Gary R. Weaver's research while affiliated with CP Delaware and other places

Publications (56)

Chapter
Virtue theory’s emphasis on moral character, the feelings associated with it, and the actions that often habitually flow from it create parallels and affinities with empirical social science research on moral identity and moral intuition. The latter two fields, in turn, have implications for understanding how situational contexts, such as life with...
Article
Full-text available
In this interview based article, a panel of business ethicists explores the relationship between behavioral and normative approach to business ethics. Spurred by the meteoric rise of behavioral ethics over the last decade, the interview probes whether normative and behavioral ethics can and should be integrated as a matter of pedagogy. While the pa...
Chapter
Virtue theory’s emphasis on moral character, the feelings associated with it, and the actions that often habitually flow from it create parallels and affinities with empirical social science research on moral identity and moral intuition. The latter two fields, in turn, have implications for understanding how situational contexts, such as life with...
Article
Past Trends and Future Directions in Business Ethics and Corporate Responsibility Scholarship - Volume 25 Issue 4 - Denis G. Arnold, Kenneth E. Goodpaster, Gary R. Weaver
Article
Social welfare, or the good society, is of central concern to the Academy of Management. We begin by observing that, in theory and practice, social welfare appears to be a multifarious, multidimensional, pluralistic concept. In light of this, we develop an account of a multiobjective corporation as a means for enabling a greater range of management...
Chapter
This entry reviews the key distinctions between normative (philosophical) and descriptive (empirical social scientific) methods in business ethics, considering differences in language, institutional roots, assumptions about human agency, role of empirical evidence, and bases for evaluation of theoretical claims. Keywords: business ethics research...
Presentation
Micro-level behavioral research on ethical and unethical behavior within organizations flourished over the past decade, as scandals have hurt businesses’ bottom lines and undermined their legitimacy. While important antecedents of (un)ethical behavior have been identified, the field has devoted little attention to macro-level or meso-level influenc...
Article
Despite the importance of individual¡¯s moral self-regulation at work, moral emotions as a self-regulation property have received sporadic attentions in the organizational wrongdoing context. However, since individuals differ in the intensity and pattern of moral emotion experience from organizational wrongdoing involvement, this study investigates...
Chapter
Much anti-corruption research, rooted in fields such as legal studies, sociology, political science, and economics, rightly has focused on the structural and institutional underpinnings of corrupt systems and of efforts to mitigate corruption. Important as these considerations are in understanding corruption, at some point these societal and instit...
Chapter
Religious institutions can affect organizational practices when employees bring their religious commitments and practices into the workplace. But those religious commitments function in the midst of other organizational factors that influence the working out of employees' religious commitments. This process can generate varying outcomes in organiza...
Article
In contrast to older, conventional accounts that treat ethical decision making and behavior as the result of deliberative and intendedly rational processes, a rapidly growing body of social science research has framed ethical thought and behavior as driven by intuition. We review this important new body of knowledge in terms of both the process and...
Chapter
This empirical study of Fortune 1000 firms assesses the degree to which those firms have adopted various practices associated with corporate ethics programs. The study examines the following aspects of formalized corporate ethics activity: ethics-oriented policy statements; formalization of management responsibilities for ethics; free-standing ethi...
Article
We draw from theories of institutions and collective identities to present a threefold framework of institutional change - involving institutional logics, resources, and social actors - that furthers our understanding of the mitigation of corruption. Those social actors intent on reforming corruption function as institutional entrepreneurs, and the...
Article
Senior managers are important to the successful management of ethics in organizations. Therefore, their perceptions of organizational ethics are important. In this study, we propose that senior managers are likely to have a more positive perception of organizational ethics than lower level employees do largely because of their managerial role and t...
Article
Senior managers are important to the successful management of ethics in organizations. Therefore, their perceptions of organizational ethics are important. In this study, we propose that senior managers are likely to have more positive perception of organizational ethics than lower level employees to largely because of their managerial role and the...
Article
The importance of ethical behavior to an organization has never been more apparent, and in recent years researchers have generated a great deal of knowledge about the management of individual ethical behavior in organizations. We review this literature and attempt to provide a coherent portrait of the current state of the field. We discuss individu...
Article
The amount of attention given to ethics in the curricula of MBA programs varies widely. In this study we utilize both neoinstitutional theory and an internal view of power and politics to investigate the factors - from inside and outside the business school - that influence whether MBA programs attend to ethics by including ethics courses in their...
Article
Organizations sometimes present their members with facades of choice: situations that appear to promise a choice but that, in fact, do not do so. Our study examines how facades of choice, relative to genuine choice, influence justice perceptions and negative and compensatory behavioral reactions. We then consider how the adequacy and timing of expl...
Article
Framing issues of organizational ethics in terms of virtues and moral agency (rather than in terms of rules and ethical behavior) has implications for the way social science addresses matters of morality in organizations. In particular, attending to matters of virtue and moral agency directs attention to the moral identity, or self-concept, of pers...
Article
Efforts to foster ethical behavior in organizations often direct attention to top executives and company policies and programs. Doing so, however, overlooks an important influence on the ethical behavior of people: the behavior of others whom people view as ethical role models. Through in-depth interviews, we asked experienced managers to explain w...
Article
The article discusses the connection between ethics and employees. Research indicates that an organization's internal ethical context can help or hurt key employee attitudes and behaviors. This includes employee commitment and citizenship, which are considered important to a firm's overall success. These and other intangible resources can neither b...
Article
International business research has considered how ethical values and practices vary across cultural boundaries. But how does the degree of internationalization of a firm affect the way multinational corporations (MNCs) and their executives approach ethics? We use primary and secondary data from American MNCs to test this question. The data indicat...
Article
The article discusses the 2002 article “Religiosity and Ethical Behavior in Organizations: A Symbolic Interactionist Perspective,” by G.R. Weaver and B.R. Agle, and offers a rebuttal to the commentary by the authors Weaver and Agle. The commentary criticizes the suggestion of Weaver and Agle that employees should be more public in communicating the...
Article
Claims that religion can influence ethical behavior in business are plausible to many people but problematic in light of existing research. Our analysis indicates that religious role expectations, internalized as a religious self-identity, can influence ethical behavior. However, relationships of religious role expectations to behavior are moderate...
Article
Organizational justice and injustice are widely noted influences on employees' ethical behavior. Corporate ethics programs also raise issues of justice; organizations that fail to "follow-through" on their ethics policies may be perceived as violating employees' expectations of procedural and retributive justice. In this empirical study of four lar...
Article
Formal programs for fostering ethical behavior have become institutionalized in much of the corporate world, with encouragement from government policy makers. But little is known about the various possible outcomes of such programs, nor about the way employees' perceptions of ethics programs affect program outcomes. In this four-company empirical s...
Article
Many large corporations now have formal programs for managing ethical behavior and legal compliance. But the often minor role of human resources (HR) in companies' ethics management efforts is problematic. This is because ethics management efforts are likely to raise questions of fairness, and trigger a fairness heuristic among employees that can g...
Article
Even if there were widespread cross-cultural agreement on the normative issues of business ethics, corporate ethics management initiatives (e.g., codes of conduct, ethics telephone lines, ethics offices) which are appropriate in one cultural setting still could fail to mesh with the management practices and cultural characteristics of a different s...
Article
Individuals' awarenessof moral issues is an important first step in the ethicaldecision-making process. Relying on research in social cognition andbusiness ethics, we hypothesized that moral awareness is influenced byissue-related factors (magnitude of consequences of the moral issueand issue framing in moral terms) and social contextrelated factor...
Article
This survey of employees at six large American companies asked the question: "What works and what hurts in corporate ethics/compliance management?" The study found that a values-based cultural approach to ethics/compliance management works best. Critical ingredients of this approach include leaders' commitment to ethics, fair treatment of employees...
Article
Corporations can respond to expectations for socially responsible processes and outcomes in organizationally integrated ways or in easily decoupled fashion. This study focused on a particular type of socially responsible organizational process: formal corporate ethics programs. Theory suggests that external pressures for social performance encourag...
Article
The article presents a rebuttal to “Convergent Stakeholder Theory,” by T. M. Jones and A. C. Wicks. The authors explain their reasoning behind suggesting their own phrase to represent the more commonly used “stakeholder theory.” This alternative phrase was suggested because the word “theory” seems over-used to the authors and they feel that an alte...
Article
Previous research has identified multiple approaches to the design and implementation of corporate ethics programs (Paine, 1994; Weaver, Treviño, and Cochran, in press b; Treviño, Weaver, Gibson, and Toffler, in press). This field survey in a large financial services company investigated the relationships of the values and compliance orientations i...
Article
Our study asked why corporations introduce formal programs to manage ethics and why those programs display varying characteristics. We used control theory to delineate an ethics program's scope and its orientation toward compliance- and values-based control. Managerial choice theory suggests that environmental factors and management's ethical commi...
Article
This empirical study of Fortune 1000 firms assesses the degree to which those firms have adopted various practices associated with corporate ethics programs. The study examines the following aspects of formalized corporate ethics activity: ethics-oriented policy statements; formalization of management responsibilities for ethics; free-standing ethi...
Article
This overview of the state of ethics in competitive intelligence practice is based on interviews the authors conducted with a diverse group of CI professionals. They found that while some organizations are addressing CI ethics quite seriously, most CI practitioners feel left on their own, relying on personal background and intuition to make tough e...
Article
Moral awareness, when a person realizes that his/her response to a given issue could affect the interests, welfare, or expectations of the self or others, represents a crucial, yet understudied topic that has important organizational implications. This paper offers an empirical analysis of individual and contextual influences on moral awareness.
Article
Prior research on ethics codes has suggested, but rarely tested, the effects of code design alternatives on the impact of codes. This study considers whether the presence of explanatory rationales and descriptions of sanctions in ethics codes affects recipients'' responses to a code. Theories of organizational justice and persuasive communication s...
Article
Although some organizational scholars invoke the alleged incommensurability of metatheoretical paradigms in order to legitimize a plurality of approaches to the field, others have called for cross- or multi-paradigm inquiry into organizations while yet maintaining the essential incommensurability of paradigms. As long as the incommensurability thes...
Article
This paper delineates the normative and empirical approaches to business ethics based upon five categories: 1) academic home; 2) language; 3) underlying assumptions; 4) theory purpose and scope; 5) theory grounds and evaluation criteria. The goal of the discussion is to increase understanding of the distinctive contributions of each approach and to...
Article
This paper outlines three conceptions of the relationship between normative and empirical business ethics, views we refer to as parallel, symbiotic , and integrative . Parallelism rejects efforts to link normative and empirical inquiry, for both conceptual and practical reasons. The symbiotic position supports a practical relationship in which norm...

Citations

... Hence, in the context of these nations' evasion-friendly jurisdictions, large corporations and wealthy individuals might also avoid suffering moral compunction when shifting funds from one country to another. The existence of these jurisdictions offering financial secrecy allows moral disconnection and moral disengagement (Den Nieuwenboer & Weaver, 2019), thus generating the perception that the own tax avoidance behavior is legal and normal, something that does not violate moral values. To reduce these psychological evasion maneuvers, the state should formulate strict legal codes in order to clearly communicate expectations. ...
... An organization's response to CSR is closely associated with the top management team's commitment to it (Weaver et al., 1999). Corporate boards of directors, as the apex of the decision control system of an organization (Fama & Jensen, 1983), have a role to play in this regard. ...
... Given the current situation, businesses must incorporate environmental protection and social responsibility into their overall strategic development, necessitating the urgent development of corporate environmental ethics (Chang, 2009;Chen & Chang, 2013b;Tate & Bals, 2018). Engaging in ethically responsible environmental practices highlights the significance of proactive management in environmental protection, the driving force behind green innovation (Chang, 2011;Chen & Chang, 2013b;Weaver et al., 1999). In helping organizations improve their core competitiveness while simultaneously protecting the environment, green innovation strategies are beneficial on multiple levels (Chang, 2011;Chen et al., 2006;Porter & increase both their economic and environmental performance (Riva et al., 2021). ...
... Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA), as an instrument for data protection regulatory regime, has been developed for a long time before the wide scale use of the internet, big data, artificial intelligence and mobile technology 21 . The early development and implementation of PIA had been in countries such as North America, Canada, New Zealand and Australia 22,15 . The EU Data Protection Directive 95 did not directly foresee the use of PIA. ...
... Besides, as Brubaker and Haighm (2017) posits, SM users have been found to obtain spiritual and temporal benefits from faith-based content shared by others. Research, for example, Weaver and Stansbury (2014) and Al-Mosa (2015) though informs about religion to influence one's attitude and social values, however, it has not explored an indirect influence, such as the use of SM by religious scholars, and its influence on teachers' attitudes of opting it in online learning. The same in times of disasters and pandemic is rare. ...
... Similarly, both virtue and leadership are relational. Relationship and experience are central to the development of virtue (Weaver 2017). Moral character is composed of habituated virtues which are "intentionally and unintentionally taught, changed, or learned from others and the social environment" (Ciulla 2017, p. 948). ...
... Moral philosophers have not prescribed clear rules to resolve the trade-offs between economic prosperity and social justice, and between the rights the privileged and rights of the disadvantaged (Singer, 2000). By translating these debates in moral philosophy into empirical questions facing policy makers and managers, we hope to connect and synergize scholarships in normative and empirical approaches to business ethics (Donaldson & Dunfee, 1994;Trevino & Weaver, 1994). Second, we shed light on how people from different cultures (Turkey vs. U.S.) resolve ethical dilemmas due to their SDO. ...
... The evaluation of the behaviour of social actors and entities in terms of right or wrong are of central importance (see ). On the basis of a pluralistic methodology that is united in its acknowledgement of the " good argument " (Weaver/Trevino, 1998) it pursues an emancipatory research interest (see Habermas, 1986 ) that is concerned with the critical reflection of the social processes, structures and power relationships. Within leadership ethics especially " responsible leadership " (Maak/Pless, 2006a; Maak/Pless, 2006b; Patzer, 2009) but also " servant leadership " (Greenleaf, 1977) have post-positivist characteristics. ...
... That will include employees at all levels of the organization and it "needs to focus on the culture of the organization-its shared values and associated expectations" (ibid., p. 123). Research has also shown the value of specialized training on ethical leadership , training to help individuals with the language they use to describe situations (Butterfield et al. 2000), and to increase moral judgment through training which challenge individuals' thinking and creating cognitive conflict (Trevino 1986). By having employees who are able to engage in effective ethical or moral decision making, the objectives of the organization will be better met. ...
... These include, for example, an individual's self-regulatory resource depletion and organizational pressure to take non-ethical actions [7,8]. Having the moral motivation to resist ethical temptation can be a struggle [9], in which non-ethical impulses can override moral reflection [10], sometimes with disastrous consequences for individuals and organizations [3]. Organizational pressure can arise from conflicts between organizational practices, such as performance reporting and performance rewarding [11]. ...