Estrela Figueiredo's research while affiliated with Nelson Mandela University and other places
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Publications (273)
The collecting of botanical specimens in Mozambique for depositing in herbaria during the period from 1900 to 1929, i.e., up to the appointment of institutional collectors, such as António de Figueiredo Gomes e Sousa, is investigated. A comprehensive catalogue of collectors who were active in the country in the first ca. 30 years of the 20th centur...
The French botanist Louis-René ‘Edmond’ Tulasne validly published three new names in Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) in 1857. These are K. eriophylla, K. miniata, and K. floribunda, with the first two of these names being based on material that was collected more than 30 years earlier in Madagascar by Carl Hilsenberg and Wenceslas B...
In recent years the poaching of, especially, succulent plants from the wild in South Africa has developed into an enormous, illegal industry, with the number of such plants confiscated increasing annually by over 250%. It has been estimated that more than 1.5 million plants have been illegally removed from the wild in the past three years. This con...
The hybrid between Kalanchoe lateritia and K. sexangularis (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) is described as K. ×sogae. Like K. lateritia, virtually all plant parts of K. ×sogae are covered in a fine indumentum, but with the indumentum being less substantial in the case of this nothospecies. The leaves and stems of material of K. ×sogae are bri...
A red- and several yellow-flowered variants of Aloiampelos tenuior (Asphodelaceae subfam. Alooideae), a species of scrambling aloe, are well known, including in cultivation, and apart from the autonymic variety, at least four others have been given taxonomic recognition at that rank. The yellow-flowered varieties of A. tenuior are predominantly, bu...
Recent proposals to amend the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (the Code) to allow the rejection of names that honour historical individuals who committed crimes against humanity has sparked a counter-reaction that we believe misrepresents both the intent and mechanism of the proposals. In this short paper we point ou...
The endemic South African species Kalanchoe gideonsmithii (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) is described from KwaZulu-Natal, the eastern-most province of the country. The entire natural geographical distribution range of the species falls within the species-rich Maputaland-Pondoland Region of Endemism. Kalanchoe gideonsmithii is related to K. r...
A diagnostic description of the genus is given with special emphasis on the occurrence of succulence of its single species. The geographical distribution is outlined, together with a selection of important literature and an explanation of the etymology of the name. This is followed by a short summary of its position in the phylogeny of the family a...
The recent reinstatement of Kalanchoe decumbens Compton as well as the description of K. waterbergensis van Jaarsv. (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) necessitate a reassessment of the circumscription of K. rotundifolia (Haw.) Haw., thus far the morphologically most diverse kalanchoe indigenous to southern Africa. Material with bright green, gen...
A diagnostic description of the family is given with special emphasis on the occurrence of succulence. This is followed by information on the ordinal placement, a selection of important literature, and information on the geographical distribution. A short discussion of the family’s position in the angiosperm phylogeny is supplemented by a summary o...
A new species of Aloe (Asphodelaceae subfam. Alooideae), A. hankeyi, which belongs in A. sect. Leptoaloe is described from northern South Africa. The new species has affinities with A. cooperi and A. verecunda, from both of which it can be separated on vegetative and reproductive characters.
We propose that the two volumes of Phytographia Lusitaniae selectior, authored by Felix de Avelar Brotero, and published in Lisbon, Portugal, appeared in 1817 and in 1828, respectively. Publication dates of other publications produced by Brotero are also provided. The correct citation and current status of new names published by Brotero in volumes...
As part of a review of the names applied to economically important species of Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), the nomenclature and typification of the name Kalanchoe blossfeldiana are reviewed. The type of this species name is clarified in a second-step lectotypification. The selection of desirable hybrids and cultivars based on K....
The nomenclature of the three names that Emmanuel Drake del Castillo published in Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), K. antanosiana, K. beharensis, and K. linearifolia, in 1903 is reviewed and discussed. Kalanchoe beharensis and K. linearifolia are today accepted species, but K. antanosiana is widely treated as a synonym of K. orgyali...
The biography of Felix de Avelar Brotero (1744-1828), the first Professor of Botany in Portugal, is updated and corrected based on information that recently came to light.
In a recent article electronically published in Taxon as a “Point of View” in 2021 (and subsequently in hardcopy as a “Perspective” in 2022), Gideon F. Smith and Estrela Figueiredo commented on the undesirability of the continued commemoration of people of severely questionable ethics, including the imperialist Cecil John Rhodes (1853–1902), in bot...
When describing Kalanchoe orgyalis Baker (1882: 110) [Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae, Kalanchoe Adanson (1763: 248) subg. Kalanchoe] (Figs 1 & 2), Baker cited two collections, “Baron 105! 249!”, both of which were therefore collected by Reverend Richard Baron (1847–1907), with both presumably originating from “West Betsileo, on stony ground an...
The name Kalanchoe wildii (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) is applied to a species from Zimbabwe in south-tropical Africa. Kalanchoe wildii remains little-known and to fix application of the name, we here lectotypify it on a specimen held in Zimbabwe at Herb. SRGH, given that the holotype is no longer extant.
Southern Africa is globally known for its considerable floristic diversity and for the past several centuries the region has attracted the research attention of both foreign and southern African botanists. While the majority of the plant scientists, including taxonomists, working on the regional flora was male, women have made significant contribut...
The natural geographical distribution range of Sedum rubens in continental Portugal is reassessed. Based on the Flora iberica provinces recognised for the country, the occurrence of the species in Ribatejo is confirmed but it is thus far excluded from Beira Alta.
Angola is a large south-tropical African country with a rich plant diversity of over 7000 species. The vast majority of the plants collected in the country for deposition in preserved collections was obtained while Angola was under Portuguese rule. An historical analysis is presented of plant collecting in the country from the earliest times until...
A recent increase in awareness of the impact and aftereffects of imperialism and colonialism has served to indicate to the world that change can occur rapidly and likely irreversibly in numerous spheres of life. A well‐publicised example is the “Rhodes Must Fall” campaign that started in Cape Town, South Africa, in 2015, and eventually spread to th...
Kalanchoe beharensis is one of the largest members of the genus and one of only a few that can be regarded as being truly arborescent. Its distribution in central-south Madagascar is discussed, together with its history, relationships, cultivation and cultivars. The paper is illustrated with a water-colour painting, photos and a distribution map.
The genus Aloiampelos was established in 2013 to accommodate the scrambling aloes. Aloiampelos ciliaris is one of seven species in this genus. Its history, taxonomy, relationships, cytology, ecology, distribution and cultivation are discussed. This species is endemic to the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The paper is illustrated with a wate...
Aspects of the floristics and phytogeography of species of Kalanchoe Adans. (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) in the Waterberg, Limpopo province, northern South Africa, are discussed. In 2001 the Waterberg, which covers an area of 654,033ha (1,616,150.74 acres), was recognised as a Biosphere Reserve. It is shown that after eastern southern Afri...
The identity of the little-known Kalanchoe lubangensis R.Fern. (Crassulaceae subfam.
Kalanchooideae) is clarified. An amplified description is provided for this endemic species
from southwestern Angola, aspects of its ecology are discussed, and it is illustrated. Kalanchoe
lubangensis is compared to K. brachyloba Welw.,
a likely close relative. The...
Following the reinstatement of Aloe davyana Schönland (1905: 288) (Fig. 1A) as an accepted taxon at the rank of species, rather than at that of variety under A. greatheadii Schönland (1904: 121) (Smith et al. 2020), we here reinstate A. davyana var. subolifera Groenewald (1939: t. 732). Aloe davyana var. subolifera was accepted by all aloe research...
![Figure 5. Specimen (Howard Scott Gentry, [Arthur] Barclay & [Juan]...](profile/Joachim-Thiede/publication/349442755/figure/fig5/AS:993004936515589@1613762234873/Specimen-Howard-Scott-Gentry-Arthur-Barclay-Juan-Arguelles-20410-of-Agave_Q320.jpg)
In the past the names Agave lophantha Schiede (1829) and A. univittata Haw. (1831) (Asparagaceae: Agavoideae / Agavaceae) were variously regarded as referring to the same species, or to two different taxa at either species or infraspecific ranks. In clarifying the nomenclature and taxonomy associated with these two names we show that they apply to...
Aloe davyana (Asphodelaceae subfam. Alooideae), a winter-flowering aloe that is endemic to the north-central interior of South Africa, is reinstated at the rank of species based on plant size, clumping habit, leaf colour and ornamentation, inflorescence architecture, and several flower characters. In the past it was sometimes treated as A. greathea...
The nothospecies Kalanchoe ×gunniae Gideon F.Sm & Figueiredo (Crassulaceae), a hybrid between Kalanchoe paniculata Harv. and Kalanchoe sexangularis N.E.Br., is described from Pretoria, South Africa
The tropical African genus Staudtia Warburg (1897a: 128) (Myristicaceae) is most often treated as consisting of two species, the widespread S. kamerunensis Warburg (1897a: 241) and the little-known S. pterocarpa Warburg (1897a: 243), the latter being endemic to the island of São Tomé (São Tomé and Príncipe, Gulf of Guinea). Staudtia pterocarpa has...
Walker et al. (2019: 12) suggested that the name Aloe zeyheri (Barber 1870a: 80) (Asphodelaceae subfam. Alooideae) was merely proposed and not validly published for the species of tree aloe today known as Aloidendron barberae (Dyer 1874a: 566) Klopper & Gideon F. Sm. in Grace et al. (2013: 9) (Fig. 1A–C). Aloidendron barberae occurs naturally along...
Aloe arborescens Miller (1768: no. 3 on first page headed “ALO ALO”) (Fig. 1A) is a parent of some intergeneric alooid hybrids, as well as of interspecific hybrids in Aloe Linnaeus (1753: 319), that have become popular in domestic and even industrial-scale horticulture [see for example Smith & Figueiredo 2015: 20, and Figueiredo & Smith 2019 on A....
As comprehensively argued by Ozerova et al. (2017), commonly cultivated South African material widely known as Senecio kleiniiformis Suessenguth (1937: 45), (Asteraceae subfam. Asteroideae tr. Senecioneae) (Fig. 1) represents an intergeneric hybrid derived from a species of Curio Heath (1997: 136) and Senecio tropaeolifolius MacOwan ex Mueller (186...
Friedrich Welwitsch (1806–1872) is best known for his botanical work in Angola in south-tropical Africa. However, he also was one of the first plant collectors on the islands of São Tomé and Príncipe, Gulf of Guinea, while en route to Angola in 1853, and again seven years later when returning to Lisbon, Portugal. The contributions of Welwitsch to t...
Although it is widely assumed that Friedrich Welwitsch, who collected about 10,000 specimens in Angola during a seven-year period in the mid-1800s, only proposed names that were validly published by other authors in the Flora of Tropical Africa (FTA), he also provided Latin descriptions that were attached to the specimens. These descriptions were t...
The genus Kleinia Miller (1754: page headed KI KL) (Asteraceae, subfam. Asteroideae, tr. Senecioneae) has been variously circumscribed over time, but in the past was often regarded as worthy of segregation from Senecio Linnaeus (1753: 866) based on, inter alia, the architecture of ovary wall crystals (Jeffrey 1986) and the prevalence of stem succul...
The genus name Brochoneura Warburg (1895a: 179; also mentioned in Warburg 1895b: 272) was published with a single species described in it, B. usambarensis Warburg (1895a: 180; also mentioned in Warburg 1895b: 272) from East Africa. Note that both Warburg (1895a) and Warburg (1895b) were published in July 1895 (Stafleu & Cowan 1976: 763). The descri...
From the 1950s to the 1980s the East African taxa of Kalanchoe Adanson (1763: 248) (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) received taxonomic attention in a series of papers by Cufodontis (1957, 1958, 1965, 1967, 1969), Raadts (1977, 1979, 1984, 1985, 1989), and Wickens (1982, 1987) that culminated in the treatment of the genus by Wickens (1987: 30–5...
The contributions made by Flávio Ferreira Pinto de Resende (1907–1967), who, for most of his career, was based at the University of Lisbon, in Lisbon, Portugal, to succulent plant research in the mid-1900s, especially in the Asphodelaceae subfam. Alooideae and Crassulaceae, are recorded and discussed. Biographical information on Resende is provided...
The proposed name at new rank ‘Kalanchoe brevicalyx’ (Raymond-Hamet & Perrier de la Bâthie 1915: 88) L.Allorge (in Boiteau & Allorge-Boiteau 1995: 133) (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) was not validly published as a full and direct reference to the place of valid publication of the basionym, K. pinnata var. brevicalyx Raymond-Hamet & Perrier d...
The valid publication of the name Euphorbia candelabrum Welwitsch (1855: 328) or E. candelabrum Welwitsch (1856: 251) (Euphorbiaceae) is subject to a request for a binding decision, which, following Art. 38.4 of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (or Shenzhen Code, see Turland et al. 2018), provides the only means o...
The majority of the species of Kalanchoe Adanson (1763: 248) in cultivation in, especially, mild-climate parts of the world originates from Madagascar, a present-day centre of high species diversity for the genus (Gehrig et al. 2001; Descoings 2003; Smith & Figueiredo 2018). Of 45 species, hybrids, and cultivars of Kalanchoe listed by Springate (19...
For nine years, from 1835 until his death, the British-born Andrew Beveridge Curror (27 October 1811–11 July 1844) served as surgeon on different ships of the British Royal Navy. From 1839 he sailed on ships of the West Africa Squadron, which aimed at the curtailment of the slave trade along Africa’s west coast. Curror additionally had a strong int...
For three species of Aloe L. (Asphodelaceae subfam. Alooideae), A. canis S.Lane, A. suffulta Reynolds, and A. lateritia Engl., which are rare in Malawi, detailed habitat information is given to facilitate their recollection in that country. Aloe canis, a Malawian endemic, was observed at three localities in the 1970s by T.P. Campbell-Barker and pub...
Britten (1871: 391–398), when treating the genus Kalanchoe Adanson (1763: 248) (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) for the Flora of Tropical Africa (FTA) project, recognised 18 species as indigenous to that part of Africa (see Oliver 1868 for the geographical coverage of the project). Six of these, 30% of the FTA kalanchoes, were based on materia...
While working on the cytogenetics of a range of alooids (Asphodelaceae subfam. Alooideae) in Lisbon, Portugal, Flávio Resende described several new formae in species of rambling aloe, a group that at the time was interpreted as section Macrifoliae Haw. in Aloe L. This group is nowadays accorded genus rank, as Aloiampelos Klopper & Gideon F.Sm. One...
The numbering systems used by Júlio Henriques when specimens were prepared for distribution as donations or for determination from the Herbarium COI (Coimbra, Portugal) are addressed, with particular emphasis on the collections made by Adolfo Moller and Francisco Quintas on São Tomé and Príncipe in the 19th century. The conflicting numbers and labe...
Hoodia currorii Decaisne (1844: 665) is a well-known species of carrion flower from west-central Namibia and southern Angola. Bruyns et al. (2017) reclassified more than 30 stapeliad genera in an enlarged concept of Ceropegia Linnaeus (1753: 211). This resulted in Ceropegia consisting of over 750 species, one of which being then referred to as ‘C....
Although most species of Aloe Linnaeus (1753: 319) flower in winter, the comparatively few taxa of this genus that occur naturally above South Africa’s climatically severe Great Escarpment tend to flower during spring when temperatures are on the increase. Two such species are A. broomii Schönland (1907: 137) and A. grandidentata Salm-Dyck (1822: 3...
Boiteau & Mannoni (1948: 58) proposed recognition of two varieties, apart from the typical one, in the Madagascan Kalanchoe porphyrocalyx (Baker 1883: 142) Baillon (1885: 469) (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae). For one of these, the combination K. porphyrocalyx var. sulphurea (Baker 1887: 471) Boiteau & Mannoni (1948: 58) was validly published....
Raadts (1977) published the combination Kalanchoe nyikae Engler (1895: 189) subsp. auriculata Raadts (1977: 113) (Crassulaceae) to recognise, at the rank of subspecies, material of what she at the time considered to be representatives of the East African K. nyikae that had basally auriculate or cordate, rather than peltate, leaf blades. In 1987 Wic...
With about 60 of the c. 150 known species of the genus Kalanchoe Adanson (1763: 248) sensu lato having been recorded from Madagascar, this island is the present-day centre of diversity of the genus (Smith & Figueiredo 2018). When Rauh & Hebding in Rauh (1995: 15) suggested the reclassification of the Madagascan K. juelii Raymond-Hamet & Perrier de...
Francisco Newton (18 May 1864–9 December 1909), who was born in Portugal, travelled to Angola at the age of 16 and during his initial stay, which lasted from 1880 until late-1884 or early-1885, he collected plant specimens. At the time Angola was a Portuguese colony. During a second expedition to Angola that lasted from 1903 to 1905, Newton did not...
Herbarium records show that during the second half of the 19th century John Rattray collected several plant specimens at ports of call along the West African coast (Canary Islands, Senegal, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Ghana, São Tomé, Príncipe, and Angola). At the herbarium (K) of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, England, four such specimens are databased...
A new species of Kalanchoe Adans. (Crassulaceae), K. crouchii Gideon F.Sm. & Figueiredo, is described from the Wolkberg Centre of Endemism, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. The species is allied to K. luciae Raym.-Hamet, K. montana Compton, K. thyrsiflora Harv., and K. winteri Gideon F.Sm., N.R.Crouch & Mich.Walters, from which it can be readily...
To date the eponymy of the name Aloe greenii Green ex Rob., and by implication that of the name A. viridiana Gideon F.Sm. & Figueiredo (Asphodelaceae: Alooideae), which was recently published to replace the name A. greenii Baker (1880) non Green ex Rob. (1875a), has been open to speculation. We show that these names in all likelihood commemorate Mr...
Hybrid material of Aptenia N.E.Br. (Aizoaceae / Mesembryanthemaceae) that is in cultivation in many mild-climate parts of the world was previously described as a cultivar, A. ‘Red Apple’. The parents of the hybrid from which the cultivar was derived are Aptenia cordifolia (L.f.) Schwantes and A. haeckeliana (A.Berger) Bittrich ex Gerbaulet, both be...
A new cultivar of Echeveria DC. (Crassulaceae), E. ‘African Sunset’ Gideon F.Sm. & Figueiredo, is described from cultivation in South Africa. It is a small, rosulate to short-stemmed plant of unknown echeveria parentage. Echeveria ‘African Sunset’ has striking, light olive green foliage and its flowers are uniformly bright crimson red. Plants very...
It is shown that the correct author citation of the name Kalanchoe marnieriana (Crassulaceae) is “H.Jacobsen ex L.Allorge”, which was published in P. Boiteau & L. Allorge-Boiteau, Kalanchoe (Crassulacées) de Madagascar (1995: 102), as this replacement name for the illegitimate K. humbertiiMannoni & Boiteau (1947), non Guillaumin (1939), was only va...
The taxonomy of, and nomenclature applicable to, Kalanchoe millotii Raym.-Hamet & H.Perrier (Crassulaceae) are discussed with special reference to the typification of this name. A previous claim that the name has a holotype is incorrect. The name K. millotii is [second-step] lectotypified on a specimen, [J.M.H.A.] Perrier [de la Bâthie] 11789, barc...
We show that both Aptenia cordifolia (L.f.) Schwantes (Aizoaceae / Mesembryanthemaceae) and at least one cultivar derived from the hybrid between it and A. haeckeliana (A.Berger) Bittrich ex Gerbaulet have become naturalised in continental Portugal. The cultivar is widely known as A. ‘Red Apple’ and much more widely cultivated and distributed than...
The taxonomy of the Madagascan Kalanchoe serrata Mannoni & Boiteau (Crassulaceae) is discussed. The species is illustrated and an amplified description is provided for it. A key to distinguish among the species included in the informal group Suffrutescentes is provided.
Citations
... Mosyakin 2022, Wheeler 2023) who listed dozens of cases that might eventually be addressed by 'crazy' revisionist taxonomists who would change every specific name, from those honouring football teams to those referencing North American states. In our view, more urgent than such speculation is to demonstrate that stability should not be considered on the same level as ethics (see also Figueiredo et al. 2023; this issue). The latter is a principle which, in fact, underpins equality, justice and priority. ...
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... It appears that when coining new names, authors can breach the Code of Ethics without any consequence because the ICZN ' […] is not empowered to investigate or rule […]' on such breaches. This stance is one of potential antagonism to the changes that are needed to align biological nomenclature with the values, ethics, and morals of a multicultural society [see also Bae et al. (2023), this issue]. ...
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... As a growing number of biologists [e.g. botany (Hammer and Thiele 2021;Smith & Figueiredo 2021; primatology (Chen-Kraus et al. 2021); palaeoanthropology (Roksandic et al. 2022a, b); and more general biological sciences (Guedes et al. 2023, Roksandic et al. 2023 have pointed out, there are multiple nomenclatural conventions that should be reconsidered. For example, we believe that certain taxa named after people such as Adolf Hitler (Anophthalmus hitleri Scheibel, 1937 andRochlingia hitleri Guthörl, 1934; the latter name also honouring Hermann Röchling), Cecil Rhodes (Homo rhodesiensis Woodward, 1921) and George Hibbert (Hibbertia Andrews, 1800 and Erica hibbertia Andrews, 1804) are problematic. ...
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... Except for the most general, no locality data from specimens or field observations are given. This deviation from widely followed taxonomic practice is justified by the fact that poaching of succulent plants from the wild in South Africa is a severe and escalating problem, and it was decided not to provide any information regarding the exact whereabouts of this new species that could cause known populations to be targeted for destructive collecting (Smith et al. 2023). ...
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... Bowie sent material of what was to be described as K. rotundifolia (Haworth, 1824(Haworth, , 1825 to the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, where two plates dated "Octob. 1 st . 1823" and "March 23 rd 1829" were prepared by Thomas Duncanson and George Bond, respectively (Smith & Figueiredo, 2022). Tölken (1985: 62) designated one of the two paintings, the one executed by Duncanson in 1823, as lectotype, corrected to neotype by Figueiredo and Smith (2017: 111), of the name Kalanchoe rotundifolia. ...
... Part of the botanical community has put forward proposals to replace 'culturally offensive and inappropriate names' (Hammer & Thiele, 2021); to 'permanently and retroactively eliminate epithets' containing perceived racial slurs (Smith & Figueiredo, 2021a) or honouring colonial actors (Smith & Figueiredo, 2021b); or to replace established and accepted scientific names with new scientific names based on indigenous ones (Gillman & Wright, 2020). These proposals have received both support (Knapp et al., 2020;Thiele et al., 2022) and criticism (Palma & Heath, 2021;Mosyakin, 2021Mosyakin, , 2022a. Besides reactions published in the scientific literature, debates have also erupted on social media platforms, such as ResearchGate. ...
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... Felix de Avelar Brotero (1744Brotero ( -1828, the first Portuguese professor of botany (Goeze, 1873;Figueiredo & al., 2018aFigueiredo & al., , 2022, produced two major floristic works, Flora Lusitanica (Brotero, 1804) and Phytographia Lusitaniae selectior (Brotero, 1801(Brotero, , 1817(Brotero, , 1828. However, over the past 50 years the dates of publication of these two works have been subject to controversy. ...
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... Despite the 14 rules outlined in the Code, there are times when names rise to be considered a "specified case," when the 15 correct scientific names do not catch on and alternative names have been broadly accepted (e.g., Galax; 16 Brummitt 1972). Currently, there are live proposals for changing the Code to allow for re-naming of species 17 Other reasons for providing a path to name changes involve taxa with offensive scientific names (Smith 32 and Figueiredo 2022; Thiele et al. 2022). While above we discuss taxa with offensive common names, 33 plants with problematic scientific names also exist. ...
... Providing access to inspirational role models is also among the many other strategies to overcome the barriers facing women active in advanced scientific careers [13]. As a result, there are currently available many accounts and biographies of pioneering women who have influenced the early history of a wide range of scientific disciplines, including biological sciences [14][15][16]. ...
... As a growing number of biologists [e.g. botany (Hammer and Thiele 2021;Smith & Figueiredo 2021; primatology (Chen-Kraus et al. 2021); palaeoanthropology (Roksandic et al. 2022a, b); and more general biological sciences (Guedes et al. 2023, Roksandic et al. 2023 have pointed out, there are multiple nomenclatural conventions that should be reconsidered. For example, we believe that certain taxa named after people such as Adolf Hitler (Anophthalmus hitleri Scheibel, 1937 andRochlingia hitleri Guthörl, 1934; the latter name also honouring Hermann Röchling), Cecil Rhodes (Homo rhodesiensis Woodward, 1921) and George Hibbert (Hibbertia Andrews, 1800 and Erica hibbertia Andrews, 1804) are problematic. ...
