Erin Walker's research while affiliated with University of Pittsburgh and other places
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Publications (41)
The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in education has been on the rise, and government and non-government organizations around the world are establishing policies and guidelines to support its safe implementation. However, there is a need to bridge the gap between AI research practices and their potential applications to design and implement edu...
We propose incorporating biophysical data with behavioral data to inform digital learning environments on an individual’s current cognitive state and how it relates to their learning. We used a rule learning paradigm drawn from cognitive psychology to define phases of rule learning across multiple domains. This paradigm can simulate an inductive re...
While speech-enabled teachable agents have some advantages over typing-based ones, they are vulnerable to errors stemming from misrecognition by automatic speech recognition (ASR). These errors may propagate, resulting in unexpected changes in the flow of conversation. We analyzed how such changes are linked with learning gains and learners’ rappor...
The dual mechanisms of control framework describes two modes of goal-directed behavior: proactive control (goal maintenance) and reactive control (goal activation on task demands). Although these mechanisms are relevant to learner behaviors during interaction with intelligent tutoring systems (ITS), their relation to ITSs is under-researched. We pr...
While speech-enabled teachable agents have some advantages over typing-based ones, they are vulnerable to errors stemming from misrecognition by automatic speech recognition (ASR). These errors may propagate, resulting in unexpected changes in the flow of conversation. We analyzed how such changes are linked with learning gains and learners' rappor...
Speakers build rapport in the process of aligning conversational behaviors with each other. Rapport engendered with a teachable agent while instructing domain material has been shown to promote learning. Past work on lexical alignment in the field of education suffers from limitations in both the measures used to quantify alignment and the types of...
Teaching others has been shown to be an activity in which students can learn new information in both human-human (peer-tutoring) and human-computer interactions (teachable robots). One factor that may help foster learning and engagement when teaching others is the development of positive rapport and perceptions between the tutor, tutee, and robot....
The learning sciences have strong established practices of participatory research that encourage projects to be more relevant to today's educational issues. However, societal and personal considerations may also influence the relevance and impact of research. We propose using a Responsible Research and Innovation framework to build on participatory...
Purpose
We evaluated the efficacy of a reading comprehension intervention with dual language learners (DLLs) with documented English reading comprehension difficulties, half of whom had a developmental language disorder. The intervention EMBRACE (Enhanced Moved by Reading to Accelerate Comprehension in English) required children to move images on a...
Asking questions about a text enhances comprehension whether the questions are self-generated by the reader or asked by another. Previous parent training studies have focused on Latino parents with low-income and low-levels of formal education and have noted that during shared reading, immigrant Latino parents ask few questions. In contrast, we exa...
Dialogic reading is a practice where adults and children engage in a dialogue as they read together to improve children’s language strategies and comprehension. These dialogues are often initiated by parent questioning behaviors, but parents do not always engage in this behavior spontaneously. In this paper, we describe an adaptive intervention for...
Automatic detection of an individual’s mind-wandering state has implications for designing and evaluating engaging and effective learning interfaces. While it is difficult to differentiate whether an individual is mind-wandering or focusing on the task only based on externally observable behavior, brain-based sensing offers unique insights to inter...
Cognitive control and rule learning are two important mechanisms that explain how goals influence behavior and how knowledge is acquired. These mechanisms are studied heavily in cognitive science literature within highly controlled tasks to understand human cognition. Although they are closely linked to the student behaviors that are often studied...
Online crowds, with their large numbers and diversity, show great potential for creativity. Research has explored different ways of augmenting their creative performance, particularly during large-scale brainstorming sessions. Traditionally, this comes in the form of showing ideators some form of inspiration to get them to explore more categories o...
While prior research has revealed the promising impact of concept mapping on learning, few have comprehensively modeled different cognitive behaviors during concept mapping. In addition, existing concept mapping tools lack effective feedback to support better learning behaviors. This work presents MindDot, a concept map-based learning environment t...
Online crowds, with their large numbers and diversity, show great potential for creativity, particularly during large-scale brainstorming sessions. Research has explored different ways of augmenting this creativity, such as showing ideators some form of inspiration to get them to explore more categories or generate more ideas. The mechanisms used t...
Reading comprehension is a critical skill, and one where dual language learners can fall behind compared to native English speakers. We developed EMBRACE, an intelligent tutoring system to improve reading comprehension of dual language learners. Based on theories of embodied cognition, EMBRACE tutors children on how to create cognitive simulations...
Research has explored different ways of improving crowd ideation, such as presenting examples or employing facilitators. While such support is usually generated through peripheral tasks delegated to crowd workers who are not part of the ideation, it is possible that the ideators themselves could benefit from the extra thought involved in doing them...
Desirable outcomes such as health are tightly linked to behaviors, thus inspiring research on technologies that support people in changing those behaviors. Many behavior-change technologies are designed by HCI experts but this approach can make it difficult to personalize support to each user's unique goals and needs. This paper reports on the iter...
In a meta-analysis, Takacs, Swart, and Bus (2015) found that when children listen to multimedia electronic storybooks, comprehension is higher than when listening to a traditional oral reading of the story. However, adding interactive features reduced the benefit, and for at-risk children, the interactive features reduced comprehension to below tha...
As the size of innovation communities increases, methods of supporting their creativity need to scale as well. Our research proposes the integration of three scalable techniques into a crowd ideation system: 1) data visualization, 2) structured microtask workflows, and 3) data mining, with the goal of supporting users in convergent and divergent id...
As technology is increasingly integrated into the classroom, understanding the facilitators and barriers for deployment becomes an important part of the process. While systems that employ traditional WIMP-based interfaces have a well-established body of work describing their integration into classroom environments, more novel technologies generally...
By integrating real-time brain input into personalized learning environments, it would be possible to capture a learner's changing cognitive state and adapt the learning experience appropriately. Working toward this goal, we aim to develop a robust system that can classify a user's cognitive state during a learning activity, using brain data collec...
In this position paper we contrast a Dystopian view of the future of adaptive collaborative learning support (ACLS) with a Utopian scenario that – due to better-designed technology, grounded in research – avoids the pitfalls of the Dystopian version and paints a positive picture of the practice of computer-supported collaborative learning 25 years...
In conversational dialogue, grounding refers to the joint activity of speakers and listeners establishing common ground—a shared understanding of their mutual knowledge, beliefs, and assumptions. Grounding is a critical component of successful collaborative interactions and plays an important role in collaborative learning. In this work, we investi...
The goal of this project is to develop tools that support users’ creation of their own behavior-change plans. We conducted two formative user studies to explore people’s creation of plans for their own behavioral goals. Users were provided with minimal support to facilitate goal-setting, use of behavior-change techniques, and self-monitoring. In th...
While users often have goals related to developing better habits (e.g., eating more healthy food, exercising more frequently), they are typically not very effective at achieving those goals. We have been developing a toolkit that provides hardware and software for users who have no programming experience to easily invent and test context-aware appl...
As an initial effort in developing tools that support users' creation of their own behavior-change plans, we conducted a formative user study. We intended to explore people's creation of plans for their own behavioral goals, with minimal support to facilitate their goal-setting, implementation of behavior-change techniques, and self-monitoring. In...
Analysis of students’ log data to understand their process as they solve problems is an essential part of educational technology research. Models of correct and buggy student behavior can be generated from this log data and used as a basis for intelligent feedback. Another important technique for understanding problem-solving process is video proto...
End-user programming tools, if properly designed, have the potential to empower end-users to create context-aware applications tailored to their own needs and lives, in order to help them break bad habits and change their behaviors. In this work, we present GALLAG Strip, an easy to use mobile and tangible tool that allows users to create context-aw...
To date, the majority of learning technologies only afford virtual interactions on desktops or tablets, despite evidence that students learn through physical manipulation of their environment. We implemented a tangible system that allows students to solve coordinate geometry problems by interacting in a physical space with digitally augmented devic...
Robotic learning environments may benefit if combined with intelligent tutoring technologies, but it is unclear how best to integrate the two types of systems. We explore this integration using a tangible teachable agent paradigm, where students teach a robot about geometry concepts. To identify potential design directions, we employ a user-centere...
Tangible learning environments may be improved if combined with another successful educational technology, intelligent tutoring systems. However, design principles for tangible environments and intelligent support are often at odds. To reconcile these differences, we employ a need validation methodology to understand student needs in an intelligent...
Citations
... The majority of interventions focused on general language skills, vocabulary, or mean length of utterance. To our knowledge, other recent studies published since then have focused on vocabulary, grammar, and narrative skills De Anda et al., 2022;Fiestas et al., 2021;Petersen et al., 2016;Sanabria et al., 2022;Spencer et al., 2019). In contrast with studies of monolingual children that tend to focus on individual grammatical structures (cf. ...
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... Based on the effectiveness of questions in in-class activities, recent researchers have investigated questions in readings made with families in terms of different perspectives. These studies reported that questions used in readings made with families shape interaction and sharing within the reading processes (Gómez et al., 2021;Zibulsky et al., 2019). ...
... Firstly, traceability from an excerpt to a concept would facilitate guided reading based on the concept map. Learners would be able to track the origin of each concept in the map, allowing for a structured and guided approach to reading and comprehension [14]. Secondly, traceability from a concept to an excerpt would enable thirdparty observers, such as stakeholders or instructors, to pinpoint the source of potential misunderstandings in the concept map. ...
... In an experimental test where control groups read and re-read the texts with the objects visible but not physically moved, the treatments moving actual objects or their computerized counterparts produced large improvements in reading comprehension (d effect sizes approaching or exceeding 1.0). This embodied intervention has been modified for teaching reading comprehension to English Language Learners (Enhanced Moved by Reading to Accelerate Comprehension in English (EMBRACE); Glenberg et al. 2016). ...
... Clinical thinking training should cultivate students' ability to collect information, analyze information, and verify by observation; employing internal feedback based on gradual feedback and prompts while executing the learning [25] and an outer loop comprising analysis, observation, verification, collection, and analysis [26]. For the AIteach system, students first collect case information, analyze and consider the collects information, and finally observe and verify, as shown in Fig. 8. ...
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... Researchers took a thorough look at time windows existing in the literature and reported that a window size of 2-7s following a stimulus led to increased classification accuracy compared to other time windows (R. Liu, Walker, Friedman, Arrington, & Solovey, 2021;Nazeer et al., 2020). Similar bodies of research have proposed a 0-4s window for drowsiness detection using fNIRS (Khan, Liu, Bhutta, & Hong, 2016). ...
... No contexto de aplicações que exploram o conceito de crowdsourcing, destaca-se o CrowdMuse [21], que atua como uma ferramenta para detectar a presença de efeitos sensoriais em um conteúdo audiovisual com base no público e retransmitilos aos autores do serviço. No entanto, sua ênfase é principalmente na edição de vídeo, em vez de fornecer um ambiente de autoria abrangente. ...
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... Annotation has been proven to be an effective way of aiding in the comprehension and interpretation of written information [25]. Because annotating slows the reading down, learners discover and uncover ideas that would not have emerged otherwise [26,27]. It should then be possible for the learner to annotate for the purpose of concept mapping (R3). ...
... Thille et al. (2014) argued that large-scale assessment should benefit learners by providing continuous, multi-faceted feedback. In this regard, recent advances in AI technologies afford opportunities for formative assessment at scale, such as using machine learning to determine the quality and distribution of ideas in classroom discourse (Lee, 2021) and using trace data to dynamically give young learners immediate performance feedback in comprehension tasks (Walker et al., 2017). ...
... The remaining papers set goals participatorily (n=10) or guided (n=14), with PI owners and another parties (i.e., the PI tool, healthcare provider, or researchers). Thirteen articles combined or compared multiple goal sources, such as Barbarin et al. [7], in which the participants self-set a weight goal and the system assigned a caloric budget or Lee et al. [51] where different types of goal setting strategies are studied. Because there are sometimes multiple goals in one study, it results in multiple and overlapping characteristics (e.g., having a quantitative self-set goal and a quantitative assigned goal). ...
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