatment is the rough implant surface and the difficulty in accessing the affected area [16]. Several approaches for the decontamination of the affected implants are described: from nonsurgical [17][18][19][20], to surgical procedures [21][22][23], using curettes [24], titanium brushes [25], ultrasonic devices or air-powder abrasion [20,26], photodynamic therapy [27,28], and high-power laser treatments [24,29]. Promising results were described using erbium lasers [30][31][32][33][34], however, for better outcomes, a flap should be opened [16], considering that the laser tip must be used perpendicular to the surface. ...

... Depending on the morphology and the extent of the defect, as well as on the location of the implant, surgical treatment can involve different approaches and implant surface decontamination techniques [11]. Among these techniques, implantoplasty (IP) consists of polishing and smoothing those parts of rough-surfaced implants that are outside the bone contour due to progressive marginal bone loss associated with peri-implantitis, or eventual bone resection during peri-implant surgery [12]. Although this technique has proved effective in clinical studies [13,14], several investigations have reported that IP reduces the fracture resistance of both standards (i.e., 3.75 to 4.5 mm) and narrow (i.e., ≤3.5 mm) diameter implants [15][16][17][18]. ...

... los procedimientos de descontaminación (4) . También debe considerarse la corrección de sitios que no pueden higienizarse correctamente, y un adecuado control de placa (5) . ...