F.Z. Horusitzky’s scientific contributions

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Publications (4)


Fig. 4. The palaeotemperature indicated by the distribution of congelifracts in the composed sedimentary section of Divje babe I correlated with GRIP (Summit) adopted from Weismü ller (1997). Correlation is supported by ESR dates (see Table 1) and two AMS 14 C cal BP dates marked by asterisk (Nelson, 1997). I1-I7 are Divje babe I interstadials correlated with GRIP interstadials. Sedimentation gaps (hiatuses) are indicated (Skaberne et al., 2015). Pale´o tempe´rature indique´e par la distribution des conge´lifractes dans la composition se´dimentaire de la section de Divje babe I et corre´le´e avec la courbe GRIP (sommet) adapte´e par Weismûller (1997). Corre´lation soutenue par les dates ESR (Tableau 1) et deux dates C 14 AMS marque´es par des aste´risques (Nelson, 1997). I1 et I7 de´signent les interstades a ` Divje babe I corre´le´s avec les GRIP. Les hiatus se´dimentaires sont indique´s (Skaberne et al., 2015).
Fig. 5. The relation between climate and the frequency of visiting the Divje babe I cave by humans and cave bears: a: the paleoclimate reconstructed on the basis of congelifracts and corroded clasts samples (see Turk et al., 2005b; Skaberne et al., 2015); b: human and cave bear presence at Divje babe I defined on the basis of number of identified cave bear specimens (NISP) and number of artefacts in 12 cm thick sedimentation levels (Turk, 2007, 2014a). Hearth levels are marked with asterisk. R elation entre le climat et la fre´quence des visites a ` Divje babe I, par les hommes et par les ours des cavernes : a : Pale´oclimats reconstitue´s sur la base des conge´lifractes et les e´boulis e´rode´s (voir Turk et al., 2005b ; Skaberne et al., 2015) ; b : pre´sence humaine et d'ours des cavernes a ` Divje babe I selon le nombre de restes d'ours des cavernes identifie´s (NISP) et selon le nombre d'artefacts par tranche de 12 cm dans les niveaux se´dimentaires (Turk, 2007, 2014a). Les niveaux avec foyers sont indique´s par un aste´risque.
Fig. 6. Side-scraper with a thinned back made on Levallois core, found in the same Mousterian level (level D-1) as the musical instrument. Note the denticulate right edge suitable for sawing the bones (photo T. Lauko). Racloirs a ` dos aminci re´alise´s sur un nucle´us Levallois de´couvert dans le même niveau mouste´rien (niveau D-1) que l'instrument de musique. Le bord droit du denticuleést approprie´pourapproprie´pour de´couper les ossements (photo T. Lauko).
Fig. 7. Selected Mousterian osseous artefacts from Divje babe I. (1) Fragment of antler point. (2-3) Bone awls (punches): a: micro-striations interrupted by severe corrosion damage and their location on the fragment of antler point; b: micro-striations and their location on the polished rounded tip of the bone awl (punch) No. 2 (photo T. Lauko, A. Košir, M. Miler). Choix d'artefacts mouste´riens en ossements de Divje babe I. (1) Fragment d'une pointe de ramure. (2-3) Poinçons en ossements (percuteur interme´diaire) : a : micro-stries interrompues par des alte´rations corrosives et leur localisation sur le fragment de pointe dans la ramure ; b : micro-stries et leur localisation sur le fragment de pointe en ossement (percuteur interme´diaire) nume´ro 2 (photo T. Lauko, A. Košir, M. Miler).
Fig. 8. a: abraded cortical bone proximally to Hole 3. Exposed inner structure of the bone bears two parallel micro-scores (marked with an arrow); b: longitudinal CT cross-section of the Mousterian musical instrument through the centre of the holes. An arrow marks the area proximally to Hole 3 where the cortical bone was abraded. Others areas with deformed cortical bone are also indicated (photo M. Zaplatil, F. Cimerman, F. Bernardini). a : partie corticale alte´re´e a ` proximite´duproximite´du trou 3. Partie interne de la structure osseuse d'un os d'ours des cavernes, avec deux microstriesparallèles (indique´es par uneflèche) ; b : section longitudinale de l'instrument de musique mouste´rien a ` travers les centres des perforations. Uneflèche indique la surface proche du trou 3 où la partie corticale de l'os a e´teálte´re´e. D'autres parties avec de´formation corticale de l'ossement sont e´galement indique´es (photo M. Zaplatil, F. Cimerman, F. Bernardini).

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The Mousterian Musical Instrument from the Divje babe I cave (Slovenia): Arguments on the Material Evidence for Neanderthal Musical Behaviour § L'instrument musical mouste´rien de la grotte de Divje babe I (Slove´nie) : arguments pour l'e´vidence mate´rielle du comportement musical des ne´andertaliens ScienceDirect
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October 2018

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1,694 Reads

Matija Turk

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Ivan Turk

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Ljuben Dimkaroski

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Bone and antler artefacts from Bukovac in Lokve (Croatia). Another possible flute? Relations between the hunters of Lokve and the mountaineers of Olševa at the beginning of the upper palaeolithic

January 2004

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37 Reads

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5 Citations

Arheoloski Vestnik

The possibility of another "flute" at the Bukovac cave near Lokve. Discussion of the famous rib of three holes with a clear contra-lateral biting by animal tooth. Mysterious, entirely closed cave bear radius with a man-made hole. Reconstruction and acoustical study of two preforated juvenile cave bear femurs. It will be shown that the well known spearhead could have been a split-base point. Discussion of analogies and chronology of bone and antler points with split-base and massive base. Equal resistance evaluation of the points and their evolution in the Early Upper Palaeolithic. Comparison of the Bukovac spearhead with similar points. Discussion of the "Olschewian" concept by Bayer. Relations between the cultural center of Olševa and the secondary hunting stations of Bukovac, Badl-höhle, Salzofenhöhle etc. Parallel evolution in Aurignac.


Putative Mousterian flute from Divje babe I (Slovenia): Pseudoartefact or true flute, or who made the holes

January 2003

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57 Reads

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18 Citations

Arheoloski Vestnik

The authors present in the contribution a revolutionary technique for making holes in bones to date unknown. They take this opportunity to summarise the whole debate about the Mousterian flute from Divje babe I and conclude that a presumption of an artificial creation of the holes in the Mousterian flute is more likely than any other presumption.


Palaeolithic flutes: Divje babe I, Istállósko{combining double acute accent}, Lokve etc. Viewpoints of experts and their adversaries: Critical survey of the "Archaeological appraisal of the Divje babe I specimen No652", and arguments to defend the specimens PB51/20 and Pb606 of the HNM Budapest

January 2003

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21 Reads

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9 Citations

Arheoloski Vestnik

The presumed or probably palaeolithic "flutes" of Divje babe I and Istállósko{combining double acute accent} caves, with other "possible flutes" are discussed on an objective basis. Refutation of the absolutely sure affirmations of the opposing party. Errors and tendentious tables are pointed out. There are only probabilities and subjective convictions in this field and archaeology must cohabit with dreams.

Citations (3)


... Among them, d'Errico was the only one who micro-scoped the find and explained the findings of the microscopy in accordance with his previous estimate [12], published in Antiquity in 1998 [17][18][19]. I. Turk with colleagues [10,[20][21][22][23][24][25] (see also [26]) continuously argumentatively claimed that some of their statements, regarding their explanations about the origin of the holes and damages on the perforated bone, are incorrect [13,14,16,[27][28][29]. To obtain more accurate explanation of the find, I. Turk and colleagues performed and published a series of experiments on perforating fresh brown bear femur diaphyses, using models of wolf, hyena, and bear dentitions (Figure 2), as well as replicas of Palaeolithic tools that were present in various Mousterian levels in DB [20,21,30,31]. ...

Reference:

The Neanderthal Musical Instrument from Divje Babe I Cave (Slovenia): A Critical Review of the Discussion
Putative Mousterian flute from Divje babe I (Slovenia): Pseudoartefact or true flute, or who made the holes
  • Citing Article
  • January 2003

Arheoloski Vestnik

... The flute is not only the oldest in existence (50,000e60,000 BP) but also the only example found from the Mousterian period so far. For this reason, it has not been definitely accepted as an artifact, but according to several recent experiments (Horusitzky, 2003;Turk et al., 2005bTurk et al., , 2006Turk, in press;http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v¼sHy9FOblt7Y), there should be no doubt it was made by humans (Neanderthals). ...

Palaeolithic flutes: Divje babe I, Istállósko{combining double acute accent}, Lokve etc. Viewpoints of experts and their adversaries: Critical survey of the "Archaeological appraisal of the Divje babe I specimen No652", and arguments to defend the specimens PB51/20 and Pb606 of the HNM Budapest
  • Citing Article
  • January 2003

Arheoloski Vestnik

... An imprecise number of perforated pipes of bone, or even ivory -the initial catalogue of remains has increased significantly (García Benito, 2014), but not everybody agrees about the true nature of some of the evidence. Natural processes can modify the appearance of bones, coming to generate perforations that can be misinterpreted and attributed to the manufacturing process of one of these instruments-,that traditionally have been regarded as flutes have been recovered in European Upper Palaeolithic sites (Buisson, 1990;Münzel et al., 2002;Horusitzky, 2004;or Conard et al., 2009, among others). One of these sites is Isturitz (Saint Martin d'Arberoue, France) that has provided the largest body of evidence of this kind, and one of the most whole objects, designated as 1914 F3α75252/A3-Ist.III83888 1939. ...

Bone and antler artefacts from Bukovac in Lokve (Croatia). Another possible flute? Relations between the hunters of Lokve and the mountaineers of Olševa at the beginning of the upper palaeolithic
  • Citing Article
  • January 2004

Arheoloski Vestnik