Gaetano Giudice's research while affiliated with National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology and other places

... Intense earthquake swarms and changes in ground deformation patterns indicated the intrusion of a NE-SW-trending vertical segmented dyke with sustained magma inflow (Sigmundsson et al., 2022). On 19 March 2021, a fissure eruption began as an effusive outpouring of basaltic lava from closely-spaced vents (Bindeman et al., 2022;Halldórsson et al., 2022). After about a month of activity, five additional vents opened along a 1 km-long segment extending to the northeast (Bindeman et al., 2022;Pedersen et al., 2022). ...

... The eruption of Christmas 2018 was preceded by mild eruptive activity with small lava flows [18][19][20][21]. Then, in the morning of 24th December, the eruptive activity strengthened and a large breach occurred on the south-east flank of the volcano. ...

... The MMVF has been described by Wörner and Viereck (1987), Wörner and Viereck (1990), , Wörner and Orsi (1990), and Giordano et al. (2012) and is summarized here. The petrology is described by Armienti et al. (1991), Wörner and Viereck (1990), Beccaluva et al. (1991), Lee et al. (2015), and Gambino et al. (2021). Compositionally, the MMVF is a Na-alkaline series, ranging from tephrite/basanite/alkali basalt to trachyte ( Figure 2). ...

... A good compilation can be found in [16]. Such studies include development of flight platforms [17,18], use of positioning systems (e.g., GNSS integration [19], RTK [20]), use and development of various sensors (LIDAR [21], multispectral [22], hyperspectral [23], thermal cameras [24,25]), use of different types of radar [26], monitoring volcanic gas emissions [27], monitoring fauna [28,29], and many more. ...

... Hence, the technique further provides an edge to the Least Developed Countries (LDCs) or non-Annex 1 countries plying REDD+, i.e. Malawi, where finances pose a great constraint, yet they must provide robust estimates to meet the Measuring Reporting and Verification standard [28], [29] During data acquisition, flight safety, stability and efficiency for UAVs, particularly in hilly and mountainous terrain beyond visual line of sights (BVLOS) are of paramount importance [30,31]. These may be compromised by wind and turbulence, consequently affecting the quality of data acquired by the sensor aboard the imaging craft (ibid). ...

... Therefore, if increasing gas-phase S remobilization during magmatic-gas driven heating of the Fig. 3 Mapping the chemical diversity of the La Fossa fumarolic field. The map shows the spatial heterogeneity of the fumarolic CO 2 /SO 2 ratio in the fumarolic field, and is obtained by post-processing the results of the 16-18 November 2021 Multi-GAS walking traverses using the methodology of ref. 100 . This processing routine allows resolving the spatial heterogeneity of the fumarolic field with high temporal/spatial resolution, and is thus complementary to the standard protocol used to derive the ratios listed in Supplementary Table 2 (in which all data acquired nearby any single fumarole are jointly analysed). ...

... Geophysical evidence suggests that the feeding system beneath Turrialba volcano is made up of two magma reservoirs. Conde et al. (2014) deduced two levels of magma storage from the clustering of localised seismic events, one probably at 4-6 km depth and the shallow one at roughly 1 km below the summit. de Moor et al. (2016); Müller (2018) and Badilla and Taylor (2019) proposed a mid-crust reservoir located in the range between 5-10 km, which is located beneath Irazú volcano according to Lücke et al. (2010) and Müller (2018). ...

... Bakkar (2017) Gases volcánicos y desgasificación difusa Tassi et al. (2005), Aiuppa et al. (2014), Bakkar (2017), Battaglia et al. (2019) Geoquímica acuosa Kempter (1997), ICE (1991), Kempter y Rowe (2000), Zimmer (2002), Zimmer et al. (2004), Tassi et al. (2005Tassi et al. ( , 2009, Sáenz (2020) Petrografía, petrología, geoquímica de rocas y minerales Tournon (1984), Alvarado (1985), Carr et al. (1986), Kempter (1997), Funaioli y Rossi (1991), Malavassi (1991), Chiesa et al. (1994), Soto et al. (2003a, b), Schindlbeck et al. (2016a, b), Tefroestratigrafía Soto et al. (2003a, b), Schindlbeck et al. (2016a, b), Aguilar y Alvarado (2020) Dispersión de cenizas Campos (1997), Alpízar (2018), ...

... Volcanoes are natural sources of several air pollutants, including reactive gases (e.g., SO 2 ) and GHGs (e.g., CO 2 ). Drone-assisted monitoring of volcanic plumes provides an interesting option for well-established ground-based measurements, as they can transport gas detectors or samplers directly into the plume, and thus, eliminate the risk to humans [78,[128][129][130][131]. For example, the authors of [128] developed a multi-gas system composed of an amperometric sensor for SO 2 and NDIR detector for CO 2 monitoring. ...

... Applications include runoff laboratory trials (Morgan et al., 2017), applied geology (Niethammer et al., 2012;Russell, 2016;Saito et al., 2018), geomorphology (Bemis et al., 2014;Javernick et al., 2014;Snapir et al., 2014;Dietrich, 2014;Smith and Vericat, 2015;Bakker and Lane, 2015;Dietrich, 2016a, b;Mercer and Westbrook, 2016;Pearson et al., 2017;Prosdocimi et al., 2017;Marteau et al., 2016;Balaguer-Puig et al., 2017;Vinci et al., 2017;Heindel et al., 2018;Seitz et al., 2018), glaciology (Immerzeel et al., 2017;Piermattei et al., 2016), coastal morphology (James and Robson, 2012;Casella et al., 2016;Brunier et al., 2016), volcanology (James and Robson, 2012;Bretar et al., 2013;Müller et al., 2017;Giordan et al., 2017Giordan et al., , 2018Carr et al., 2018;Favalli et al., 2018;Witt et al., 2018;Andaru and Rau, 2019;Bonali et al., 2019;De Beni et al., 2019) and geophysics (Amici et al., 2013a; Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 2882 F. Brighenti et al.: UAV survey method to monitor and analyze geological hazards et al., 2016;Di Felice et al., 2018;Zahorec et al., 2018;Federico et al., 2019). SfM is commonly used in the cultural heritage field for 3D reconstruction (Sapirstein, 2016(Sapirstein, , 2018Sapirstein and Murray, 2017;Jalandoni et al., 2018). ...