Gordon Hodson’s research while affiliated with Brock University and other places

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Publications (165)


The Role of Attitudinal Ambivalence in Susceptibility to Consensus Information
  • Article

September 2001

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63 Reads

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107 Citations

Basic and Applied Social Psychology

Gordon Hodson

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The role of attitudinal ambivalence and 9 other attitude properties in determining responsiveness to consensus information were examined in this experiment. We expected attitude ambivalence, but not the other attitude properties, to moderate the effects of consensus information on final attitudes expressed. After completing initial measures of attitudes toward social welfare, participants watched a videotaped debate between a prosocial and an antisocial welfare debater. Participants then provided an initial evaluation of the debate, were exposed to debate evaluations from alleged fellow participants supporting either the prosocial or antisocial welfare debater, and reported their subsequent attitudes toward the debate and toward social welfare. As predicted, individuals who initially held ambivalent attitudes toward social welfare reported postconsensus welfare attitudes that were consistent with those of their supposed peers. Participants low in ambivalence reported attitudes contrary to the consensus information from peers. Similar effects were found only for I other attitude property, attitude embeddedness, and were reduced to nonsignificance when the effects of ambivalence and embeddedness were examined simultaneously. The role of attitudinal ambivalence in moderating responsiveness to consensus information is discussed in the context of media publication of poll results.


Just Who Favors the In-Group? Personality Differences in Reactions to Uncertainty in the Minimal Group Paradigm
  • Article
  • Publisher preview available

June 2001

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65 Reads

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24 Citations

Group Dynamics Theory Research and Practice

Researchers have proposed that people identify with and discriminate in favor of their groups to reduce subjective uncertainty (e.g., M. A. Hogg & D. Abrams, 1993). The authors examined whether individual differences in uncertainty orientation (R. M. Sorrentino & J. C. Short, 1986) are relevant to this process. Following B. A. Mullin and M. A. Hogg (1998), participants ( N = 147) were either categorized or not categorized under conditions of low or high task uncertainty when allocating resources using a matrix task. As expected, only certainty-oriented people (who gravitate toward certainty, are biased by group processes, and use heuristics under uncertainty) showed in-group bias under conditions of high uncertainty. This was unaccompanied by increased identification, certainty ratings, or self-esteem. The authors suggest that personality variables directly relevant to uncertainty resolution be considered in these processes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)

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Uncertainty Orientation and the Big Five Personality Structure

June 1999

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67 Reads

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69 Citations

Journal of Research in Personality

The present study investigated the relationship between the uncertainty orientation construct (Sorrentino & Short, 1986) and the Big Five personality structure. As predicted, uncertainty orientation was related to only the Openness to Experience factor and not to Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, or Neuroticism. Discriminant and convergent validity for the construct using the Six-Factor Personality Questionnaire (6FPQ; Jackson & Paunonen, in press) was demonstrated. Uncertainty orientation was also positively correlated with the NEO-PI-R Openness measure (Costa & McCrae, 1992). As predicted, both components of uncertainty orientation (need to master uncertainty and Authoritarianism) tapped distinct aspects of personality and provided unique variance in predicting Openness as measured by the 6FPQ. The implications for the nature of the uncertainty orientation construct are discussed.


Groupthink and Uncertainty Orientation: Personality Differences in Reactivity to the Group Situation

June 1997

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196 Reads

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29 Citations

Group Dynamics Theory Research and Practice

Groupthink theory explains how situational conditions influence group decision making. The authors predict that certainty-oriented (CO) groups show more groupthink than do uncertainty-oriented (UO) groups under closed- rather than open-leadership conditions, this difference being greater under high- rather than low-cohesion conditions. Groupthink can be diminished by avoiding their leader's biased information. The authors asked 68 groups of 4 to decide the fate of a legal case. They found that CO groups are more influenced by situational conditions than are UO groups and that COs make fewer biased decisions with open- rather than closed-leadership conditions and discuss more facts and take more time under high rather than low cohesion. Cohesion interacts with personality to affect group processes but not the decision outcome. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)


Recategorization and crossed categorization: The implications of group salience and representations for reducing bias.

212 Reads

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22 Citations

John F. Dovidio

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Gordon Hodson

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Missy Houlette

In this chapter, we examine how interventions designed to alter the way people categorize others as members of their ingroup or outgroup can critically shape the nature and extent of social prejudice and bias. First, we describe the ways in which social categorization influences interpersonal and intergroup responses. Second, we review different approaches aimed at altering the nature of social categorization to reduce bias. Third, we discuss potential limitations of interventions designed to create a single, inclusive social categorization. In the fourth section, we explore two different approaches to recategorization, crossed categorization, and dual identities, within the context of the common ingroup identity model. The concluding section summarizes the findings and implications of the work. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)


Citations (82)


... Over the past decade, public awareness and visibility of sexual orientation and gender diverse (SOGD) persons in Australia have notably surged, with a significant rise in political discourse concerning SOGD issues (Casey et al., 2021;Ezzy et al., 2022). Despite a seemingly positive shift in social attitudes toward SOGD minorities, sexual orientation and gender-based discrimination remains and is often justified under the guise of conservative and/or moral religious expression (Hoffarth et al., 2018). Specifically, SOGD prejudice 1 (i.e., negative evaluations against individuals on the basis of their sexual orientation, gender identity or expression; Cramwinckel et al., 2018) endures. ...

Reference:

Promoting Positive Intergroup Relations Toward Sexual and Gender Minorities: The Role of Vicarious Contact and Religiosity
When and Why Is Religious Attendance Associated With Antigay Bias and Gay Rights Opposition? A Justification-Suppression Model Approach

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

... In a large-scale North American study conducted between 1983 and 2005, Lewis (2011) found that regardless of people's demographics, belongings and beliefs, having more contacts with LGB+ people enabled heterosexual persons to support LGB+ rights. More frequent contact with gays and lesbians is associated with greater support of their rights, including same-sex marriage (Barth, Overby, & Huffmon, 2009;Hoffarth & Hodson, 2016). A more recent study carried out in Italy (Piumatti & Salvati, 2020) confirmed that contacts with LGB + community positively related to the endorsement of same-sex unions and families' rights, especially in participants with lower levels of religiosity. ...

Who Needs Imagined Contact?

Social Psychology

... A large proportion of the evidence for the benefits of intergroup contact, however, comes either from cross-sectional studies that cannot establish causality or from longitudinal studies that do not clearly separate between-person variance (differences between individuals over time) from within-person variance (changes in individual values over time). Recent analyses using statistical techniques have found limited evidence of within-person reduction of prejudice following within-person increases in intergroup contact (Friehs et al. 2024;Hodson and Meleady 2024). Commentators have posited several reasons as to why this might be the case. ...

Replicating and Extending : Contact Predicts No Within-Person Longitudinal Outgroup-Bias Change

American Psychologist

... Most relevant to the current research is work on the 'meat-paradox', which relies on a specific form of cognitive dissonance stressing the importance of the personal and behavioral commitment in dissonance arousal (Bastian & Loughnan, 2017; but see Rothgerber, 2020). Literature on the meat-paradox demonstrates that when people experience psychological con ict between their meat-eating practices and the harm experienced by animals in the meat production process, it increases their moral discomfort and guilt, and people try to reduce their responsibility by reducing their intentions to eat meat (e.g., Earle, Hodson, Dhont, & MacInnis, 201 ;Gunther, MacInnis, Hodson, & Dhont, 2023;Kunst & Hohle, 201 ), but people also engage in dementalization mechanisms to reduce the negative emotions raised by their consumptions (Bastian, Loughnan, Haslam, & Radke, 2012). When people face objectifiedanimals (i.e., meat-animals) and the moral implications of eating them, then denying the ualities that make those animals morally relevant, namely their capacity to think and feel, is an efficient way to minimize and rationalize the harm animals experience during the meatproduction process (Loughnan, Bastian, & Haslam, 2014). ...

Addressing Behavior and Policy Around Meat: Associating Factory Farming With Animal Cruelty “Works” Better Than Zoonotic Disease

... Gruplar arası insanlıktan çıkarma, insanların hayvanlardan üstün olduğu inancıyla bağlantılıdır. Bu inanca, diğer hayvanların insanlara kıyasla daha az korunmaya ve hakka sahip olduğu düşüncesi eşlik etmektedir (Hodson ve Dhont, 2023). Kimi insan gruplarının alt statüye yerleştirilen hayvan gruplarına benzetilmesi ile söz konusu gruplar insan kategorisinin dışına atılmaktadır. ...

An Integrated Psychology of (Animalistic) Dehumanization Requires a Focus on Human-Animal Relations
  • Citing Article
  • June 2023

Current Research in Ecological and Social Psychology

... The addition of RWA in Model 3 rendered religious fundamentalism a marginally significant predictor of reduced prejudiced. This pattern has been observed in other research (e.g., Hall et al., 2010), but has been attributed to a suppression effect due to an overlap in the conceptualizations and measurements of RWA and religious fundamentalism (Hodson & Prusaczyk, 2024;Mavor et al., 2009). To address this issue, we followed the lead of Mavor et al. (2009) who reduced the overlap by using only an aggression subscale of RWA. ...

A cautionary note on interpreting research findings in the presence of statistical suppression
  • Citing Article
  • April 2023

... Unfortunately, in real life, affectively polarized partisans are not particularly motivated to build connections with each other. If anything, they are highly motivated to avoid interacting with those on the other side (6)(7)(8)(9)(10). With these social forces at work, how can researchers intervene? ...

Ideologically‐based contact avoidance during a pandemic: Blunt or selective distancing from ‘others’?
  • Citing Article
  • March 2023

European Journal of Social Psychology

... We used themes and wording from other scholars (Cameron, 2004;Earle & Hodson, 2022;Sellers, 2013) to create this measure of support for the ideology of White identity pride. Using a 5-point scale ranging from "strongly disagree" to "strongly agree," participants responded to four statements, including "I am proud to be White." ...

Dealing with declining dominance: White identification and anti-immigrant hostility in the US
  • Citing Article
  • April 2022

Group Processes & Intergroup Relations

... What factors determine whether advantaged individuals will feel motivated to support steps that dismantle hierarchies versus deny or distance themselves from it? Extant research suggests that group identity strength is an important predictor of the type of identity management strategy that advantaged group members adopt while grappling with the implications of their privilege (Branscombe et al., 2007;Hodson et al., 2022;Knowles & Lowery, 2012;Lowery et al., 2007). For example, a series of experiments by Lowery and colleagues (2007) found that whether or not White Americans denied the existence of White privilege depended on the extent to which they believed that they shared a common fate with their racial ingroup (a proxy for the strength of social identity), such that stronger belief in common fate predicted greater denial of privilege. ...

Privilege lost: How dominant groups react to shifts in cultural primacy and power
  • Citing Article
  • April 2022

Group Processes & Intergroup Relations