Françoise Gourmelon's research while affiliated with French National Centre for Scientific Research and other places
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Publications (162)
Research in Ecology and environmental sciences is rapidly becoming a source of applications and innovations, with increasing diversity. These innovations concern a large range of fields, from blue biotechnology to socioecosystem management. The aim of the present review is to explore this diversity by describing some of the most recent studies in E...
Marine spatial planning (MSP) is becoming established on a global scale in a context of rapid change. It was first introduced as a national strategy before being used as a basis for producing regional MSP documents with a strong strategic quality and ultimately enabling the coordination of tools and efforts at a local level. Based on this logic, we...
In the marine environment, positive law generates multiple zones and regulatory limits that overlap in space, justifying a cartographic representation as a relevant approach to promote understanding (synthetic vision), analysis (highlighting legal anomalies, inconsistencies and redundancies), dissemination and communication to different audiences (...
Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP) has become of key interest in many countries around the world in the last decade, leading to an increased need to inform the historical spatial and temporal footprint of maritime activities. If this knowledge was still recently considered a blind spot, recent developments of maritime surveillance systems (e.g. AIS, V...
Dans le cadre des enjeux de suivi et de gestion du trait de côte, le besoin d’informations et de connaissances sur le milieu côtier accessibles sur le Web est décrit comme un enjeu majeur. Néanmoins sur cette thématique, la stratégie des promoteurs de dispositifs mettant à disposition de l’information géographique numérique reste encore peu connue....
L’extension des usages de l’information géographique génère une profusion de données qui circulent sur de multiples plateformes Web. Accompagner le suivi du contenu de ces plateformes relève aujourd’hui de la gageure tant elles s’apparentent à des boîtes noires informationnelles et algorithmiques soumises à de fortes dynamiques. Le concept d’observ...
This is by no means a new idea, yet the current number and variety of citizen science initiatives attest of the growing opportunities for public participation in the enrichment and circulation of naturalist knowledge. In an increasingly complex context involving scientific, technological, social and political factors, this article aims to analyze t...
Although the importance of Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP) as a concept is know acknowledged and the legal framework is in place, the task of applying it remains a delicate one. One of the keys to success is having pertinent data. Knowing how maritime uses unfold in a spatio-temporal context, and what conflicting or synergistic interactions exist b...
The original publication is available at www.alr-journal.org (copyright EDP Sciences).
High resolution estimates of bottom towed fishing gears are needed to provide relevant
information for natural resource management, impact assessment and maritime spatial planning. The use
of satellite-based vessel monitoring system (VMS) data is constrained by...
Mapping of vegetation using remote sensing: results of feasibility study on northwest of France The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential of aerial and satellite imagery of high spatial resolution for large scale vegetation mapping on Brittany, Normandy and Pays de la Loire regions. To that end, diff erent types of remote sensing images we...
Nous mobilisons ici l’expérience d’un projet de recherche en cours pour analyser la façon dont les nouveaux terrains d’expérimentations sur le web, modifient les conditions de la pratique scientifique, des objets aux méthodes, de l’open data à l’open science. La massification des données géographiques disponibles sur le web reconfigure les dynamiqu...
Laws and bylaws are regularly challenged for their effectiveness in containing urbanisation sprawl and, conversely, for the constraints they put on development projects. From a French case study, we used survival analysis to disentangle a complex mix of influences on the distribution of residential construction over a 42-year observation period at...
Since the appearance of Spatial Data Infrastructure several years ago, there has been a tremendous increase in spatial data available on the Internet. This situation raises several research issues, in terms of identifying the content actually accessible via this medium and its impact on governance and local authority management. Our study proposes...
The continuous development of Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDI) provides a favourable context for environmental management and planning. However, it appears that the actual contribution of SDIs should also depend on the correlation between users’ expectations and the services delivered to them. Several studies have addressed some organizational, m...
Le développement des Technologies de l'Information Géographique entraine la multiplication des ressources informationnelles géolocalisées et de leurs échanges via le Web. A travers une analyse complémentaire menée à l'échelle nationale et locale, cette communication propose d'analyser la contribution de ces ressources informationnelles aux processu...
The conservation of biodiversity today must include the participation and support of local stakeholders. Natura 2000 can be considered as a conservation system that, in its application in most EU countries, relies on the participation of local stakeholders. Our study proposes a scientific method for participatory modelling, with the aim of contribu...
RESUME. Cet article vise à interroger les usages des représentations spatiales dans les projets de Gestion Intégrée des Zones Côtières afin de comprendre comment elles participent à leur organisation et à leur mise en oeuvre. Une méthodologie qualitative a été élaborée pour observer les représentations spatiales en situation d'usage et pour compren...
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the potential of aerial and satellite imageries of high spatial resolution for large scale vegetation mapping on Brittany, Normandy and Pays de la Loire regions at 1/25 000. Different types of images (BDORTHO® IRC, SPOT5, Worldview 2) were acquired for four sites which represent vegetation diversity in the N...
Les Infrastructures de donnees geographiques (IDG) ont ete mises en place depuis une vingtaine d’annees afin notamment de contribuer aux politiques publiques environnementales en facilitant le partage et l’acces aux informations geographiques. Cet article s’interesse specifiquement aux IDG francaises et a leur apport a la Gestion integree des zones...
In most developed countries, the acceleration of coastal urbanization during the second half of the twentieth century has gradually resulted in a concentration of residential housing and associated infrastructure and facilities along a narrow coastal strip, along with various environmental, functional and social impacts. This has led certain countr...
The conservation of biodiversity today must include the participation and support of local stakeholders. Natura 2000 can be considered as a conservation system that, in its application in most EU countries, relies on the participation of local stakeholders. Our study proposes a scientific method for participatory modelling, with the aim of contribu...
RESUME. Dans le contexte dynamique des changements d'usages des sols sur la zone côtière, l'étude expérimente la modélisation d'accompagnement en vue de contribuer à la gestion conservatoire des habitats et des espèces sur un site (presqu' ABSTRACT. In the dynamic context of land use changes in coastal zone, this study tested the companion modeling...
This contribution addresses both the role of geographical information in participatory research of coastal zones, and its potential to bridge the gap between research and coastal zone management. Over a one year period, heterogeneous data (spatial, temporal, qualitative and quantitative) were obtained which included the process of interviews, stori...
As a particular kind of prospective, the geoprospective emerged from the convergence between geographic, modelling and prospective studies. It aims to provide a better basis for integrating territories during the process of exploring the future through the use of various methods. This approach goes beyond considering the spatial dimension as a simp...
As a particular kind of prospective, the geoprospective emerged from the convergence between geographic, modelling and prospective studies. It aims to provide a better basis for integrating territories during the process of exploring the future through the use of various methods. This approach goes beyond considering the spatial dimension as a simp...
This contribution deals with the role of geographical information in participatory research concerning coastal zones and its potential to bridge the gap between research and coastal zone management. The study aims at modeling the interactions between human activities in a maritime basin. A methodology is proposed to describe the spatio-temporal dis...
Coastal seas are important for human societies with many and diverse activities. These space and resource consuming activities exert an increasing pressure on the environment and sometimes result in conflicting interactions. Understanding these interactions remains a challenge for research and civil society. A methodology is proposed to describe th...
L'objectif de cette contribution est de présenter les potentialités de la classification orientée-objet d'une image SPOT 5 à 10 mètres de résolution spatiale pour la création d'une couche d'information décrivant l'occupation des sols en zone côtière. Une typologie spécifique en trois niveaux scalaires est mise en place pour le traitement de l'image...
Compte tenu de l'intensité et de l'ampleur des changements qui caractérisent les zones côtières, la mise en oeuvre collective de processus et d'outils qui visent à favoriser leur connaissance et leur gestion est actuellement primordiale. Les Infrastructures de Données Géographiques (IDG) ont pour but de faciliter la mise à disposition et l'accès au...
This contribution refers to a companion modelling approach applied to the study of interactions between social and environmental dynamics in a small protected island, part of a biosphere reserve. This approach leads to a role-playing game designed by a pluridisciplinary workgroup (researchers and reserve manager), used as management support and as...
http://www.ades.cnrs.fr/spip.php?article1091
http://www.ades.cnrs.fr/spip.php?article1091
The intensity and magnitude of change that characterize coastal areas now demand the implementation of collective processes and tools to enhance coastal zone knowledge and management.
Cet article présente une méthodologie de caractérisation spatiale, temporelle et quantitative du transport maritime en rade de Brest (Bretagne, France), difficile à appréhender du fait de sa forte variabilité. Par la modélisation d'une base d'informations spatio-temporelles issues de données AIS (Automatic Identification System) et le recours à des...
Dans le cadre d'un projet régional de suivi du trait de côte d'Afrique de l'Ouest, une réflexion méthodologique visant à normaliser la présentation cartographique des synthèses diachroniques locales a été engagée. Cependant, l'étendue des variations spatio-temporelles de la position de ce linéaire côtier de plus de 5000 km est très grande tandis qu...
The study refers to the interactions between socio-economic and natural dynamics in an island biosphere reserve by using companion modelling. This approach provides scientific results and involves interdisciplinarity. In the second phase of the study, we transferred knowledge by adapting the main research output, a role-playing game, to young peopl...
Cette contribution presente la methode employee, sous environnement SIG, pour combiner des donnees heterogenes afin de produire une information pertinente sur les dynamiques territoriales dans une perspective de gestion integree du littoral. En France, depuis les lois sur la decentralisation, une grande partie des competences de gestion et d'amenag...
Land use and land cover evolution was contributing to the emergence of geographical information systems. Today, most applications benefit from sophisticated technologies for gathering and analysing data, which is of great value for urban and regional planning. This paper presents a typology and conceptual frameworks for the specification of several...
This contribution presents the methodology of data acquisition concerning human activities in the Bay of Brest (Brittany, France). The objective is to model potential conflicts and potential impacts on renewable resources. A survey method was developed to collect spatial data from stakeholders using GIS as a mediation tool. Thirty-nine semi-structu...
The study describes the implemented approach within the framework of a research-action dealing with interactions between socio-economical and ecological dynamics in a coastal area (Ouessant island, in the west of France). It describes how the companion modelling approach has encouraged the interdisciplinarity. The tools of the companion modelling (...
Summer warming trends in Western Europe are increasing the incidence, intensity and duration of heat waves. They are especially deadly in large cities owing to population density, physical surface properties, anthropogenic heat and pollutants. In August 2003, for 9 consecutive days, the Paris metropolitan area experienced an extreme heat wave that...
Within the framework of a West African regional coastline monitoring study, the methodological reflection on a standardizing model for the cartographic rendering of local diachronic syntheses has been undertaken. However, there is an extremely vast range of spatial and temporal variations of the coastline's position, stretching over 5000 km; wherea...
This paper presents a methodology for the spatial, temporal and quantitative characterization of maritime transport in the bay of Brest (Brittany, France). The high variability of transport flux makes, it is difficult to describe. Using AIS spatiotemporal database combined with GIS spatial analysis, daily sea traffic for maritime transportation of...
As the marine fringes of coastal zones, coastal seas are particularly affected by human activities interacting among themselves,
sometimes in a conflicting way, and with their environment. In order to analyse these interactions, a modelling platform of
Human Activities Dynamics (DAHU) is developed, including a module adapted to the description of m...
Despite leadership of developed country in GIS field and ICZM field, ICZM and GIS together have been compared to a puzzle. This involves questioning on capacity to put together such ICZM and GIS in developing country. We focus on four of such developing countries to highlight difficulties to understand and to manage costal area with the use og GIS....
Rationale In large cities, the distribution of surface heat fluxes is altered compared to natural areas, creating an urban heat island (UHI). Reducing the UHI is a key issue to adapt to climate change. Following the 2003 heat wave, the French Institute for Public Health Surveillance conducted a case-control study to identify the main risk factors f...
Contexte Les recherches interdisciplinaires menées sur le thème de l'environnement se heurtent souvent à la complexité des processus, à l'absence de méthodes adaptées et à l'éparpillement des compétences et des données dans un vaste champ disciplinaire et dans de multiples institutions. De plus les recherches dont l'objectif est de contribuer à une...
A multi-agent model devoted to interactions between social dynamics and natural dynamics on the isle of Ouessant was used as the medium for a role-playing game adapted to the school curriculum of fifth-form classes on the theme of sustainable development and coastal areas (History-Geography, Life and Earth Sciences and Civics). Adapting it required...
MEDIA a pour objectif d'élaborer avec des acteurs du "tiers-secteur scientifique" (gestionnaires d'espaces, enseignants) des outils opérationnels de gestion, de médiation et d'apprentissage sur le thème de l'environnement et du développement durable. Le projet a permis - de poursuivre une réflexion interdisciplinaire et finalisée engagée sur les in...
Dans le cadre de l’atelier 4, l’emprunt terminologique à la notion usuelle du terme Biome a été débattu et précisé de manière à souligner leur dimension marquée de socio-éco-systèmes (SESs). Ils se rapportent à des systèmes ayant des traits fonctionnels associés à des traits géographiques, écologiques et climatiques et pour lesquels les sociétés hu...
Many protected areas are now faced with increasing pressure from visitors and tourism development. There is thus an urgent need for conservation biologists to evaluate the full impact of human disturbance not only on individual responses, but also on the viability of protected populations, so that relevant management measures can be proposed. We st...
Les acteurs de la recherche utilisent pour leurs travaux de multiples sources d'information, qu'elles proviennent de donnees d'observation ou de references bibliographiques. L'archivage, le catalogage et la description de toutes ces ressources sont les seuls moyens de les perenniser, de les echanger et d'en garantir une bonne utilisation. Nous pres...