Gilgit Pakistan’s scientific contributions

This research study investigates climate change as a non-conventional security threat for Pakistan. Extreme weather events, water shortage, and population displacement are just a few of the difficulties Pakistan is facing as the effects of climate change become more pronounced worldwide. These difficulties could make the region's current security problems worse. As a complex global issue with substantial security ramifications, climate change is now more widely acknowledged to go far beyond environmental issues. The non-traditional security risks that climate change poses to Pakistan through a case study that focuses on that nation. Pakistan is particularly vulnerable to the negative effects of climate change due to its diverse topography, populace, and socioeconomic vulnerabilities. It emphasizes the relevance of adjusting to changing climatic circumstances to guarantee a more resilient and secure future for Pakistan and the wider region. It also emphasizes the importance of regional and international collaboration in mitigating climate change's impact on security.

Pakistan and Turkey have maintained strong ties ever since Pakistan's independence thanks to shared interests, and cultural, spiritual, and trade ties. To ensure a successful presence on the global market and to develop various trade agreements, the two brother countries have already been working together to deepen their trade cooperation. Since the formation of Pakistan, relations with Turkey have been very positive and cordial. The worldviews of the two nations are similar on a variety of global and regional concerns. Religious, cultural, and historical ties unite Pakistan and Turkey. Additionally, both nations are in crucial geostrategic regions and are significant countries within the Muslim world due to their political, economic, and military prowess. Despite Islamabad and Ankara experiencing warm feelings, they were unable to translate them into solid economic and trade ties. This paper employing a qualitative research approach and using a chronological historical survey examines how and why bilateral relations have changed over time, as well as how and why two nations' shared cultural and religious identities and security concerns have prevented them from developing into robust economic relationships. It will also investigate which of these elements persisted throughout time and examine the opportunities and challenges in their future relations. .