Fiona Murray’s research while affiliated with Massachusetts Institute of Technology and other places

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Publications (20)


How Some Universities Translate Inclusive Innovation into Regional Growth
  • Article

January 2025

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3 Reads

Issues in Science and Technology

Mercedes Delgado

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Fiona Murray

Positioning universities as hubs of inclusive innovation, particularly in less inventive places, can shift local workforce demographics and accelerate growth.




Faculty as catalysts for training new inventors: Differential outcomes for male and female PhD students

August 2023

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98 Reads

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8 Citations

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

STEM PhDs are a critical source of human capital in the economy, contributing to commercial as well as academic science. We examine whether STEM PhD students become new inventors (file their first patent) during their doctoral training at the top 25 U.S. universities (by patenting). We find that 4% of PhDs become new inventors. However, among PhDs of faculty who are themselves top (prolific) inventors, this figure rises to 23%. These faculty train 44% of all the new inventor PhDs by copatenting with their advisees. We also explore whether new inventor PhDs are equally distributed by gender. In our university sample, the female share of new inventors is 9% points (pp) lower than the female share of PhDs. Several channels contribute to this: First, female PhDs are less likely to be trained by top inventor advisors (TIs) than male PhDs. Second, they are less likely to be trained by (the larger number of) male top inventors: The estimated gap in the female % of PhDs between female and male TIs is 7 to 9 pp. Third, female PhDs (supervised by top inventors and especially by other faculty) have a lower probability of becoming new inventors relative to their male counterparts. Notably, we find that male and female top inventors have similar rates of transforming their female advisees into new inventors at 4 to 8 pp lower (17 to 26% lower rate) than for male advisees. The gap remains at 4 pp comparing students of the same advisor and controlling for thesis topic.








Citations (11)


... 2.5 | Formal institutional affordance: regional innovation readiness Regional innovation readiness pertains to a region's capacity to leverage resources such as talents, information, and knowledge to develop new products, processes, and technologies, particularly in CGI Regions with vital innovation ecosystems provide the necessary infrastructure, networks, and policies that promote DT (Guzman et al., 2024), thus supporting innovation readiness by providing robust talent aggregation capabilities that lead to significant spillover effects (Beynon et al., 2023). Particularly noteworthy is the ability of highly skilled technology professionals within these regions to assimilate and adapt existing technologies and foster the creation of new technological solutions that drive CGI (Sun & Li, 2022). ...

Reference:

Digital transformation and corporate green innovation: An affordance theory perspective
Accelerating Innovation Ecosystems: The Promise and Challenges of Regional Innovation Engines
  • Citing Article
  • January 2024

Entrepreneurship and Innovation Policy and the Economy

... Entrepreneurs, who start and build new business activity, and innovators, who develop new ideas or methods for products or services, acquire critical knowledge, skills, opportunities, and experience in their higher education. This can occur through experience in research, coursework, and community engagement, as well as on-campus entrepreneurial activities (Breznitz & Feldman, 2012;Delgado & Murray, 2023;Dilli & Westerhuis, 2018). Some commentators have gone so far as to refer to higher education as a means to "create" entrepreneurial and innovative individuals (Nager et al., 2016, p. 6). ...

Faculty as catalysts for training new inventors: Differential outcomes for male and female PhD students
  • Citing Article
  • August 2023

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

... Furthermore, the concept of embedded innovation ecosystems introduces the idea of innovation deeply ingrained within specific industries or regions (Daraojimba et al., 2023). This typology recognizes the unique characteristics and challenges inherent in different sectors, emphasizing the importance of tailoring innovation approaches to the specific needs of these contexts (Guzman et al., 2023). ...

Accelerating Innovation Ecosystems: The Promise and Challenges of Regional Innovation Engines
  • Citing Article
  • January 2023

SSRN Electronic Journal

... Second, regulatory restrictions on banks can create opportunities for fintech-based firms as they make banking services more costly (Buchak et al 2018), or less appealing (Buchak et al 2021) for consumers, Finally, several authors have argued that banks, stuck with legacy technology and data infrastructure, are bound to lag new entrants in the introduction of innovation. The broader literature provides some support for this argument; startups may be more creative in their approach to innovation (Kolev, Haughey, Murray and Stern 2022), incumbents may have disincentives to innovate for fear of cannibalizing existing revenue streams (Christensen 1997, Igami 2017). In addition, it is difficult to adapt business processes to exploiting innovations (Brynjolfsson and Hitt 2000). ...

Of Academics and Creative Destruction: Startup Advantage in the Process of Innovation
  • Citing Article
  • August 2023

Academy of Management Proceedings

... This paper expands upon recent scholarly works on the disparity between genders in the process of obtaining patents. It examines the current measures used to assess this gap and provides an analysis of their individual advantages and limitations (Delgado and Murray, 2022;Cutura, 2019). Thirdly, it expands on the preliminary examination of the gender role conducted by Martinez, Raffo, Saito, et al. (2016), which enhances the analysis of inventors' teams. ...

Mapping the Regions, Organizations, and Individuals That Drive Inclusion in the Innovation Economy
  • Citing Article
  • January 2022

Entrepreneurship and Innovation Policy and the Economy

... One explanation is that blinding fails to be up to the task-it cannot eliminate biases that work against marginalized authors. Take, for example, some research investigating "gender gaps" in grant proposals, which found that a gap in Gates Foundation funding was explained by differences in how male and female applicants used language (Kolev et al., 2020). That study might suggest that gender biases are sometimes not fully mitigated by blinding efforts. ...

Gender Differences in Scientific Communication and Their Impact on Grant Funding Decisions
  • Citing Article
  • May 2020

AEA Papers and Proceedings

... We next sought to determine whether women's perceived expertise might be a partial explanation for authors' imbalanced RE suggestions. Specifically, previous research points at potential disparity with the broadness of term women and men use when communicating research [74]. Accordingly, we tested whether women and men REs differed in the number of keywords used to showcase their expertise. ...

Is Blinded Review Enough? How Gendered Outcomes Arise Under Anonymous Evaluation
  • Citing Article
  • August 2019

Academy of Management Proceedings

... Universities prioritize scientific objectives and publications, while industry focuses on profitability and may delay publication for patentable material (Bruneel et al., 2010;Bstieler et al., 2014;Ghauri & Rosendo-Rios, 2016;He et al., 2021;Hillerbrand & Werker, 2019). Tensions arise regarding knowledge disclosure between firms and scientific partners (Galán-Muros & Plewa, 2016;Markman et al., 2005;Muscio, 2009), with choices between secrecy, patenting, and publication (Gans et al., 2017) leading to significant conflicts. ...

Contracting over the disclosure of scientific knowledge: Intellectual property and academic publication
  • Citing Article
  • March 2017

Research Policy

... It has been recognized that different sectors rely on different external sources of knowledge. Specifically, impacts of academic research on industrial innovations are the greatest in the pharmaceuticals where advancement in life sciences directly boosts drug discovery (Hicks et al., 2001; Huang and Murray, 2009; Furman and Stern, 2011). Second, previous innovation surveys conducted in various countries show that the effectiveness of patents as a means to significantly appropriate the returns to R&D investment varies across industries, which leads to significant variations in patent propensity at the industry level (Levin et al. 1984; Arundel et al. 1995; Goto and Nagata 1997; Cohen et al. 2000; Nagaoka and Walsh 2009). ...

Does Patent Strategy Shape the Long-Run Supply of Public Knowledge?
  • Citing Chapter
  • Full-text available
  • May 2016