Felix Padel's research while affiliated with University of Sussex and other places
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Publications (21)
This article documents Adivasi resistance to the ‘loot’ of their land and resources since 1980, especially during the Kalinganagar movement in Odisha, roughly between 2004 and 2010, and the Pathalgadi movement in Jharkhand, between 2016 and 2018. Using the lens of trauma and testimony, the article represents a combined effort by Gladson Dungdung, a...
Out of this Earth is a detailed account of bottom-up view of the aluminium industry. Focusing on the Khondalite mountains in the eastern Indian state of Odisha, which are capped by some of the world's best bauxite deposits, the authors trace the roots of this industry, which promises prosperity to the most marginalised sections of the world’s poore...
Since Independence, a need was expressed in Nehru’s Panchsheel principles, and in every major policy document since, to allow tribal communities to develop according to their own genius, and in the field of education, to allow a synthesis between formal education that imparts literacy, etc. and indigenous models that formalised ways of transmitting...
Jean Dreze (Ed.), Social Policy, Essays from Economic and Political Weekly, New Delhi: Orient BlackSwan, 2016, 496 pp., ₹795, ISBN: 978-81-250-6284-4 (Paperback).
India’s economic policies need to be reviewed holistically in relation to their impacts on ecosystems and communities and to ensure long-term sustainability. The term ‘Development-Induced Displacement’ adds insult to injury in a context where a majority of those displaced by industrial projects do not experience these as development at all, but exp...
The impact of development projects has been overwhelmingly disastrous for the tribal people. Because the areas they live in generally happen to be rich in natural resources, they often get forcibly displaced from their lands to make way for building dams, mining and other projects, paid little or no compensation, relocated to environments completel...
Traditionally, Adivasis have lived for centuries in resource-rich regions, with a resulting high level of food security combined with in-built cultural restraints against taking too much from their environment. Increasingly rapid invasions and dispossessions of Adivasi lands and forests have seriously undermined their food security to the extent th...
In mining projects and metal factories proliferating in tribal areas of eastern central India, a gross disparity is evident between the dispossession and violence experienced by tribal communities on the one hand, and the rhetoric of ‘sustainable development’ put out by mining companies through public relations companies and the media on the other....
Orient BlackSwan, New Delhi 2010) Reviewed by Madhusree Mukerjee "The economic imperialism of a single tiny island kingdom (England) is today keeping the world in chains," Gandhi had observed in 1928. "If an entire nation of 300 million took to similar economic exploitation, it would strip the world bare like locusts." The locusts have arrived, and...
There is clearly an institutionalized attitude of neglect towards the displaced people. For example, no record of the number of people displaced is maintained. Such attitudes prevent the bureaucratic mindset from understanding the enormity of what is involved when tribal people, stripped of their land, are forcibly dumped to unlivable places euphem...
The pursuit of aluminium in Orissa has resulted in cultural genocide.Displacement has destroyed the tribal society’s structure whilepollution from factories has rendered areas uncultivable, snatchingaway the residents’ main source of livelihood.The fact that the arms industry is one of the driving forces behindaluminium production makes the indiffe...
Most critiques of the aluminium industry focus on refineries and smelters, which are among the worst culprits of global heating. But bauxite mining excavates a huge surface area, and has caused environmental devastation in Jamaica, Guinea, Australia, India and recently also in Vietnam.
Perhaps no bauxite deposits are located in more sensitive area...
The evidence we present goes against the conventional history of aluminium, which tends to portray the industry as central to various countries’ economic power and prosperity, without understanding the financial manipulation and exploitation between and within countries, and the true costs.”
Few people understand aluminium’s true form or see its i...
Citations
... The meetings were held at the centers of capital, far removed from the spaces of livelihood of the Dongria Kondh and were heavily influenced by threats of violence as well as promises of rewards, with the strong presence of police and company officials. Community members did not have access to the environmental impact assessments that were being conducted and were not aware of opportunities to provide input into the impact studies (Amnesty International, 2010; Das & Padel, 2010). ...
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... Many studies highlight that trust is a prerequisite for strengthening the relationship between the people and the Government (Parasuraman, 1996;Engle, 2010;Padel and Das, 2012). The Government's awareness of people's attitudes toward its functions helps the Government better connect with people. ...
... In areas such as the Kutch desert lying between India and Pakistan, Farhana Ibrahim's (2008 ) excellent ethnography of these borderlands shows that different kinds of border-making practices were put in place involving both force and negotiation by each country, causing various groups to constantly reshape their sense of belonging in this changing milieu. Other works vividly show violence of a different kind, as when commercial cartels engaged in extractive economies make the habitat of many indigenous groups unliveable ( Baviskar, 2001 ;Padel and Das, 2010 ). ...
Reference: Locations and Locutions
... Recent literature sought to pivot attention to "skills and knowledge nurtured in venues beyond the realm of formal education" to forge critiques against neoliberal education (Wotherspoon, 2015, p. 79). Across the Global South, documented cases include Indigenous schools in Malaysia (Minoi et al., 2019), Nepal (Gupta & Padel, 2019), Bangladesh and India (Singh & Espinosa-Herold, 2014), Aotearoa/New Zealand (Choudry, 2010), and the Philippines (Cabanilla, 2013;Wright, 2020). These schools promote multicultural and multilingual learning, use local languages, and cater especially to those with little access to social services (Gupta & Padel, 2019;Singh & Espinosa-Herold, 2014). ...
... The 2-year-long resistance-cum-negotiation process resulted in a compensation package which included regular employment to people from the affected villages, adequate financial compensation for land and the loss of crops, availability of running water 24 h in each household, the health and education facilities, and post-mining return of the land in its earlier condition to the raiyats (tenants). The last component-post-mining land reclamation policy-was the most crucial, for it allayed the fear of displacement which was a traumatic reality in the nearby coal bearing region and considered to be the primary factor sparking protests against investment-driven development projects in several parts of the country Damodaran and Padel 2018). The compensation package can be said to have incorporated some elements of the community's notion of development articulated in terms of security in livelihood, food and water security, and, above all, security of life (Damodaran and Padel 2018). ...
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... Development in India has come at a cost to certain communities and regions. From its earliest post-independence economic era in the 1950s, state led large industrialisation projects such as mining and dams have displaced mostly rural, adivasi and peasant populations, many with generational associations to their lands (for example see Padel 2016). Even though civil society movements have questioned the lack of distributive justice in the decades following Indian's sovereignty, industrial development has largely been accepted as serving the greater common good 6 . ...
... However, the experience of the nearby Nalco mine and refinery fostered strong resistance that evolved into possibly the longest running protest movement against any form of industrial development in the state of Odisha, which culminated in the police shooting of three protesters in 2000. These and other human rights violations have been extensively documented but are still largely unresolved (PUDP 2005;Reddy 2006;Goodland 2007;Padel and Das 2007). While the ongoing protests caused the withdrawal of international investors Hydro (from Norway) and Alcan (from Canada), and even the Indian Tata Group, the project has continued, and is now wholly owned by Hindalco (part of the Birla Group), which is proposing to expand the operation. ...
... This period coincides with the global commodities supercycle in metals that began in the late 1990s. Buoyed by the optimism generated by this supercycle, India witnessed an accelerated mineral boom in the 2000s (Padel and Das 2010;Sawyer and Gomez 2012). During this period, states undertook an inordinately large role in governing mineral extraction (Ballard and Banks 2003;Humphreys 2015). ...
... As such, the added value of certified organic coffee as a commodity pales in comparison to the value of land rights and enduring tenure for current and future generations made possible through organic farming as a relationship. Adivasi farmers have struggled to maintain control of their land across India (Padel 2012), but organic coffee is one way to claim land rights legible to banks and the state. Certification offers a means to maintain control over land that might otherwise be sold through corrupt channels between government officials and extractive companies. ...
Reference: Organic aspirations in South India
... The (ex post facto) study by Baboo Balgobind (1991) was the sole study of the resistance by the Hirakud dam oustees, the articles by Patel et al. (1988) and Patel (1989) were those of Baliapal Resistance Movement from the view point of civil liberties and it was also studied by Routledge (1993) but through poetics. Felix and Das (2008) studied the anti-Vedanta Movement of Lanjigarh from the vantage of anti-state perspective. Similarly, Sarangi (2002) and Das (2001Das ( , 2003 had reported on the resistance movement against the UAIL at Kashipur from the stand point of civil society. ...
