Emily K. Chivers's research while affiliated with Telethon Kids Institute and other places

... This increase in CO 2 concentration in the atmosphere has raised questions regarding the ramifications of such a drastic change; it was found that~60% of the global warming effects being attributable to CO 2 emissions 2 . Not only has the increase in CO 2 concentrations been proven to have impacts on the climate, but it also has potentially negative effects on mammalian physiology 3 . Carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies will play a role in offsetting the accumulation of this gas and thus negate the drawbacks of using carbon-intensive technologies. ...

... A question about the capacity of forests to store carbon under the high CO2 is raised [45]. The lungs of mice are sensitive to CO2 [46]. High CO2 exposure affects the lung function of female mice, which can be due to changes in blood chemistry [47]. ...

... 21 Lifelong cigarette smoking harms nearly every organ of the body and reduces life expectancy by ~10 years, [22][23][24] although there is a long latency period. 25 There are well-established biomarkers for disease from cigarette smoking 26 and a developing list of biomarkers for potential disease from e-cigarettes, [27][28][29] although none reach the criteria needed to be markers of clinical disease onset, 30 nor considered adequate to be included in screening modalities for lung cancer. 31 Despite this uncertainty, some have used such biomarkers to predict future disease risk, suggesting that e-cigarettes are much safer than cigarettes. ...

... Propylene glycol is a thinner liquid that produces a stronger throat hit and a more intense flavor, while VG is a thicker liquid that produces more vapor and a sweeter taste. The ratio of PG to VG in an e-liquid can affect the overall flavor, throat hit, and vapor production [32,33]. Flavorings are added to e-liquids to provide a wide range of tastes and aromas [34]. ...

... Specifically, higher maternal scaled mass index and increasing years in captivity were both associated with decreased offspring survival. In other taxa, maternal diet and obesity can impact the survival of offspring or their risk of obesity (Rivera et al., 2015;Smoothy et al., 2019). ...

... Over the progress of fetal programming research, it became clear that nutritional deprivation was not the only prenatal stressor that could lead to maladaptive phenotypes. Malnutrition has been hypothesized to influence programming through several mechanisms, such as inflammation, oxidative stress, dysregulated metabolism, a decrease in placental enzymes, and an increase in steroidal hormones [30,31]. Maternal plasma glucocorticoid levels have been shown to be increased with food restriction, along with the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and a decrease in glucocorticoid-binding factors, leading to higher concentrations of active hormones free to interact with the fetus [32,33]. ...