F. Boukari’s research while affiliated with Université Côte d'Azur and other places

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Publications (22)


Switching From Dupilumab to Tralokinumab or Janus Kinase Inhibitors in Cases of Ocular and/or Facial Adverse Events in Patients With Atopic Dermatitis: A Multicenter Retrospective Study
  • Article

December 2024

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51 Reads

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1 Citation

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology In Practice

Alexandre Beyrouti

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Juliette Deuze

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FIGURE 1. Clinical presentation and dermoscopic examination of the nail plate. For a detailed clinical description, see Table 1. A and B, Case 1. C-E, Case 8, the visibility of globular, linear, and comma-like vessels is due to the matrix metaplasia of the papillomatous nail bed epithelium. Note that the whitish hint of the oval and linear clod in (E) is due to the deep location of the leukonychial parakeratotic zones within the nail plate. FH, filiform hemorrhages; LR, longitudinal white ridges; SUK, subungual hyperkeratosis.
FIGURE 2. Pachyleukonychia. A, Blurred lateral border of case 5. B, Case 6, triangular shape simulating the growth of a malignant tumor. C and D, Wall-like pattern at the en-face free edge of the nail plate. D, the black blood dots are noted.
FIGURE 3. Clinical presentation and dermoscopic examination of the nail plate. For a detailed clinical description, see Table 1, case 7. C and D show the diffusible pigment of pyocyanin seen in A and B, which is soluble in water, allowing a better visualization of white spots on dermoscopy.
FIGURE 4. Histological feature of OCM. A, The proximal part of the tumor located under the proximal nail fold is mainly acanthotic. Note the KS in the nail plate (KS) better seen at high magnification in (B). B, The highly refractile nuclei of KS are responsible for the clinical, milky, round, white spots. The OS are better seen at high magnification in (C). C, The OS are devoid of nuclei, and a translucent nail plate remains at their level. Both OS and KS are explained by superficial invagination of the acanthotic epithelium. The KS are explained by an abnormal retarded maturation of the keratogenous zone and its consequent prominence as KS within the nail plate. D, Melanoacanthoma variant of OCM. OS, onychocytic sphere.
FIGURE 6. Clinical and histological correlations. Nail plate in transverse section. A and B, The 2 histological features of white dots. B, Arrowhead indicates filiform amber brown hematic deposits within the cavities corresponding clinically to FH. C, KB corresponding clinically to oval whitish clods. D, Arrowhead indicates elongated papillae, with bloodfilled ectatic vessels. These vessels are clinically observed when the nail plate remains translucent. Here, the KB masks the vessels. FH, filiform hemorrhages.

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Onychocytic Matricoma: A Clinical, Dermoscopic, and Pathological Analysis of 14 Cases
  • Article
  • Full-text available

March 2024

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171 Reads

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1 Citation

American Journal of Dermatopathology

Onychocytic matricoma (OCM) is a benign neoplasm of the nail matrix. Only 18 cases of this tumor have been reported in the literature to date. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical features of 14 patients with OCM. The most common clinical feature was longitudinal xanthopachyonychia (n = 9), followed by longitudinal leukopachyonychia (=3) and longitudinal pachymelanonychia (n = 2). The most common clinical findings identified following dermoscopy and analysis at high magnification of classical photographs were free-edge thickening of the nail plate without pitting (n = 14), longitudinal ridging (n = 7), round white clods (n = 7), white dots (n = 7), and filiform hemorrhages (n = 7), followed by oval and linear white clods (n = 5), fuzzy lateral border (n = 5), and red–purple blood clods (n = 3). Nail clipping histopathology showed a thickened nail plate with multiple, small, round-to-oval spaces. The tumor expressed immunopositivity for LEF-1. Dermoscopy of the nail plate and nail clipping histology provides useful information with regards to the differential diagnosis with subungual squamous cell carcinoma and nail melanoma. Ex vivo–in vivo correlation facilitates a better dermoscopic assessment of this unique underrecognized disease. However, the differential diagnosis between OCM and onychocytic carcinoma requires biopsy of the tumor. LEF-1 as an onychogenic marker can be used to resolve the differential diagnosis between OCM and subungual longitudinal acanthoma/seborrheic keratosis.

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Figure 2. Stages of Anthrenus sp. carpet beetle. A) Adult stage (length 4 mm); B, C) larval stage (length 4 mm) found inside clothing and upholstery fabric; D) larvae (original magnification ×40); and E) larvae (original magnification ×200) showing fine hairs (single arrow) that have a spear-headed shape, are responsible for human hypersensitivity, and are invisible to the naked eye. Double arrow indicates thick larvae hair.
Anthrenus sp. and an Uncommon Cluster of Dermatitis

July 2021

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489 Reads

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9 Citations

Emerging Infectious Diseases

We report patients in their homes in France who had cutaneous lesions caused by Anthrenus sp. larvae during the end of winter and into spring. These lesions mimic bites but are allergic reactions to larvae hairs pegged in the skin. These lesions should be distinguished from bites of bed bugs or fleas.



Syndrome d’encéphalopathie postérieure réversible induit par la combinaison vémurafénib–cobimétinib

December 2016

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20 Reads

Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie

Introduction Le traitement combiné par vémurafénib et cobimétinib est associé à une augmentation significative de la survie globale des patients atteints de mélanome métastatique BRAFV600E muté. Les effets secondaires les plus fréquents sont les troubles gastro-intestinaux, une photosensibilité, la fièvre et des arthralgies. Nous rapportons, à notre connaissance, le premier cas de syndrome d’encéphalopathie postérieure réversible (PRES) induit par ce traitement combiné. Observations Un patient de 68 ans, sans antécédents notables, avait en novembre 2015 l’exérèse d’un mélanome SSM du tronc stade IIB AJCC (Breslow 7 mm, index mitotique élevé, non ulcéré). Des métastases pulmonaires et axillaires étaient diagnostiquées 4 mois plus tard. L’IRM cérébrale retrouvait une métastase au niveau du lobe pariétal gauche. Le patient était en excellent état général, parfaitement asymptomatique. Compte tenu d’un statut mutationnel BRAFV600E positif, un traitement par vémurafénib et cobimétinib était introduit. Après 12 jours de traitement, il était admis dans notre service pour confusion, céphalées, trouble du comportement et du langage. L’examen clinique retrouvait une HTA (190/90 mmHg) isolée. Les examens biologiques montraient une élévation de la CRP (57 mg/L) et une insuffisance rénale aiguë modérée. L’IRM cérébrale retrouvait des hypersignaux T2 FLAIR au niveau cortical et sous-cortical en faveur dans le contexte d’une méningite néoplasique avec œdème périlésionnel (Fig. 1). À ce stade, des soins de supports étaient débutés en plus d’un traitement par nicardipine intraveineuse. Le patient s’améliorait de façon spectaculaire en 7 jours, avec un contrôle de la tension artérielle. Une ponction lombaire était alors réalisée et retrouvait une protéinorachie modérée, une glycorachie basse sans cellules tumorales ni anticorps antineuronaux ou agents infectieux. Les explorations auto-immunes, infectieuses et hormonales étaient normales. À l’IRM, on objectivait une disparition quasi complète de l’œdème cérébral et des hypersignaux précédemment décrits (Fig. 2). Il ne persistait que la lésion pariétale gauche connue et stable. Sur l’ensemble de ces données, le diagnostic de PRES induit par la combinaison vémurafénib et cobimétinib a été retenu. Discussion La physiopathologie du PRES est mal connue. L’hypothèse principale serait une perte de l’autorégulation cérébrale et une dysfonction endothéliale, touchant principalement les lobes pariétaux et occipitaux. Dans notre cas, une des explications pourrait être une altération directe de la barrière endothéliale par le traitement combiné. Conclusion À notre connaissance, nous rapportons le premier cas de PRES induit par la combinaison vémurafénib–cobimétinib. En raison d’une utilisation de plus en plus importante de ce type de thérapie, les cliniciens doivent être informés de cet effet secondaire potentiel.


Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome due to combination vemurafenib and cobimetinib for metastatic melanoma

November 2016

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150 Reads

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10 Citations

Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research

The combination of BRAF and MEK inhibitors has improved the prognosis of patients with BRAFV600-mutated metastatic melanoma (Larkin et al., 2014). The toxicity profiles of these drugs are mostly defined by gastrointestinal events, photosensitivity, hepatitis, and arthralgia (Larkin et al., 2014). We report a case of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) induced by vemurafenib and cobimetinib. A 68-year-old man, with neither a medical history nor any treatment, was surgically treated in November 2015 for stage IIB chest melanoma (superficial-spreading melanoma, Breslow 7 mm, with a high mitotic rate and without ulceration). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Topical corticosteroids application in the evening is more effective than in the morning in psoriasis: Results of a prospective comparative study

October 2016

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89 Reads

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11 Citations

circadian clocks regulate a wide range of functions of human body organs, including the skin. Studies have shown that the key genes responsible for the differentiation and the proliferation of skin cells are regulated according to a circadian rhythm[1, 2]. This ascertainment might have some therapeutic consequences. Indeed, topical steroids are usually prescribed once daily but the time of application is not based on any scientific data. We hypothesized that the efficacy of topical corticosteroids in psoriasis might be influenced by the time of their application. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Tumour-derived SPARC drives vascular permeability and extravasation through endothelial VCAM1 signalling to promote metastasis

April 2015

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437 Reads

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183 Citations

Disruption of the endothelial barrier by tumour-derived secreted factors is a critical step in cancer cell extravasation and metastasis. Here, by comparative proteomic analysis of melanoma secretomes, we identify the matricellular protein SPARC as a novel tumour-derived vascular permeability factor. SPARC deficiency abrogates tumour-initiated permeability of lung capillaries and prevents extravasation, whereas SPARC overexpression enhances vascular leakiness, extravasation and lung metastasis. SPARC-induced paracellular permeability is dependent on the endothelial VCAM1 receptor and p38 MAPK signalling. Blocking VCAM1 impedes melanoma-induced endothelial permeability and extravasation. The clinical relevance of our findings is highlighted by high levels of SPARC detected in tumour from human pulmonary melanoma lesions. Our study establishes tumour-produced SPARC and VCAM1 as regulators of cancer extravasation, revealing a novel targetable interaction for prevention of metastasis.


Copper Bromide Laser vs Triple-Combination Cream for the Treatment of Melasma: A Randomized Clinical Trial

February 2015

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180 Reads

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29 Citations

JAMA Dermatology

This study compares the effectiveness of the copper bromide laser vs the Kligman formula combination cream for the treatment of melasma. Recent studies have suggested the potential effectiveness of targeting the vascular component of melasma.¹- 4 The copper bromide laser (Dual Yellow; Norseld) is a laser with a concomitant-output dual-wavelength light source comprising 90% yellow light at 578 nm, which targets vascular lesions, and 10% green light at 511 nm, which targets pigmentary lesions. There are 2 conflicting reports on the potential value of this laser for treating melasma.⁵,6 The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the copper bromide laser vs the Kligman formula combination cream (a combination of hydroquinone, 5%, dexamethasone acetate, 0.1%, and retinoic acid, 0.1%) in the treatment of melasma.


Citations (9)


... Dermestid hastisetae have been found obstructing the digestive tracts of invertebrate predators (Nutting and Spangler, 1969). Vertebrates, including humans, are also adversely affected by dermestids, with multiple reports of allergy, dermatitis, and lung and skin inflammatory reactions after dermestid exposure (Bernstein et al., 2009;MacArthur et al., 2016;Gumina and Yan, 2021;Simon et al., 2021). The internal structure of hastisetae contains an unidentified amorphous matrix, which is hypothesized to contain defensive proteins and/or chemicals, like the defensive hastisetae in Lepidoptera (Battisti et al., 2011;Ruzzier et al., 2021). ...

Reference:

Individual-level dietary manipulation for optimizing mass rearing of the edible cricket Gryllodes sigillatus
Anthrenus sp. and an Uncommon Cluster of Dermatitis

Emerging Infectious Diseases

... Commonly used biologics such as Adalimumab (Humira), Infliximab (Remicade), Rituximab (Rituxan), and Etanercept (Enbrel) have all been implicated in numerous PRES cases as well. The high percentage of patients with PRES who have autoimmune disorders may further support the theory that PRES is in part caused by endothelial dysfunction, a process in which the host autoimmune response is essential; endothelial cells become activated and damaged by an inflammatory cytokine response stemming from monocytes and lymphocytes, which can lead to leakage of fluid and protein into the interstitium [8][9][10][11]. The symptoms of PRES evolve rapidly over hours to days and include seizures, headaches, altered consciousness, and visual disturbances often in the context of elevated BP as discussed above. Seizures are often the presenting symptom with only a small minority of patients with mild disease being seizure-free. ...

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome due to combination vemurafenib and cobimetinib for metastatic melanoma
  • Citing Article
  • November 2016

Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research

... Nguyen et al. [179] performed a prospective randomized study comparing the efficacy of topical corticosteroids in forty-six psoriasis patients based on the time of their application; one group applied medications between 5 p.m. and 6 p.m., and the second group between 8 a.m. and 9 a.m. In the group of patients who applied for the treatment in the evening, the response to the therapy was faster compared to the patients who applied the medication in the morning. ...

Topical corticosteroids application in the evening is more effective than in the morning in psoriasis: Results of a prospective comparative study
  • Citing Article
  • October 2016

... In ovarian cancer it functions as a negative regulator by reducing macrophage recruitment and decreasing the associated inflammation [35]. In melanomas, SPARC expression has been reported to increase with tumor progression and its overexpression enhanced vascular leakiness, extravasation and metastasis [35][36][37]. Neural cell adhesion molecules such as neuronal glia related cell adhesion molecule (NrCAM, OVOC3931) play crucial roles in development and regeneration of the central nervous system. However, they are also associated with early tumor development of neuroblastoma [38]. ...

Tumour-derived SPARC drives vascular permeability and extravasation through endothelial VCAM1 signalling to promote metastasis

... Other options, as triplecombination cream (TCC) of hydroquinone, tretinoin, and steroid, tranexamic acid, azelaic acid, kojic acid, arbutin, chemical peeling, lasers, ascorbic acid, rucinol, oligopeptides, silymarin, and various extracts, have been used with varying success. Therefore, the search for ideal treatment offering both effective and safe hypopigmentation in melasma, without long-term adverse effects, is still going on [5][6][7]. ...

Copper Bromide Laser vs Triple-Combination Cream for the Treatment of Melasma: A Randomized Clinical Trial

JAMA Dermatology

... Este fenómeno se ve significativamente potenciado por la presencia de pequeñas cantidades de UVA1 (340-400 nm), a través de mecanismos mediados por el receptor opsina 3, que estimulan la melanogénesis y estabilizan complejos multimericos de tirosinasa/proteína P. Además, la VL ha sido implicada en la fisiopatogenia de melasma y la hiperpigmentación postinflamatoria. La incorporación de óxidos de hierro en formulaciones de protectores solares ha mostrado eficacia en prevenir estas alteraciones, aunque su coloración visible puede afectar la aceptación cosmética del producto (76)(77)(78)(79)(80)(81)(82)(83)(84). ...

Prevention of melasma relapses with sunscreen combining protection against UV and short wavelengths of visible light: A prospective randomized comparative trial

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

... Este fenómeno se ve significativamente potenciado por la presencia de pequeñas cantidades de UVA1 (340-400 nm), a través de mecanismos mediados por el receptor opsina 3, que estimulan la melanogénesis y estabilizan complejos multimericos de tirosinasa/proteína P. Además, la VL ha sido implicada en la fisiopatogenia de melasma y la hiperpigmentación postinflamatoria. La incorporación de óxidos de hierro en formulaciones de protectores solares ha mostrado eficacia en prevenir estas alteraciones, aunque su coloración visible puede afectar la aceptación cosmética del producto (76)(77)(78)(79)(80)(81)(82)(83)(84). ...

Differences in visible light-induced pigmentation according to wavelengths: A clinical and histological study in comparison with UVB exposure
  • Citing Article
  • June 2014

Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research

... In total, seven studies reported on patient satisfaction in various ways. 23,25,28,31,35,42,48 Due to the low number of studies and different methods used, no meta-analysis could be performed. ...

Treatment of port wine stains with pulsed dye laser and topical timolol: A multicenter randomized controlled trial
  • Citing Article
  • December 2013

British Journal of Dermatology

... In our department of Dermatology, QS laser was used to depigment normal skin in vitiligo prior to 2018 with good results. 5 Since then, the QS laser has been replaced by a picosecond laser. Therefore, we conducted a retrospective analysis to assess the efficacy of the picosecond laser in this indication. ...

Laser-assisted depigmentation for resistant vitiligo: A retrospective case series with long-term follow-up
  • Citing Article
  • November 2012