Gana, C.S.’s scientific contributions

The study was carried out to examine the effects of Lesson study and Team teaching on students' achievement in Physics in selected secondary schools in Niger State. The study employed a quasi-experimental (pre-test post-test non-equivalent group design) and was guided by two research questions and two corresponding hypotheses. The population of the study comprised of 34,694 Senior Secondary School II Physics students (20,320 Male, 16,374 Female). 380 students (213 male, 167 Female) in the six purposively sampled science and technical colleges were used for the study. Data was collected from the sampled students using Physics Achievement Test for Students (PATS). The reliability coefficient for PATS was calculated using Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) and its value given as 0.77. To answer the research questions, mean and standard deviation were used. The corresponding hypotheses were tested using ANOVA at 0.05 decision level. The Tukey procedure was used to make pairwise comparisons of means where necessary. The results revealed that there was a statistically significant difference among the groups taught Physics using Lesson Study model, Team Teaching and Lecture method (F (2,377) = 8.708, p (0.000) < 0.05). A further analysis shows that significant difference exists between the group of students taught using Lesson Study model and those taught using Lecture method (p = 0.000). Another significant difference was also found between the group of students taught using Team Teaching and those taught using Lecture method. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the students taught using Lesson Study and those taught using Team Teaching The male and female in the experimental groups performed better than male and female in the control group F(5,374)=4.517, p (0.001) < 0.05. From the study, it was recommended that Physics teachers should implement Lesson Study for active participation of students towards enhancing students' achievement in Physics.

The study was carried out to examine the effects of Lesson study and Team teaching on students’ achievement in Physics in selected secondary schools in Niger State. The study employed a quasi-experimental (pre-test post-test non-equivalent group design) and was guided by two research questions and two corresponding hypotheses. The population of the study comprised of 34,694 Senior Secondary School II Physics students (20,320 Male, 16,374 Female). 380 students (213 male, 167 Female) in the six purposively sampled science and technical colleges were used for the study. Data was collected from the sampled students using Physics Achievement Test for Students (PATS). The reliability coefficient for PATS was calculated using Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) and its value given as 0.77. To answer the research questions, mean and standard deviation were used. The corresponding hypotheses were tested using ANOVA at 0.05 decision level. The Tukey procedure was used to make pairwise comparisons of means where necessary. The results revealed that there was a statistically significant difference among the groups taught Physics using Lesson Study model, Team Teaching and Lecture method (F (2,377) = 8.708, p (0.000) < 0.05). A further analysis shows that significant difference exists between the group of students taught using Lesson Study model and those taught using Lecture method (p = 0.000). Another significant difference was also found between the group of students taught using Team Teaching and those taught using Lecture method. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the students taught using Lesson Study and those taught using Team Teaching The male and female in the experimental groups performed better than male and female in the control group F(5,374)=4.517, p (0.001) < 0.05. From the study, it was recommended that Physics teachers should implement Lesson Study for active participation of students towards enhancing students’ achievement in Physics.

Every year, thousands of people worldwide lose their lives to ailments that can be traced to environmental pollution arising principally from the release of toxic effluents into the atmosphere and surrounding ecosystems. This study was undertaken in order that the prevalence of gases that harmful or injurious to human health in some parts of Kontagora town could be determined. Sheets 11, 13, and 21 of the Kontagora cadastral map were earmarked for survey. On each of these sheets, neighbourhoods and point locations that were prone to air pollution from stationary sources were identified; the GPS-referenced signature of each of the point source was recorded. The gas meters were employed to determine three different readings of the various gases of interest at each of those GPS-referenced points. The result of Sheet 11 agrees with the general trends and patterns of air pollution from fuel burning sources. The high amount of H2S released by the diesel generator is most likely due to the high sulphur content of diesel fuel and most of the emissions from the diesel generator and the firewood hearth exceed the safe threshold. The comparative high amount of the CO gas released by the majority of the sources is expected because combustion in all cases involves burning of carbon compounds (hydrocarbon for the liquid fuels and cellulose for the wood fuel). The overwhelmingly dominance of the SO2 gas from the petrol generator and the CO gas from the firewood hearths (of Sheet 13) must be due to high sulphur content in the former and of course the innate matter of the latter. On Sheet 21 the noxious gases posing greater risk to health from the diesel generators (with respect to the threshold) are the SO2, CO, HCN, NO2, and H2S gases, from the petrol generators these are the SO2, Cl2, and HCN gases. From the firewood hearth the noxipus gases occurring in greater than acceptable amounts are the CO, Cl2, HCN, NO2, NH3, and H2S, and for the vulcaniser's pump these are the SO2, CO, Cl2, and the NH3 gases.

Every year, tens of thousands of people worldwide lose their lives to ailments that can be traced to environmental pollution arising principally from the release of toxic effluents into the atmosphere and surrounding ecosystems. Also, it has now been recognized that noise pollution pose a serious threat to the quality of life enjoyed by the general populace. It is with these facts in mind that this project work was undertaken in order that a veritable document on environmental pollution indices of the major towns of Niger State would be produced. The core objective of this project work is the production of a reference document (a sort of "environmental atlas" or "environmental map") for the different precincts or wards of the different towns surveyed; this final document highlights the various environmental pollution indices for the areas surveyed. GPS-referenced dataset for noise levels and gas concentrations were collected from Minna and Suleja. This dataset was analysed and the results show that noise pollution is prevalent in the areas surveyed; the same can also be said for gaseous pollution.

The trends towards urbanization in Nigeria mean that it becomes of academic interest to quantify and describe the levels and prevalence of urban noise pollution. In this 'study, noise level signatures over portions of Bida town were measured and the results have been duly presented. The core objective of this study is to quantify the levels of noise at strategic locations in Bida town in relation to the internationally recognised tolerable level of 70dB so that a pattern of noise pollution in these areas could be established. A couple cadastral sheets from the map of Bida town were considered for this survey, and measurements were taken from over one hundred stations of interest on the ground. Thirty-four GPS points were surveyed for noise level values for each of the cadastral maps whence it was noticed that nearly all of these points suffer from high ambient amount of noise pollution at peak activity periods. In each case, the loudest contributor to environmental noise pollution was the electric milling machine. The noise level corresponding to the electric milling machine was found to be 97.06 dBA in Sheets 14 and 22; in Sheet 16 the noise level was peaked at 102.2 dBA. All of the principal sources of noise in the three sheets considered for investigation can be appropriately termed "noisy".

The method of simple regression analysis was employed to test for the correlation at the various depths of investigation between AB/2 and resistivity for the geoelectrical data collected from six VES points (i.e. A1-A6). The VES dataset had been interpreted in the usual manner to obtain information about number of layers, their thicknesses, and depth to basement along the profile on which soundings were carried out. Having applied the method of regression analysis to for (i) maximum AB/2 = 100m, (ii) maximum AB/2=40m, it was found that the values of the standard error of estimates are within tolerable limits for VES points A1, A2, A3, and A4 (i.e. about 67% correlation). Thus it was recommended that between VES points A1 and A6, intermediate VES points (say 50m spacing) could be sounded with savings in time and cost. Now, instead of fourteen sounding sequences that are concerned with depth to basement, just the first six sequences could be sounded and the remaining dataset can be extrapolated to AB/2 = 40m.

The trends towards urbanization in Nigeria mean that it becomes of academic interest to quantify and describe the levels and prevalence of urban noise pollution. In this study, noise level signatures over portions of Bida town were measured and the results have been duly presented. The core objective of this study is to quantify the levels of noise at strategic locations in Bida town in relation to the internationally-recognised tolerable level of 70dB so that a pattern of noise pollution in these areas could be established. A couple cadastral sheets from the map of Bida town were considered for this survey, and measurements were taken from over one hundred stations of interest on the ground. Thirty-four GPS points were surveyed for noise level values for each of the cadastral maps whence it was noticed that nearly all of these points suffer from high ambient amount of noise pollution at peak activity periods. In each case, the loudest contributor to environmental noise pollution was the electric milling machine. The noise level corresponding to the electric milling machine was found to be 97.06 dBA in Sheets 14 and 22; in Sheet 16 the noise level was peaked at 102.2 dBA. All of the principal sources of noise in the three sheets considered for investigation can be appropriately termed "noisy". It is recommended that, in the nearest future, a more detailed survey over longer exposure periods spread across several days should be conducted for Bida in order to define a broader noise signature picture for the town.

A 1km x 1/2 km grid geoelectrical resistivity survey using the Schlumberger (i.e. sounding) mode was conducted in the swath of land between the Staff Quarters and the temporary Administration/Hostel blocks stretching to just the edge of the new School of Engineering and Engineering Technology (S.E.E.T.) complex. The purpose of the survey was to primarily determine electrically the horizons or formations, of their thickness, including relative positions and depths under the surface. Sixty-six VES stations were occupied, and the data collected were reduced and subjected to n-layer model analysis by Zohdy technique. The results of this analysis are presented as curves of different resistivity versus depth. From the digitized curves, iso-resistivity maps at different depth, and geoelectric vertical section of each profile were obtained. The results show that VES points B2, C4, E2, G3, I4, J3, J6, K3, and K6 are the points identified as suitable for drilling boreholes for the purpose of water exploitation.