G. Cleveland Wilhoit’s research while affiliated with Indiana University Bloomington and other places

... The body of conceptions for the theoretical and empirical understanding of roles is enormous and has occupied mass communication research in general and journalism studies in particular for many decades (Cohen, 1963;Janowitz, 1975;Johnstone et al., 1976;Weaver & Wilhoit, 1986, 1996. Usually, roles are defined as the ideas and ideals that media professionals such as journalists associate with their work (Hanitzsch & Laurer, 2019, p. 135). ...

Reference:

All ears on? A Survey on Podcasters' Profiles, Practices and Self-Perceptions

... Other sources of data likely used for LLMs' training are news media articles and academic papers. Research has shown that in the U.S., the U.K., and many other Western nations, there are more left-leaning than right-leaning journalists [19], [20], [21]. Similarly, academics also tend to lean, on average, left-of-center [22], [23], [24]. ...

Reference:

Measuring Political Preferences in AI Systems: An Integrative Approach

... Eagan et al. 2014), law firms (Bonica et al. 2015), and journalism (e.g. Hassell et al. 2023;Willnat et al. 2019) where those professing adherence to contemporary "progressive" values tend to 6 vastly outnumber their ideological rivals. This perceived capture by ideological monocultures of institutions that control access to the means of intellectual production provides some of the fertile ground in which conspiratorial beliefs about the intentions of political, economic, and cultural elites that run toward the political right can flourish. ...

Reference:

Conspiracists at Rush Hour: The Extraordinary Nature of the Far-Right's Algorithmic Creep into Ordinary Democratic Spaces