Gabriela Eichbauer-Sturm’s scientific contributions

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Publications (10)


Ernährungstherapie bei entzündlich-rheumatischen Erkrankungen
  • Chapter

December 2024

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1 Read

Gabriela Eichbauer-Sturm


A Data preparation. Data were selected based on number of t2t courses. Variables were selected if the missing rate did not exceed 33%. B Machine learning pipeline: Data was labeled, depending on the outcome of the therapy course. Iterative imputation was applied, on the hold-out-set (test-set) and on the training set. Sampling strategies were applied, and the AUC (area under the curve) was collected for each model configuration. The final, re-trained model was explained via applying SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations)
Area under the receiver operating characteristics for fivefold cross-validation
SHAP summary plots/impact of variables on model outcome. Variables are sorted in descending order of impact. Positive SHAP values indicate an effect in the direction of higher risk of ineffectiveness. Correspondingly, negative values indicate an effect of the factor in the direction of a lower risk for ineffectiveness. High values for the variables (features) are encoded in red; correspondingly low values are encoded in blue
P-values grouped by drug. Factors with p < 0.05 and red color-code were associated with higher risk of non-response significantly. Only one factor (dosage) with p < 0.05 was associated with lower risk of non-response significantly. Dosage was normalized to mg/kg/day or mg/day depending on the medication
Prediction of ineffectiveness of biological drugs using machine learning and explainable AI methods: data from the Austrian Biological Registry BioReg
  • Article
  • Full-text available

February 2024

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115 Reads

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2 Citations

Arthritis Research & Therapy

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Objectives Machine learning models can support an individualized approach in the choice of bDMARDs. We developed prediction models for 5 different bDMARDs using machine learning methods based on patient data derived from the Austrian Biologics Registry (BioReg). Methods Data from 1397 patients and 19 variables with at least 100 treat-to-target (t2t) courses per drug were derived from the BioReg biologics registry. Different machine learning algorithms were trained to predict the risk of ineffectiveness for each bDMARD within the first 26 weeks. Cross-validation and hyperparameter optimization were applied to generate the best models. Model quality was assessed by area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC). Using explainable AI (XAI), risk-reducing and risk-increasing factors were extracted. Results The best models per drug achieved an AUROC score of the following: abatacept, 0.66 (95% CI, 0.54–0.78); adalimumab, 0.70 (95% CI, 0.68–0.74); certolizumab, 0.84 (95% CI, 0.79–0.89); etanercept, 0.68 (95% CI, 0.55–0.87); tocilizumab, 0.72 (95% CI, 0.69–0.77). The most risk-increasing variables were visual analytic scores (VAS) for abatacept and etanercept and co-therapy with glucocorticoids for adalimumab. Dosage was the most important variable for certolizumab and associated with a lower risk of non-response. Some variables, such as gender and rheumatoid factor (RF), showed opposite impacts depending on the bDMARD. Conclusion Ineffectiveness of biological drugs could be predicted with promising accuracy. Interestingly, individual parameters were found to be associated with drug responses in different directions, indicating highly complex interactions. Machine learning can be of help in the decision-process by disentangling these relations.

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Rheuma trifft RehabilitationRheumatism Meets Rehabilitation

December 2022

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4 Reads

rheuma plus

Chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases progress in relapses and, despite good drug therapies, often lead to joint destruction with loss of function, loss of the ability to work, and a reduced quality of life. Rheumatological rehabilitation is an important component in the treatment of these diseases. Specific training and physical activity are the main focus. Fatigue, pain, depression, or disease activity require adjustment of therapy, but are not contraindications. Many patients with rheumatoid arthritis or spondyloarthritis suffer from severe pain, even when the disease seems well controlled. In these cases, thermotherapy, which has antiphlogistic and analgesic effects, can reduce pain. Patients whose disease activity is well controlled before rehabilitation have a significantly better outcome than those with increased disease activity. In Austria, inpatient and outpatient rehabilitation programs are available. Advantages of inpatient rehabilitation are medical care and assistance by nursing staff as well as the avoidance of stressful everyday situations. Outpatient rehabilitation is particularly suitable for those patients who are unable to undergo inpatient rehabilitation for professional and social reasons, e.g., childcare, care of relatives. Ergotherapy is an important part of the therapy of osteoarthritis of the hands. The aim is to maintain joint function by providing detailed information on measures to protect the joints, instruction in physical activity, and the use of ergonomic equipment.


Levels of evidence according to the Oxford Cen- ter for Evidence-based Medicine
2022 update of the Austrian Society of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation nutrition and lifestyle recommendations for patients with gout and hyperuricemia

July 2022

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163 Reads

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8 Citations

Wiener klinische Wochenschrift

Background Gout is the most frequent inflammatory joint disease in the western world and has a proven genetic background. Additionally, lifestyle factors like increasing life span and wealth, sufficient to excess nutritional status and a growing prevalence of obesity in the population, as well as e.g. alcohol consumption contribute to the rising incidence of hyperuricemia and gout. Apart from an adequate medication, medical advice on nutrition and lifestyle is an essential part of the management of gout patients, being at high risk of internal comorbidities. Objective In 2015, the ÖGR (Österreichische Gesellschaft für Rheumatologie und Rehabilitation) working group for osteoarthritis and crystal arthropathies already published nutrition and lifestyle recommendations for patients with gout and hyperuricemia. Since then, a multitude of literature has been published addressing this topic, what required an update. Methods First, the authors performed a hierarchical literature search to screen the meanwhile published literature. Also considering references of the first publication, the relevant literature was selected, and the 2015 recommendations were either kept as published, reformulated or newly produced. Finally, the evidence level and the level of agreement with each recommendation were added. Results Following this process, ten recommendations were generated instead of the initial nine. Like in the original publication, a colored icon presentation was provided to complement the written text. Conclusion The Austrian nutrition and lifestyle recommendations for patients with gout and hyperuricemia were updated incorporating the most recent relevant literature, serving as education material for patients and updated information for physicians.



Der Rheumatologe als Gutachter

March 2017

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133 Reads

Entzündlich-rheumatische Erkrankungen sind ein häufiger Grund für Invaliditäts- und Berufsunfähigkeitspension. Der rheumatologische Sachverständige unterstützt den Richter durch seine Expertise. Seine Aufgaben sind es, Gesundheitsschäden festzustellen, die Auswirkung der Krankheit auf die verschiedenen Bereiche des Lebens zu evaluieren und eine Einschätzung der Arbeitsfähigkeit vorzunehmen. Zu den am häufigsten zu beurteilenden Krankheitsbildern zählen die rheumatoide Arthritis, die Spondyloarthritiden und das Fibromyalgiesyndrom.


Erratum to: Validity of data collected in BIOREG, the Austrian register for biological treatment in rheumatology: current practice of bDMARD therapy in rheumatoid arthritis in Austria

October 2016

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25 Reads

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1 Citation

The purpose of the present study was to check the validity of data collected in BIOREG, the Austrian register for biological treatment in rheumatology, and to elucidate eventual differences with respect to disease activity (DA) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on established biological DMARDs (bDMARDs) before inclusion into the register (EST) and beginners at the time point of inclusion (NEW) after 1 year of treatment. RA patients with a complete follow-up of 1 year in BIOREG were divided into EST and NEW and compared with respect to DA, remission rates, concomitant synthetic DMARDs (csDMARDs) and glucocorticoid therapy (GC) at baseline and after 1-year follow-up. Safety concerns are listed. Descriptive statistics are applied. For 346 RA patients (284 EST, 62 NEW) out of 970 RA patients included into BIOREG, a full data set for a 1-year follow-up was available. No differences in DA were observed after 1 year as expressed by DAS28 or RADAI-5, and small differences as expressed by remission rates according to DAS28, RADAI-5 or Boolean criteria (namely approximately 1/2, 1/3 to 1/4 and 1/4 to 1/5 of the patients respectively). Sixty-four adverse events (AEs) were noted in 56 (20 %) of EST and 20 in 19 (31 %) of NEW patients. Malignancy occurred in four patients. After 1 year, 48 % of EST patients but only 16 % of NEW patients were on bDMARD monotherapy. Regarding DA, the date collected in BIOREG appeared to be valid. After 1 year of bDMARD therapy, all patients, whether EST or NEW, achieved a similar level of DA. AEs occurred more frequently during the early phase of bDMARD treatment. Austrian rheumatologists initiate bDMARD therapy in patients with lower disease levels than in other European countries, leading to high remission rates.


Validity of data collected in BIOREG, the Austrian register for biological treatment in rheumatology: Current practice of bDMARD therapy in rheumatoid arthritis in Austria

August 2016

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149 Reads

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10 Citations

Background The purpose of the present study was to check the validity of data collected in BIOREG, the Austrian register for biological treatment in rheumatology, and to elucidate eventual differences with respect to disease activity (DA) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on established biological DMARDs (bDMARDs) before inclusion into the register (EST) and beginners at the time point of inclusion (NEW) after 1 year of treatment. MethodsRA patients with a complete follow-up of 1 year in BIOREG were divided into EST and NEW and compared with respect to DA, remission rates, concomitant synthetic DMARDs (csDMARDs) and glucocorticoid therapy (GC) at baseline and after 1-year follow-up. Safety concerns are listed. Descriptive statistics are applied. ResultsFor 346 RA patients (284 EST, 62 NEW) out of 970 RA patients included into BIOREG, a full data set for a 1-year follow-up was available. No differences in DA were observed after 1 year as expressed by DAS28 or RADAI-5, and small differences as expressed by remission rates according to DAS28, RADAI-5 or Boolean criteria (namely approximately 1/2, 1/3 to 1/4 and 1/4 to 1/5 of the patients respectively). Sixty-four adverse events (AEs) were noted in 56 (20 %) of EST and 20 in 19 (31 %) of NEW patients. Malignancy occurred in four patients. After 1 year, 48 % of EST patients but only 16 % of NEW patients were on bDMARD monotherapy. Conclusion Regarding DA, the date collected in BIOREG appeared to be valid. After 1 year of bDMARD therapy, all patients, whether EST or NEW, achieved a similar level of DA. AEs occurred more frequently during the early phase of bDMARD treatment. Austrian rheumatologists initiate bDMARD therapy in patients with lower disease levels than in other European countries, leading to high remission rates.


Der Rheumatologe als Gutachter

January 2012

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6 Reads

Zur Beurteilung komplizierter Sachverhalte reichen die Kenntnisse und Erfahrungen des Richters oft nicht aus. Diese Lücken schließt der Sachverständige. Erweist es sich in einem Verfahren als notwendig, einen Experten aus einem Fachgebiet heranzuziehen, hat das Gericht auf Antrag oder von Amtswegen einen Sachverständigen zu bestellen.

Citations (3)


... This can lead to improved model performance, especially in the context of highly imbalanced datasets, where traditional classifiers may bias towards the majority class. The effectiveness of SMOTE in addressing class imbalance has been welldocumented in previous studies [39,41]. ...

Reference:

XGBoost-SHAP-based interpretable diagnostic framework for knee osteoarthritis: a population-based retrospective cohort study
Prediction of ineffectiveness of biological drugs using machine learning and explainable AI methods: data from the Austrian Biological Registry BioReg

Arthritis Research & Therapy

... Вступ. Одним із основних ендогенних факторів, які беруть участь у ґенезі кристалурії, є нейрогенні захворювання сечових шляхів [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Нейрогенні розлади сечовипускання -це один з урологічних синдромів, зумовлений порушенням іннервації сечового міхура. ...

2022 update of the Austrian Society of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation nutrition and lifestyle recommendations for patients with gout and hyperuricemia

Wiener klinische Wochenschrift

... Patient data were obtained from the Austrian Registry for Biologicals, Biosimilars, and targeted synthetic DMARDs in the treatment of inflammatory rheumatic disease-BioReg, which was established in 2010 for the purpose of monitoring those drugs' safety and efficacy. The registry includes patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and spondylarthritis [15]. ...

Validity of data collected in BIOREG, the Austrian register for biological treatment in rheumatology: Current practice of bDMARD therapy in rheumatoid arthritis in Austria