George Lakoff's research while affiliated with University of California, Berkeley and other places

... Kövecses (2015) distinguishes three types: Source-related, target-induced, and context-dependent creativity. There are two subtypes of source-related creativity: "Source-internal", involving cases that can be described as elaboration and extension (Lakoff and Turner 1989), and "source-external," operating with the so-called the "range of the target" phenomenon, where a particular target concept (e.g. HAPPINESS) receives novel, additional vehicles (e.g. ...

... 8). Lakoff and Johnson (1980) state that metaphors are an expression of thought structures and "our ordinary conceptual system, in terms of which we both think and act, is fundamentally metaphoric in nature" (p. 3). ...

... Regarding this question and problem, Abrahamson and Mechsner consider Piaget's pioneering notion of the sensorimotor grounding of would-be abstract ideas, such as number (Piaget, 1945). We are less aligned with the cognitive semantics theory of conceptual metaphor (Lakoff & Núñez, 2000; see Abrahamson, 2020Abrahamson, , 2021b or with authors promoting "assembled" views of cognition, where mind and objects share in agential status (de Freitas & Sinclair, 2014). Instead, we take a strong stance by following the guiding idea that concrete and would-be abstract mental spaces and activities can be integrated in a unified framework, submitting that all human mental processes basically involve the same categories of spaces, objects, and actions (cf. ...

... Both in its institutionalized and personalized forms, radiologists' professional language contains many descriptions of causal impressions [21,42,45] and extends to animated impressions. Language not only conveys information but also offers the radiologist's body certain affordances to act while amplifying causal relations of a particular region. ...

... G. Lakoff et al. [9] explains metaphors as systematic projections between two cognitive spaces. One of these is the source whereas the other is the target sphere, through the process of cascading changes in the semantic hierarchy. ...

... Rather than drawing on the 'lexical approach' to speculate the mental mechanism of emotion concepts as commonly practiced in the field of cognitive linguistics [17][18][19][20][21], the embodiment of emotion concepts, grounded by modern embodied cognitive science, particularly interoceptive neuroscience, can be broadly parsed along two neural axes. The first is afferent body-to-brain 'interoception', encompassing the signaling and representation of changes in the physiological state translated within the brain into feeling states of subjective emotional experience and awareness. ...

... Originally understood in the natural sciences as referring to different organisms with the same structure, the term was adopted in literary criticism to correlate content with form, thus leading to the misleading assumption that form and meaning are somehow separable elements as two different organisms are. In cognitive Poetic Cognition 18 linguistics, George Lakoff andMark Johnson (1980, 1999) have been at pains to maintain the original distinction, and that distinction becomes important for poetic iconicity. ...

... Thus, a childhood spent in a more diverse and open environment will likely result in less enduring and perceptible imprints on thinking than a childhood spent in a strict enclave group. Childhood itself is such an important period for thought-model acquisition because it is a critical time for neural pathway development (Lakoff, 2012). ...

... Exceptions include the treatment of specific issues such as the persuasive use of conceptual blending and metaphor (Charteris-Black, 2011;Fauconnier & Lakoff, 2009;Fairhurst & Sarr, 1996) and the contribution of the choice of words to supporting positive or negative appraisals of the same situations and events (Martin & White, 2003;Scherer, Schorr, & Johnstone, 2001). Furthermore, the establishment of multimodal communication research as a distinct field of inquiry has contributed to shedding new light at the decisive role of nonverbal elements such as pictures, colours, shapes, and physical action in the framing (also) of individual words and vice versa (Powell, Boomgaarden, de Swert, & de Vreese, 2019;Meijers, Remmelswaal & Wonneberger, 2018;Jewitt, Bezemer, & O'Halloran, 2016;Jones, 2014). ...

... All these insights into the construction of meaning were in the air before and during the 19th century and are not the reserve of the 20th century alone (see Smith 1982;; for a summary of what cognitive linguists know about their predecessors, see now Mark Turner's contribution to the cogling list, 30 th of January, 1999). However, these views needed to be pitched against other dominant views (e.g. ...