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July 2001
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3,164 Reads
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433 Citations
Foreign Policy
A new global activism is shaming the world's top companies into enacting codes of conduct and opening their Third World factories for inspection. But before you run a victory lap in your new sweatshop-free sneakers, ask yourself: Do these voluntary arrangements truly help workers and the environment, or do they merely weaken local governments while adding more green to the corporate bottom line?
... This evolution captures the variety of VSS currently active, including VSS covering different sectors, multiple VSS within one sector and different types of VSS (stringent versus less stringent ones, public and private ones, etc.) (infra). Factors driving the notable VSS proliferation between 1990 and 2020 include increased consumer demand for ethical and sustainable products (O'Rourke, 2012), government and donor support and use of instruments to govern transnationally on sustainability concerns (Gulbrandsen, 2010;Krauss & Krishnan, 2022;Schleifer, 2017;UNFSS, 2022), company commitments on sustainability driven by shareholder/stakeholder demands (Auld, Bernstein, & Cashore, 2008;Gereffi et al., 2001;, ideational and norm entrepreneurs (e.g. Rainforest Alliance, WWF or ISEAL) that carried the certification model to a growing number of sectors (Auld et al., 2007;Loconto & Fouilleux, 2014), and a search by the policy community for public-private innovations to develop more sustainable production systems (Auld et al., 2015;Rickenbach & Overdevest, 2006). ...
July 2001
Foreign Policy
