Fillah Fithra Dieny’s research while affiliated with Universitas Semarang and other places

Excessive weight gain during pregnancy is a risk factor, which can be modified to prevent pregnancy and postpartum complications. Gestational weight gain (GWG) is also influenced by the regulation of nutritional intake and physical activity, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between nutritional intake and physical activity in overweight pregnant women with gestational weight gain. This cross-sectional study was conducted in May and November 2022. A total of 66 overweight/obese pregnant women aged 20 – 40 years at the Public Health Center in Semarang were recruited using a consecutive sampling technique. Data were collected using interviews, questionnaires, and anthropometric measurements. Data analysis was performed using the Pearson’s correlation, Spearman’s correlation, and linear regression. Pregnant women who were overweight or obese gained an average of 0,42 kg of weight each week, with the bulk of this gain deemed improper (68,2%). Parity (p=0,011; r=-0,309) and sufficient protein consumption (p=0,031; r=-0,266) were associated with GWG. The conclusion is that there will be less weight gain during pregnancy if the protein intake is high.

There are 73.3% of women in Bekasi experiencing symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Isoflavone can help with PMS symptoms. The aglycone form of isoflavones has high bioavailability. Analyze the consumption of tempeh and soy milk in reducing SPAF (Shortened Premenstrual Assessment Form) scores. The study used a quasi-experimental method with a pretest and posttest control group design. The intervention was giving soy milk and tempeh for 14 days before menstruation. The sampling technique was used purposive sampling as many as 30 women and divided into 3 groups. PMS symptom assessment using the SPAF questionnaire. The dependent variable in this study is PMS. The independent variables in this study were the consumption of soy milk and tempeh. And the cofounded variables in the study are physical activity, food intake, and stress factors. Data analysis will be carried out using paired t-tests, One-Way ANOVA, and ANCOVA. Consuming soy milk in the treatment group can reduce the SPAF score (p = 0.003). Meanwhile, there was no significant decrease in the group that consumed tempeh (p = 0.105). There was no significant difference in symptom reduction between tempeh and soy milk groups (p = 0.818). The influence of confounding variables (R = 0.560), namely physical activity (p = 0.042). Consumption of soy milk can significantly reduce SPAF scores, while the decrease in SPAF score on tempeh consumption is not significant. It is noted that there is another strong influence, namely high physical activity.

Santriwati merupakan salah satu kelompok rentan mengalami masalah gizi yang disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor, salah satunya karena terdapat tradisi yang dapat mengubah pola makan. Perubahan pola makan dapat disebabkan oleh tradisi puasa, seperti Daud dan Ngrowot. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan status gizi dan komposisi tubuh pada santriwati berdasarkan jenis kebiasaan puasa. Penelitian analitik observasional dengan desain cross sectional di Pondok Pesantren API Asri Syubbanul Wathon Tegalrejo, Magelang pada 128 santriwati berusia 16-18 tahun yang dipilih menggunakan teknik stratified random sampling. Subjek terbagi atas kelompok Daud (n=34), Ngrowot (n=30), Daud dan Ngrowot (n=33), serta tidak Daud maupun Ngrowot (n=31). Data dianalisis menggunakan uji One-Way ANOVA dan Kruskall-Wallis. Sebagian besar subjek sudah menjalankan kebiasaan puasa selama 3 tahun dan mayoritas subjek yang berpuasa Daud maupun Daud dan Ngrowot jarang melakukan sahur. Meski demikian, kebiasaan makan pada keempat kelompok tidak berbeda signifikan dimana mayoritas subjek makan 2 kali/hari serta jarang berolahraga. Sebagian besar subjek pada keempat kelompok memiliki status gizi, massa otot, dan persentase air tubuh tergolong normal, tetapi sebagian besar memiliki persentase lemak tubuh di atas normal. Tidak ada perbedaan status gizi berdasarkan IMT/U (p=0,707), LiLA (p=0,594), LP (p=0,372), dan RLPP (p=0,201) serta komposisi tubuh berupa persentase lemak tubuh (p=0,393), massa otot (p=0,403), dan persentase air tubuh total (p=0,346) pada keempat keempat kelompok. Status gizi berdasarkan IMT/U, LiLA, LP, dan RLPP serta persentase lemak tubuh, massa otot, dan persentase air tubuh total tidak berbeda signifikan antara kelompok Daud, Ngrowot, Daud sekaligus Ngrowot, dan tidak Daud maupun Ngrowot.

Purpose This study aims to find the association between intake history (exclusive breastfeeding and prelacteal intake) and infection history (acute respiratory infection [ARI], pneumonia, pulmonary TB and diarrhea) with the incidence of stunting in under-fives (6–23 months) in Central Java using the 2018 Indonesian Basic Health Research or Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) data. Design/methodology/approach This study is an advanced analysis using 2018 Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) data. Data were collected by the Riskesdas team from April to May 2018. The design of this study used a cross-sectional design and no intervention. The data used in this study were taken at the Central Java Province level. The population of this study was all under-five children aged 6–23 months from 2,752 Census Blocks in Central Java in 2018; in one Census Block, there were ten households. Data were obtained from as many as 2,144 infants. The implementation of Riskesdas in 2018 has received ethical approval from the Health Research Ethics Commission, Balitbangkes Kemenkes Republic of Indonesia Number; No. LB.02.01/2/KE.267/2017. Findings There was a significant association between gender and history of pneumonia infection on stunting among under-five children in Central Java. However, the subject’s residence has no association with stunting in this study, as well as a history of exclusive breastfeeding, a history of prelacteal intake and a history of IMD practices. The probability of boys with a history of pneumonia infection being stunted was 49.1%, while girls with a history of pneumonia infection had a 43% chance of being stunted. The probability that boys without a history of pneumonia infection would be stunted was 33.7%. Research limitations/implications The limitation of this study is that the cross-sectional study design is not an easy-to-identify causal mechanism. In addition, the frequency and duration of infections experienced by the infants; the frequency and number of times the infants were breastfed; and the type and amount of macro- and micronutrients consumed by the infants could not be analyzed in this study because of the limitations of secondary data. Furthermore, there were several questions in the questionnaire that were taken based on retrospective data, which may cause information bias. Practical implications This research is expected to increase community motivation to provide exclusive breastfeeding to children and continue breastfeeding until the child is two years old. Additionally, through this research, it is hoped that the community will be more motivated to provide complementary feeding to their children at the appropriate time (after the child reaches six months of age). Providing exclusive breastfeeding and ensuring timely introduction of complementary feeding are efforts aimed at preventing infectious diseases in children, which can impact the nutritional status of children if not managed properly. This research is expected to increase community motivation to provide exclusive breastfeeding to children and continue breastfeeding until the child is two years old. Additionally, through this research, it is hoped that the community will be more motivated to provide complementary feeding to their children at the appropriate time (after the child reaches six months of age). Providing exclusive breastfeeding and ensuring timely introduction of complementary feeding are efforts aimed at preventing infectious diseases in children, which can impact the nutritional status of children if not managed properly. Social implications This research is expected to assist educational institutions and government agencies through service and development efforts in achieving the long-term goals of the SDGs, particularly concerning health and well-being. By understanding Indonesia’s potential, the government and institutions can maximize these opportunities to develop precise programs aimed at addressing the root causes of stunting. This way, the hopes of all society, especially children as the next generation, to live healthy and prosperous lives can be realized. Originality/value Several studies have shown a greater risk for toddlers with a history of infection to experience stunting. There are many studies on stunting in under-five subjects both at the national and regional levels, but none have analyzed the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding history, prelacteal intake and infections (ARI, pneumonia, pulmonary TB and diarrhea) and stunting at the Central Java level using secondary data from Riskesdas in 2018.

Background: Stunting is a failure in growth and development among children, influenced by various factors such as birth condition and health services. After the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia, mothers’ perspectives on Posyandu have changed, and data entry in the e-PPGBM, an application for recording and reporting community-based nutrition,has increased, particularly in Semarang City.Objective: The study aimed to utilize e-PPGBM to analyze the relationship between Posyandu visits post-Covid-19 adaptation and low birth weight (LBW) with stunting among toddlers in Semarang City. Materials and Methods:This case-control study used secondary data from e-PPGBM in Semarang City. The case and control groups each included 1,153 gender-matched toddlers aged 12-59 months as of December 2022. The independent variables were Posyandu visits post-Covid-19 adaptation and low birth weight (LBW). The confounding variables included vitamin A supplementation, birth length, early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF), birth order, and age. Analysis was conducted for bivariate with chi squares and multivariate with logistic regression.Results: Posyandu visits post-Covid-19 adaptation, LBW and EIBF were not associated with stunting. However, incomplete vitamin A supplementation (OR=0.66, 95% CI=0.54-0.81), short birth length (OR=2.39, 95% CI=1.74-3.27), third or higher birth order (OR=1.52, 95% CI=1.15-2.01), children aged 24-35 months (OR=1.85, 95% CI=1.36-2.53), and children aged 36-47 months (OR=1.58, 95% CI=1.16-2.16) were associated with stunting. Conclusion: Non-routine visits to Posyandu post-Covid-19 adaptation and LBW were higher among toddlers with stunting than normal toddlers. However, this relationship was not significantly related to stunting in Semarang City in December 2022.

Latar Belakang: Prevalensi remaja overweight dan obesitas meningkat. Overweight dan obesitas santri terjadi karena rendahnya kualitas diet yang digambarkan dengan ketidaksesuaian asupan makan dengan anjuran dan aktivitas fisik (pengeluaran energi) yang sedikit. Modifikasi perilaku diperlukan untuk memperbaiki profil kualitas diet dan komposisi tubuh. Tujuan: Menganalisis pengaruh kelas gizi santri terhadap kualitas diet, persen lemak tubuh dan lingkar pinggang. Metode: Penelitian quasi-experimental dengan pre-post test group design melibatkan 34 subjek yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Subjek terdiri dari 17 subjek perlakuan dan 17 subjek kontrol. Kelompok perlakuan diberikan intervensi kelas gizi santri berupa edukasi gizi 4× dan senam aerobik 12x dalam sebulan. Data kualitas diet diperoleh dari formulir Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I), persentase lemak tubuh diukur menggunakan Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA), dan lingkar pinggang diukur menggunakan medline. Analisis meliputi uji independent t-test, paired t-test, wilcoxon, dan mann-whitney. Hasil: Remaja santri overweight (79,4%) dan obesitas (20,6%) memiliki kualitas diet yang rendah. Terdapat perbedaan pada perubahan kualitas diet, komponen variasi dan komponen kecukupan (p-value=0,001; p-value=0,029; p-value=0,001) antara kelompok perlakuan dan kontrol. Tidak terdapat perbedaan pada perubahan persen lemak tubuh dan lingkar pinggang (p-value=0,487, p-value=0,385) antara kedua kelompok. Kesimpulan: Kelas gizi santri berpengaruh terhadap kualitas diet, komponen skor variasi dan skor kecukupan serta lingkar pinggang remaja santri overweight dan obesitas.

Background: Family characteristics, food security, expenditure, and diversity are indirectly associated with children's nutritional status. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the differences between food security, expenditure, and diversity among children under five with and without concurrent wasting and stunting (WaSt) in Semarang City. Methods: This study utilized an observational analytic approach with cross-sectional design. Subject selection using a consecutive sampling method obtained 72 subjects consisting of 18 subjects in each group of normal, stunted, wasted, and concurrently wasted and stunted (WaSt). Structured questionnaires collected data on the characteristics of fathers, mothers, and families. Interviews were conducted using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS), which was obtained to measure food security among families. In contrast, the Individual Dietary Diversity Score (IDDS) was used to obtain food diversity. Differences were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and the Kruskal-Wallis test. A confidence level of 95% was utilized, and the results were significant, with a p-value<0.05 Results: There were significant differences in age, maternal nutrition knowledge, family income, food security, food expenditure, and food diversity between children under five with and without WaSt (p-value=0.010; 0.002; 0.026; 0.001; <0.001; 0.021). Conclusion: The WaSt group has a different age composition, maternal nutritional knowledge, family income, food security, food expenditure, and food diversity from other groups.

Individuals with a body mass index (BMI) within the normal range are considered healthier. However, according to a study, several individuals with a BMI of <25 kg/m2 also showed an increased risk of developing metabolic disorders. Abnormal metabolism is influenced by several factors, including micronutrient intake and a sedentary lifestyle. This study aimed to analyze differences in micronutrient intake, such as calcium, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin C, and sedentary lifestyle in metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUNW) and metabolically healthy normal weight (MHNW) individuals. This investigation was an observational research study with a case-control design. Sampling was performed using consecutive sampling with 25 subjects for each group. All subjects were female with an age range of 19-23 years. Subjects had BMI screening and blood sampling. Micronutrient intake was measured by the Semi-Quantitative–Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQFFQ) and sedentary lifestyle using the Adolescent Sedentary Activity Questionnaire (ASAQ). Bivariate analysis was performed using the independent t-test and the Mann–Whitney U test. The intake of calcium, vitamin D, E, and C in MHNW was higher than in MUNW and was significantly different except for vitamin D, although the two groups’ mean adequacy level was still classified as a deficit. The MUNW’s duration of sedentary activity (703.4 mins/day) was higher than the MHNW’s (515.8 mins/day), and the mean of the two groups was classified as high. There were differences in the intake of calcium, vitamins C and E, and a sedentary lifestyle between the MHNW and MUNW groups (p<0.05). Intakes of micronutrients such as calcium, vitamin C, and vitamin E in the MHNW group were higher than that in the MUNW group. It differed significantly, although the level of adequacy in both groups was classified as a deficit rather than a requirement.

Along with epidemiological and nutritional transition in developing countries, it is possible for stunted children and overweight mothers to live in one household. To determine factors associated to overweight/obesity among mothers of stunting children in Semarang City. This observational cross-sectional study involved 82 pairs of stunted childrens and their overweight/obese mothers in Semarang using a Consecutive Sampling method. The independent variables were age, parity, education, hormonal contraception, family income, food intake, food diversity, and physical activity. The dependent variable was maternal nutritional status using Body Mass Index (BMI) using the Asia Pacific cut-off: classified as normal if BMI 18.5-22.9 kg/m2 and overweight/Obese if BMI > 23 kg/m2. Statistical analysis of the logistic regression model was used to determine the Association between factors in this study. BMI in the normal nutritional status group had a median value of 20.37 (18.53-22.91) kg/m2, while in the overweight/obesity group, it was 28.19 (23.19-39.62) kg/m2. Factors related with overweight/obesity in stunted mothers, mothers aged more than 35 years has a risk of 4.457 times compared to mothers aged under 35 years (p=0,013) and use of hormonal contraception has a risk of 6.063 times compared to not using hormonal contraception (p=0.004). The factors associated to being overweight/obesity were mothers age and use contraceptional hormonal. Keywords: SCOM, parity, income, hormonal contraception ABSTRAK Seiring terjadinya transisi epidemiologi dan gizi di negara berkembang, memungkinkan terjadinya anak stunting dan ibu kelebihan berat badan dalam satu rumah tangga. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan status gizi lebih/obesitas pada ibu balita stunting di Kota Semarang. Penelitian observasional dengan desain cross-sectional pada ibu balita stunting sebanyak 82 orang dengan menggunakan metode Consecutive Sampling. Variabel bebas dalam penelitian ini adalah usia, paritas, pendidikan, kontrasepsi hormonal, pendapatan keluarga, asupan makan, keragaman pangan, dan aktivitas fisik. Variabel terikat yaitu kelebihan berat badan pada ibu menggunakan parameter IMT (Indeks Massa Tubuh) dengan cut-off point Asia Pasifik dengan klasifikasi status gizi baik jika IMT 18,5-22,9 kg/m2 dan status gizi lebih/obesitas jika IMT >23 kg/m2. Model regresi logistik digunakan untuk menganalisis keterkaitan faktorfaktor pada penelitian ini. IMT pada kelompok status gizi normal memiliki nilai median 20,37 (18,53-22,91) kg/m2, sedangkan pada kelompok status gizi lebih/obesitas 28,19 (23,19-39,62) kg/m2. Faktor yang berhubungan dengan status gizi lebih/obesitas pada ibu balita stunting yaitu usia ibu lebih dari 35 tahun berisiko 4,457 kali dibandingkan usia ibu di bawah 35 tahun (p=0,013) dan penggunaan kontrasepsi hormonal berisiko 6,063 kali dibandingkan dengan tidak menggunakan kontrasepsi hormonal (p=0,004). Faktor yang berhubungan status gizi lebih/obesitas pada ibu balita stunting yaitu usia ibu dan penggunaan kontrasepsi hormonal . Kata kunci: SCOM, paritas, pendapatan, kontrasepsi hormonal

The COVID-19 pandemic triggered lifestyle changes, namely diet quality and physical activity that show improvements in COVID-19 survivors. The study aimed to analyze the differences in diet quality and physical activity among COVID-19 survivors and non-survivors in the city of Semarang in March-April 2022. The study design was cross sectional with subjects of Semarang City residents aged 22-45 years as many as 100 subjects (50 survivors and 50 non-survivors of COVID-19) using purposive sampling technique. Semi Quantitative-Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ) interview data were collected, followed by diet quality assessment using the Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I). Physical activity data were collect using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF). Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney and Spearman's methods. The diet quality of the two groups showed a difference (p=0,012), where the diet quality of the survivor group was descriptively better. Variations in dietary quality components showed differences (p<0,001), including the subcomponents of overall (p=0,005) and protein (p<0,001). Physical activity in both groups showed no difference (p=0,639), including heavy, moderate, and walking activities. There was a difference in sedentary activity between the two groups (p=0,035). Conclusion, the dietary quality of the two groups showed differences, the majority of which were better in the COVID-19 survivor group. Physical activity in both groups showed no difference, but sedentary activity showed a difference in both groups.