Fred J. Evans's research while affiliated with De Montfort University and other places

... These compounds are highly oxygenated and rearranged than triterpenoids, having such a broad structural diversity including additional hydroxyl, ketone, ester, ring-opening, and formation of furan or lactone groups in the side chain [63]. The Meliaceae family is known to be the source of a large number of limonoids including genus Munronia [64]. ...

... However, no food was given 24 h before and during 6 h of diuretic study, and during collecting 24 h urine samples. [20]. Research Council (1996) and all efforts were made to minimize suffering for animals used in this research. ...

... Diterpene esters such as tigliane, ingenane, daphnane and jatrophane-types were found to be potent and selective inhibitors of CHIKV replication7891011. In particular, tigliane-type diterpenes, such as TPA (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate) and phorbol 12,13-didecanoate were found to display potent anti-CHIKV activity [11], but are also known to display strong tumor-promoting and pro-inflammatory activities121314 by their ability to modulate PKC (protein kinases isoenzymes) [15]. In order to develop a dereplication method, a targeted high performance liquid chromatography coupled to multiple stage mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS n ) method was developed and applied for the screening of twenty-nine reference standards of diterpene esters in Euphorbia extracts displaying anti-CHIKV activity [6,11]. ...

... Both cause erythema in mouse ear, aggregation of platelets in-vitro, and activation of protein kinase C (PKC). The K, for PKC activation is reported to be 28 nM for sapintoxin D (Morrice et al 1986) and 8 nM for TPA (Horowitz et a1 1981), which suggests that sapintoxin D should be a strong tumour promoter. We now report that sapintoxin D is a weak tumour promoter when compared with TPA in the Sencar mouse 2-stage skin tumorigenesis model. ...

... However, extracts from the frozen latex of Sapium indicum induced severe inflammation at 5pg/ear. Taylor reported the isolation of unstable irritant 4-deoxyphorbol aldehyde derivatives from the latter species (Taylor et al 1981) as well as 4-deoxy-5hydroxyphorbol derivatives, irritant at O.Olpg/ear (Evans et al 1981a). Two years later, several irritant phorbol derivatives were isolated from Sapium insigne . ...

... Two 4-deoxyphorbol esters (177 and 178) bearing an aldehyde group instead of ethoxy group at C-6 were isolated from Sapium indicum. 38,97,98 The structures of all of the known 4-deoxyphorbol and 4deoxy(4α)phorbol esters are listed in Table 4. 63,116 To date, there have been no reports in the literature focused on investigating the pharmacological potential of 4,12-dideoxyphorbol esters. ...

... The bicyclo [5.3.0]decane (hydroazulene system) is a nucleus present in a great variety of natural products such as the guaiane and pseudoguaiane sesquiterpenoids [21] and the guaiane , ingenane [52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67], daphnane [68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86], and asebotoxin [87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95] diterpenoids ( Figure 5). Due to the chemical, biogenetical, and pharmacological interests that these classes of substances present, the literature reports a vast number of published works, with prominence for the reviews on sesquiterpenoids [21] and diterpenoids [96][97][98][99][100][101]. ...