Gary Clyde Hufbauer’s research while affiliated with Peter G. Peterson Institute for International Economics and other places

... The preambles of these three FTAs highlight that the parties are ''affirming their support for the participation of the Parties in the establishment of an expanded free trade area in the Middle East that would contribute to economic liberalization and development in the region''. The United States had similar designs in parlaying country-level FTAs in the Western hemisphere into a regional FTAA (Hufbauer and Kotschwar, 1998). Even the agreements with Singapore and Korea refer to the goal of enhancing regional integration in the Asia-Pacific region. ...

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Multilateralizing TRIPs‐Plus Agreements: Is the US Strategy a Failure?

... Another research area a researcher can focus on is Automated and Personalized Email Marketing (Shifhuddin, 2022). Like most other rms operating in the twenty-rst century, email marketing increasingly relies on machine learning and arti cial intelligence (Hufbauer & Jung, 2021). Technical improvements, both digital and analog, have helped pave the way for the development of marketing automation, which makes it possible to tailor communications to a speci c target audience depending on the information in that audience's pro le (Behera et al., 2021). ...

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Is AI and Chatbots-based Digital Marketing the Future? A Natural Language-based Explorative Study

... In the economic realm, weighted voting schemes gave the U.S. veto power over decisions of the IMF and the World Bank. When the Bretton Woods monetary order began to work against American interests in the early 1970s, the U.S. unilaterally changed the rules by abandoning the gold standard (Elliott and Hufbauer, 2002:379–382). The status of the dollar as a key reserve currency in the world monetary system provided the U.S. government with seignorage benefits as other countries held dollars in cash form without immediately trading them for goods and services or collecting interest. ...

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Understanding the Unilateralist Turn in U.S. Foreign Policy

... .The WTO has been likened to a mast to which -like Odysseus -governments can tie themselves to escape the siren-like calls of domestic interest groups and even, to some extent, of their voters'. 59 5. Comprehensive coverage-the domain of the regulatory system is coextensive with the domain of the problem The WTO rules are comprehensive in their coverage geographically as well as functionally. WTO obligations cover 153 Members 'comprising 93% of world trade, and 87% of world population'. ...

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Systemic Regulation of Global Trade and Finance: A Tale of Two Systems

... force in the cited texts-in and of itself-shows that the two categories were meant to be evaluated as, at the very least, comparable by the framers of the declarations. 29 The UN declarations on friendly relations and nonintervention were intended to be authoritative sources for the interpretation of the UN Charter and were quasi-unanimously adopted as such. 30 The case has been made for a narrow interpretation of Article 2(4) of the UN Charter, arising specifically from the declaration on friendly relations. ...

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Export Restrictions in the Field of Artificial Intelligence and Quantum Computing: Justification and Risks – The United States–China Rivalry from a European Union Perspective

... Con todo, el refuerzo del procedimiento amistoso y el avance del arbitraje han sido celebrados por los oponentes al proyecto BEPS como la única medida realmente válida, aunque la encuentren tibia (Hufbauer et al., 2015) 76 . ...

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El impuesto sobre sociedades en España y su engarce con el sistema de tributación internacional sobre los beneficios en el contexto de la globalización

... There have been no agreements among analysts. Nor is any WTO jurisprudence on the issue (Stiglitz, 2006;Bhagwati and Mavroidis, 2007;Hufbauer and Kim, 2009). However, free allocations do not seem to raise the hackles to the same extent as border adjustments to be discussed in Section 5 for at least two reasons. ...

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Land Competitiveness and Leakage Concerns and Border Carbon Adjustments

... Following the 2008 global financial crisis, a rise in anti-globalization sentiment saw the emergence of unilateralism and protectionism. On a global scale, multilateralism shifted towards regionalism, with regional bilateral and multilateral free trade agreements such as TPP, TTIP, and TISA emerging [39]. These regional trade agreements not only accelerated the adjustment and restructuring of global industrial chain layouts, but they also had a significant influence on global trade and investment rule standards. ...

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Can Institutional Openness Boost China’s Urban Economic Resilience? Evidence from Pilot Free Trade Zones

... At the multilateral level, the WTO also addresses investment, but in a more discrete manner. Further, the evidence of the intermingling of trade and investment flows now prompts growing reflection on what some characterise as an artificial separation between the trade and investment regimes (Hufbauer 2014). Proponents of this view argue that the incorporation of investment into trade agreements is not only justified but vital given the changing realities of economic activity (Hufbauer and Moran 2015;Quick 2015). ...

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The Future of the Global Trade and Investment Architecture: Pursuing Sustainable Development in the Global Economy-Overview of Issues, Challenges and Debates

... The competition law is one of many highly controversial laws. Even the World Trade Organization (WTO) has considered the law governing competition (and its application) reasonably controversial (Hufbauer & Kim, 2009). One of the reasons is the articles contained in it. ...

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The Unicorn Is a Myth No More: A Ratio Decidendi Analysis on First Official Predatory Pricing Case in Indonesia