FX Adji Samekto’s research while affiliated with The University of Law and other places

This research examines the role of addressing global humanitarian issues in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) established by States at the UN Sustainable Development Conference in 2012. The SDGs aim to tackle key challenges related to sustainable development, covering environmental, social, and economic dimensions. However, achieving a balance between environmental protection, economic growth, and social inclusion is a complex task requiring continuous efforts and commitment. Through a socio-legal approach, this study identifies three global humanitarian issues as obstacles to the SDGs: climate change, the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, and conflicts between States, specifically the Russo-Ukrainian War. Addressing climate change is crucial as it poses significant threats to the environment and human life. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbates existing challenges, impacting health systems, economies, and social well-being. State conflicts disrupt peace and stability, impeding progress towards development goals. Overcoming these obstacles necessitates international cooperation, policy reforms, and effective governance, prioritizing sustainability, resilience, and inclusiveness. By addressing these humanitarian issues, we can enhance the likelihood of achieving the SDGs and building a more sustainable and equitable future for all.

This paper is library research that tries to explore the philosophical construction of Pancasila as the philosophical basis of the Indonesian state. This study retrieves and traces documents and conducts analysis using a hermeneutic approach to explain the construction of Pancasila values since its birth on June 1, 1945, with the actualization of the existence of Pancasila as the foundation of the nation and state of Indonesia which is multicultural. Research shares the perspective that the values of Pancasila as the philosophical foundation of nation and state are the basis for nationhood and statehood, the five principles of Pancasila need to be further actualized by the Indonesian people to strengthen and strengthen national identity. Tulisan ini merupakan penelitian kepustakaan yang mencoba mengeksplorasi konstruksi filosofis Pancasila sebagai dasar filosofis negara Indonesia. Penelitian ini mengambil dan melacak dokumen serta melakukan analisis dengan menggunakan pendekatan hermeneutik untuk menjelaskan konstruksi nilai-nilai Pancasila sejak kelahirannya 1 Juni 1945 dengan aktualisasi keberadaan Pancasila sebagai landasan berbangsa dan bernegara Indonesia yang multikultural. Penelitian berbagi perspektif bahwa nilai-nilai Pancasila sebagai landasan filosofis berbangsa dan bernegara menjadi landasan dalam berbangsa dan bernegara, kelima sila Pancasila perlu diaktualisasikan lebh lanjut oleh bangsa Indonesia untuk memperkuat dan mempererat identitas kebangsaan.

Taman Sari Dunia suatu istilah yang bersumber dari pidato Soekarno dihadapan Sidang BPUPK pada tanggal 1 Juni 1945 yang dikenal sebagai Hari Lahir Pancasila. Istilah Taman Sari Dunia menunjuk pada keberadaan negara-negara dunia yang beranekaragam aliran sistem ekonomi-politik dan ideologinya, tetapi berdiri sederajat. Dalam konsep masyarakat internasional seperti itu, maka benarlah kalau kemudian di dalam Piagam PBB dirumuskan larangan dilakukannya intervensi satu negara terhadap negara yang lain, karena hal itu merupakan pelanggaran atas hak kemerdekaan segala bangsa. Kemerdekaan merupakan jalan yang harus dilalui (diperjuangkan) karena di alam kemerdekaan itulah baru kita dapat menyelenggarakan negara untuk mewujudkan kesejahteraan dan keadilan sosial. Akan tetapi dalam perjalanan realitasnya, penjajahan dan intervensi tetap terjadi dengan wujud yang berbeda. Kini penjajahan dilakukan dengan instrumen teknologi informasi untuk membawa dunia pada cara berpikir pasar bebas. Hal itu semakin menguat ketika dunia memasuki era globalisasi pada tahun 1989-1990 an. Upaya mendominasi dan menciptakan ketergantungan oleh satu atau sekelompok kekuatan negara terhadap negara lain semakin mendapatkan ruangnya dalam arena pasar bebas dunia. Fenomena ketidak adilan yang terjadi dalam hubungan antar negara ini harus terus-menerus dilawan karena akan selalu menghambat upaya pencapaian kesejahteraan oleh suatu bangsa. Momentum terjadinya pandemi COVID-19 yang melanda dunia sejak akhir 2019 yang lalu, harus menjadi momentum untuk merubah situasi ketidakadilan dunia, melalui perjuangan kedaulatan pangan oleh bangsa Indonesia, sebagai salah satu langkah membebaskan bangsa Indonesia dari keterpurukan akibat wabah virus tersebut. Kedaulatan pangan adalah hak setiap negara untuk memproduksi pangan secara mandiri dan hak untuk menetapkan sistem pertanian, peternakan, dan perikanan tanpa adanya subordinasi dari kekuatan pasar internasional.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the true legal answers and the prescriptive legal solutions for the Indonesian public accountant legal liability and how it is included in the audit report. Design/methodology/approach: This study applies the doctrinal method for examining the state asset management obtained from corporate criminal actions. Findings: Several provisions for public accountants in Indonesia, such as public accountant law and accounting standards, have become the legal standing of the corporate area disclosure on audit report, but it has never been applied. However, the scandals of corporate financial manipulation can drag the public accountants on legal issues for their liability in minimizing and preventing the fraud and for strengthening the corrective justice role of the audit report. Practical implications: There is a need for the empirical study to determine the effectiveness and the efficiency level for implementing the corporate disclosure on audit report. However, doctrinal research can be a comparison and can enrich empirical economic law for studying state asset management. Originality/value: The study initiates to renew the audit report framework in Indonesia such as the formulation of vicarious liability explicitly in economic law and to establish an independent board that oversees the quality of audit reports, and assesses the performance and accreditation of public accountants.

Ajaran Hans Kelsen yang sangat mendasar dan komprehensif ada dalam Stufenbeautheorie. Sebagai sebuah teori hukum, Stufenbeautheorie adalah teori hukum positif, tetapi bukan berbicara hukum positif pada suatu sistem hukum tertentu, melainkan suatu teori hukum umum. Paparan Hans Kelsen dalam Stufenbeautheorie bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bagaimana sesungguhnya hukum itu berasal, hingga muncul dalam peraturan hukum positif. Stufenbeautheorie adalah bagian ilmu hukum (legal science) dan bukan soal kebijakan hukum (legal policy). Di dalam studi ilmu hukum, Stufenbeautheorie diajarkan kepada mahasiswa baik mahasiswa Program Sarjana, Magister, hingga Doktoral, akan tetapi hasil temuan menunjukkan bahwa pemahaman tentang Stufenbeautheorie yang diajarkan dan diterima mahasiswa masih terbatas. Studi ini akan menelaah tentang Stufenbeautheorie hingga sampai kepada akar pemikirannya, dalam pembahasan yang menggunakan pendekatan normatif-filosofis. Pemikiran Hans Kelsen tentang hukum yang terwujud dalam Stufenbeautheorie merupakan puncak dari pemikiran bahwa hukum sesungguhnya merupakan peraturan-peraturan yang diberlakukan untuk mengatur masyarakat, tetapi dilandaskan pada nilai-nilai yang disepakati bersama oleh masyarakat yang bersangkutan.

The dominance of global capitalism is the result of a long historical process in Western Europe since the Enlightenment in the seventeenth century, the philosophers led by a very large influence on the political-economic thought and legal relationship with the state and its citizens.Capitalism and free market mechanisms become increasingly strong with sustained legal concept of rule of law. The principle of the rule of law actually originally not intended to be a means of achieving public objectives or to solve the problems of society such as the problem of poverty. Rule of law is intended to create a stable structure for individuals and businesses associated with economic activities.Linkage between laissez faire, the rule of law is logically implicated in the growth of the view that the existence of the state is to protect the free market. That is phenomena of globalization. The dominance of the rules of law which is intended to facilitate the interests of the free market encourage the implementation of adjustment programs by the state in Third World. As a result, however, it become difficult to realize policies in favor of poverty, meeting basic needs and alignments on the rights of local communities, the embodiment of social justice and environmental protection.

Scientific normativity of law conceived as a character inherent in legal science as a sui generis. Jurisprudence basically studies the law, something that initially emerged from the dogmatic belief in philosophy. Dogmatism refuse to alter beliefs one iota. The teachings of dogmatic philosophy stem from the teachings of Plato and reflected in the legal enforceability. Dogmatism in the law is reflected in the Corpus Juris Civilis. Along with the development of post Era Scholastic philosophical thinking, the philosophy synthesizes thought between dogmatic thinking and skeptic has appeared in the Age of Enlightenment. This idea is reflected in Transcendental Idealist philosophy thought of Immanuel Kant. The core idea is that real human beings are given the ability to understand based on empirical experience and actually also able to gain an understanding of the human being that is the essence of symptoms. Transcendental Idealist, thus dynamic, moving to look for values that are useful for life. Transcendental Idealist thought then be adopted Kelsen in the teaching of normativity in legal positivism. Normativity in the teachings of Hans Kelsen’s legal positivism derived from the integration of empirical positivism and idealistic empiricism.

There is a strong relationship among capitalism, democracy and globalization. Jurists of the nine-teenth century have sought to create a legal structure that based on the idea of democracy and the free market, commitment to a democratic republic and the market system as required components of republic. Thus there is a kind of mutualism symbiosis between the demands of the enactment of democratic system and free market mechanisms. Accordingly, globalization, as a new form of capitalist expansion will be running well in any region in which democracy grows. Key words: capitalism, democracy, globalization, critical legal studies